生物柴油研究进展

综述了生物柴油主要生产国欧盟和美国的生物柴油发展状况及中国发展现状.总结了世界各国生产生物柴油所用原料,提出了劣质植物油及其油脚,利用贫瘠土地种植油料植物,废食用油(地沟油)为原料的适合我国国情的原料方案.对生产生物柴油的各种方法发展状况和优缺点进行了对比和总结,重点讨论了酸碱催化剂和生物酶催化剂在酯交换过程中的应用,并指出了生物柴油合成研究的方向.     

新型生物柴油技术研究进展

综述了生物柴油的特性及生产方法,介绍了酯交换法制备生物柴油的反应机理及生产工艺,对各种工艺的优缺点进行了剖析,指出了生物柴油技术发展现在面临的问题及研究方向。     

生物柴油研究与应用现状

随着环境污染问题的日益严重和能源危机的日益紧迫,迫使人们急需寻找一种不仅清洁的、对环境友好的、而且可再生的能源.生物柴油的可再生性和清洁性引起了世界各国的重视.综述了生物柴油在国内外的生产应用现状、发展趋势以及发展生物柴油对我国的意义.并对生物柴油生产方法的研究进展进行详细的介绍,重点介绍了酯交换反应,对生物柴油目前还存在的问题进行了分析.     

生物柴油的研究现状

本文综述了国内外生物柴油的研究进展及应用现状。介绍了直接混合、微乳液、高温热裂解及酯交换等生物柴油的生产方法,同时对生物柴油所需的原料来源作了介绍,并提出了我国发展生物柴油的意义。     

酸碱催化法制备生物柴油技术研究

酯交换方法是制备生物柴油最常用的方法。酯交换法包括酸碱催化法、酶催化法、超临界法等。主要介绍了酸碱催化法的催化剂、反应结果以及优缺点,并展望了酸碱催化法制备生物柴油技术的发展方向。     

生物柴油的研究现状

综述了国内外生物柴油的研究进展及应用现状。介绍了直接混合、微乳液、高温热裂解及酯交换等生产方法。介绍生物柴油所需的原料来源。阐述了我国发展生物柴油的意义。     

国内酯交换技术研发进展

从制备油脂,生物柴油的合成,碳酸二甲酯合成的酯交换技术,三个方面简单介绍了酯交换技术的研发进展,并指出了三种方法的优缺点。从应用的角度分析了酯交换技术的发展前景,和未来的发展趋势,并简单介绍了酯交换技术的基本原理。     

地沟油合成烷醇酰胺研究进展

简要介绍了地沟油的危害性,分析了烷醇酰胺的合成方法,甲酯法具有众多优点,是目前广泛使用的合成方法。以地沟油为原料利用甲酯法合成烷醇酰胺首先需要合成脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油。而生物柴油合成的普遍方法是酯交换法,然后介绍分析了各种酯交换法,对于地沟油这样的高酸值原料油,采用两步酸碱法较为合适。     

地沟油合成烷醇酰胺研究进展

简要介绍了地沟油的危害性,分析了烷醇酰胺的合成方法,甲酯法具有众多优点,是目前广泛使用的合成方法。以地沟油为原料利用甲酯法合成烷醇酰胺首先需要合成脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油。而生物柴油合成的普遍方法是酯交换法,然后介绍分析了各种酯交换法,对于地沟油这样的高酸值原料油,采用两步酸碱法较为合适。     

生物柴油开发与应用

综论了国内外生物柴油的生产现状,对生物柴油的原料及不同原料的生物柴油性状进行了比较,介绍了化学酯交换、生物酶催化和超临界甲醇法等生物柴油的生产工艺,简述了生物柴油未来发展的趋势以及研究方向。     

生物柴油标准分析与制定研究

我国生物柴油技术的发展急需生物柴油标准的建立。本文分析了国内外生物柴油标准发展现状,讨论了国内现有生物柴油企业标准。建立了一系列生物柴油质量测试方法,测试了国内典型的3种工业生物柴油样品及原生植物油、柴油及20%生物柴油样品。在对测试结果和国际主要生物柴油标准进行对比和分析的基础上,对我国生物柴油标准的制定提出了建议。     

A review on FAME production processes

Among the options explored for alternative energy sources, bio-diesel is one of the most attractive. This paper discussed about the various production processes, few of which are applied at industrial level also, to produce basically FAME (later can be utilized as bio-diesel after purification) and will be termed as bio-diesel in this paper. Transesterification of vegetable oils/fats and extraction from algae are the leading process options for bio-diesel production on large scale. This paper reviews briefly the literature on transesterification reaction using homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzyme catalysts. Employing also ultrasound, microwave and supercritical alcohol techniques and also algae based bio-diesel.     

Bio-diesel production by alkali catalyzed transesterification of dairy waste scum

The potential of using dairy waste scum as a feed stock for bio-diesel production was investigated. Present study optimized the parameters involved in transesterification process of Dairy Waste Scum Oil. Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid composition of Dairy Waste Scum Oil. Results revealed that the low free fatty acid content was a notorious parameter to determine the viability of alkaline transesterification. The yield of bio-diesel reached 96.7% when 1.2 wt.% of Potassium Hydroxide, reaction temperature of 75 °C, 30 min of time and 6:1 Methanol oil ratio at 350 rpm. Thermo gravimetric analysis followed the evaluation of transesterification process. The present analysis confirms that bio-diesel from dairy waste scum is quit suitable as an alternative to petroleum diesel with recommended fuel properties as per ASTM standards. This new way for using dairy waste scum reduces the cost of production of bio-diesel and the problem related to the disposal of Dairy scum.     

用棉籽油制备生物柴油

采用棉籽油为原料连续化生产生物柴油,研究了工艺及设备的设计。由棉籽油与甲醇在催化剂NaOH存在下由酯交换反应制得生物柴油。在优化条件下反应50 min,转化率达到99%。生产的生物柴油,各项指标与天然柴油相似。其各项燃烧指标优于或与普通柴油相仿,满足欧洲Ⅱ排放标准。     

湖南省林木生物质能科研和产业化现状与展望

阐述了湖南省发展林木生物质能的组织管理经验、基础和优势,重点概述和分析了燃料油植物和生物柴油领域的科研和产业化现状.根据湖南省气候和资源特点,提出了湖南省发展生物质能总体规划的设想.总结分析指出,湖南省发展林木生物质能应以生物质原料为基础,重点发展生物柴油为主导产品的生物质液体燃料油(含燃料乙醇)与农林废弃物气化发电和农林废弃物颗粒混煤发电.生物质能资源培育不与人争粮争油,不与粮油作物争地,通过生物技术和常规技术选育出高产、抗旱,耐瘠的专用型能源植物品种.     

Effects of ultrasonification and mechanical stirring methods for the production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil

This study was conducted to compare the effects of ultrasonic energy and mechanical stirring methods in bio-diesel production from rapeseed oil under base catalysis conditions. With the transesterification of rapeseed oil, the molar ratio of methanol to vegetable oil was 6: 1, and the amount of catalysts added to the vegetable oil was 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0% (wt/wt). The main components of methyl esters from the transesterification of rapeseed oil were oleic acid (48.5%, C18:1) and linoleic acid (18.1%, C18:2). In addition, the optimum conditions to produce fatty acid methyl esters (96.6%) were 0.5% KOH after 25 min of ultrasonification at 40 °C as compared to mechanical stirring at 60 °C. The maximum conversion ratio was 75.6% with 1.0% NaOH after 40 min of ultrasonification at 40 °C. These results indicate that ultrasonic energy could be a valuable tool for transesterification of fatty acids from rapeseed oil in terms of the reaction time and temperature.     

我国生物柴油产业链发展前景

分析国内外石油基柴油和生物柴油市场后指出,发展生物柴油已势在必行.分析了生物柴油原料来源与生产成本,通过两个生物柴油项目投资效益分析,提出了投资建议.     

我国生物柴油的研究现状分析

在总结生物柴油的原料、生产方法和研究动态的基础上,比较了几种常见植物油与矿物柴油的理化特性和各种生物柴油的生产方法的优缺点及生物柴油专利申请情况与柴油价格的关系,提出:(1)几种植物油的理化特性与柴油的相比存在一定差异,而植物油之间差异不大,它们用于生产生物柴油的研究方法可以相互借鉴;(2)生物柴油的研究形势与0#柴油的价格密切相关,就各种方法看,酯交换反应法是最受关注的方法;(3)生产生物柴油的方法各有优缺点,但酯交换反应法由于其适应性强、反应条件要求不高等,是目前最经济最有优势的方法,但此法仍需改进。     

我国生物柴油产业链发展前景

分析国内外石油基柴油和生物柴油市场后指出,发展生物柴油已势在必行。分析了生物柴油原料来源与生产成本,通过两个生物柴油项目投资效益分析,提出了投资建议。     

Conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel using ferric sulfate and supercritical methanol processes

In this comparative study, conversion of waste cooking oil to methyl esters was carried out using the ferric sulfate and the supercritical methanol processes. A two-step transesterification process was used to remove the high free fatty acid contents in the waste cooking oil (WCO). This process resulted in a feedstock to biodiesel conversion yield of about 85-96% using a ferric sulfate catalyst. In the supercritical methanol transesterification method, the yield of biodiesel was about 50-65% in only 15 min of reaction time. The test results revealed that supercritical process method is probably a promising alternative method to the traditional two-step transesterification process using a ferric sulfate catalyst for waste cooking oil conversion. The important variables affecting the methyl ester yield during the transesterification reaction are the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, the catalyst amount and the reaction temperature. The analysis of oil properties, fuel properties and process parameter optimization for the waste cooking oil conversion are also presented.