一种锌基复合絮凝剂的制备研究

以氯化锌、氯化铝、盐酸和聚丙烯酰胺为主要原料,制备了无机-有机锌基复合絮凝剂.以浊度去除率为考察指标,探讨了制备过程中ZnCl2、AlCl3、PAM和HCl的投加量对锌基复合絮凝剂絮凝效果的影响.结果表明,锌基复合絮凝剂的最佳制备条件:ZnCl2质量分数为10％,AlCl3质量分数为10％,PAM质量分数为0.015％,HCl质量分数为3％.与铝盐复合絮凝剂和铁盐复合絮凝剂相比,锌基复合絮凝剂具有絮凝沉降快、污泥体积小等特点.     

A novel high polymer nanocomposite inhibitor for coal gangue spontaneous combustion prevention: A case study of Yangquan coal gangue in China

Coal gangue spontaneous combustion produces toxic and harmful gases. This research aims to study a new type of polymer nanocomposite inhibitor to prevent and control coal gangue spontaneous combustion. Nanomodification of montmorillonite (MMT) was carried out on high polymer emulsion inhibitor polyacrylamide (PAM) to improve its thermal stability and overcome the short inhibition duration problem. First, through scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and proximate analysis experiments, it was found that the coal gangue in the Yangquan mining area was prone to spontaneous combustion. Then, PAM/MMT was produced by an intercalation method. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the interval spacing of MMT increased, which was sufficient for the insertion of acrylamide monomer. The vitrification temperatures of PAM and PAM/MMT prove that PAM/MMT exhibited higher thermal stability. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments indicated that the PAM/MMT composite inhibitor agent effectively inhibited the oxidative activity of reactive groups on the coal gangue surface. As a result, PAM/MMT could suppress coal gangue oxidative spontaneous combustion, so as to reduce environmental problems caused by coal gangue spontaneous combustion. Furthermore, a spraying process is designed for the application of the inhibitor.     

一种新型景观水体絮凝剂的研究

文章研究了用无机絮凝剂硫酸铝、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和天然高分子絮凝剂壳聚糖（CTS）进行复配对景观水体的处理效果。实验结果表明：在硫酸铝、聚丙烯酰胺和壳聚糖投加量分别为99.5 mg/L、2.0 mg/L和2.0 mg/L时,絮凝效果最佳,CODCr和浊度的去除率可分别达67.4%与91.0%,与传统的Al2（SO4）3-PAM絮凝剂相比,CODCr和浊度的去除率分别提高了13.8%和4.7%,而且大大减轻了硫酸铝和聚丙烯酰胺对环境的二次污染,具有明显的环境效益。     

大淑村选煤厂煤泥水沉降试验研究

通过分析大淑村选煤厂煤泥水性质,说明选煤厂溢流水含有大量极细粒黏土矿物,导致煤泥水沉降效果差,介耗增加,选煤生产无法正常运行。针对以上问题,选煤厂选用聚合氯化铝（PAC）为凝聚剂,聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为絮凝剂,研究了药剂对煤泥水沉降效果的影响,确定了凝聚剂和絮凝剂的添加方式和最佳用量,并选用聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）代替PAC进行对照试验,验证PAC和PAM药剂组合的沉降效果。结果表明：随着凝聚剂用量的增加,煤泥水澄清效果逐渐变好,煤泥压缩效果变差;随着絮凝剂用量的增加,煤泥水沉降速度增加,煤泥压缩效果先增加后降低。PAC＋PAM是大淑村选煤厂的最佳药剂组合,PAM用量为500～700g／t,PAC用量为25～30kg／t时,煤泥水沉降效果最好。试验对改进大淑村选煤厂煤泥水沉降效果具有一定的指导意义。     

季铵型阳离子田菁胶与聚丙烯酰胺在处理生活污水中的絮凝效果比较研究

从田菁胶及其衍生物系列中优选出了一种新型高分子絮凝剂一季铵型阳离子田菁胶（QACSG）,并对QACSG和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）在处理生活污水中的絮凝效果作了系统比较。研究结果表明：在相同的混凝条件下（以聚合硫酸铁为主混凝剂）,QACSG的最佳投药量仅为PAM的三分之二,而浊度去除率和COD去除率分别提高了20％～30％和5％～10％,处理后的废水达到了国家一级排放标准。     

Development and performance study of a novel physicochemical composite inhibitor for the prevention of coal gangue spontaneous combustion

To overcome the short inhibition life of currently available inhibitors, a high polymer nanocomposite inhibitor was developed. The spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal gangue from the Yangquan mining area were studied through proximate analysis, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS), and thermogravimetric analysis. As a result, the coal gangue was found to be prone to spontaneous combustion. Temperature-programmed oxidation experiments showed that the average inhibition rates of Ca (OH)₂ or polyacrylamide (PAM) were 30.99% and 30.95%, respectively. During testing, when the temperature of the coal gangue exceeded 160°C, the CO production and oxygen consumption rate of the sample with PAM increased dramatically, proving that the PAM inhibition effect was short-lived with elevating temperature, whereas the inhibition rate of polyacrylamide/montmorillonite (PAM/MMT) was significantly increased to 47.70%. In addition, the CO production and oxygen consumption rates were significantly reduced in the late oxidation period, proving that the addition of MMT was able to effectively improve the high-temperature resistance of the PAM. Different concentrations of PAM/MMT were compounded with Ca (OH)₂, further improving the inhibition effect of the treatment. The inhibition effect of the PAM/MMT 3%-Ca (OH)₂ 20% composite inhibitor was the best in the study, with an inhibition rate of 83.15%.     

絮凝剂对活性污泥降解有机物及除磷的影响

为探究絮凝剂对污水生物除磷过程有机物降解及除磷的影响,以实际废水、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为探究对象,建立序批式强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统,在中温条件下研究了絮凝剂对EBPR系统的影响并能揭示相关作用机制。结果表明PAC与PAM存在能抑制化学需氧量(COD)去除,且两者同时存在时稳定时期出水COD为64~69 mg/L,相应去除效率为80.3%~81.5%,显著低于空白组。单独PAC与PAM对氨氮抑制不明显,而当PAC与PAM同时存在时,氨氮去除效率被显著抑制。絮凝剂提高污泥中胞外聚合物含量,且增加蛋白质与多糖的比例。此外,絮凝剂抑制生物除磷效率,PAC与PAM同时存在时,出水溶解性磷酸盐(SP)为1.68 mg/L,SP去除效率降低至79%。絮凝剂抑制厌氧释磷与好氧吸磷。絮凝剂降低除磷关键酶活性并降低Betaproteobacteria相对丰度而提高Alphaproteobacteria的相对丰度。     

胺接枝絮凝剂的制备及螯合铁性能的研究

以EDTA可以螯合铁离子为研究思路,在Mannich反应机理的基础上,以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、甲醛、亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)为原料,制备了部分胺化接枝型絮凝剂,并对其螯合铁性能进行了研究。通过大量实验考察了絮凝剂合成的最佳条件和螯合铁的最佳条件。在pH9～10,反应物配比PAM∶甲醛∶亚氨基二乙酸=1∶1.1∶0.7,50℃反应3 h合成的絮凝剂接枝率最高,絮凝效果可达92%;用该絮凝剂处理325 g/L的模拟含铁废水,结果表明该絮凝剂具有螯合铁的能力,为除铁研究提供了新的思路和方法。     

响应曲面法复配混凝剂处理海上生产返排液

将聚硅酸铝铁（PASF）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）、纳米零价铁（nZVI）以及活性炭等材料复配制备复合混凝剂。在单因素实验基础上,以处理后海上生产返排液水质浊度和化学需氧量（COD）含量为评价指标,探究m(PSAF)/m(PAM)、复配温度以及复配熟化时间对复合混凝剂制备的影响。采用Box-Behnken响应曲面法,以COD含量为响应值建立数学模型,优化复配制备工艺参数,结果表明：数学模型显著,拟合度良好,可以用来分析及预测复合混凝剂的性能;最佳工艺参数为m(PSAF)/m(PAM)=14.63、复配温度=70℃和复配熟化时间=3.02h;验证结果COD含量为756.54mg/L,实验值与预测值偏差仅为2.14%。现场实验表明该复合混凝剂可以将海上生产返排液水质浊度、COD含量、含油量以及氨氮含量分别降低96.74%、94.35%、75.77%和74.27%,达到了进入生化处理系统的要求。     

聚丙烯酰胺和氯化钙复合体系处理高浓度洗煤废水的研究

选择合适的絮凝剂对煤矿洗煤废水的絮凝处理具有决定性意义,可实现保护环境、废水可持续利用及节省成本的多重意义。本文针对江西省某煤矿高浓度洗煤废水的特点,提出了采用聚丙烯酰胺加氯化钙絮凝剂的复合处理工艺,运行结果表明,经工艺处理的洗煤废水符合相关标准要求,可回收循环使用,在技术和经济上都可行。     

芬顿-絮凝联合处理高浓度有机物海水的试验研究

为了使盐场晒盐池海水能用于海水淡化,针对有机物浓度较高的盐池海水进行了芬顿-絮凝联合预处理试验。选取聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为絮凝剂,考察Fe SO4·7H2O和H2O2用量、芬顿反应条件和絮凝剂用量等参数对CODMn和浊度去除效果的影响。结果表明,在氧化阶段p H值为4,Fe SO4·7H2O投加量为125 mg/L,H2O2投加量为50 mg/L,反应时间为60 min,PAM投加量为1 mg/L,海水CODMn和浊度去除率分别为59.6%和96.2%,均较单独采用传统絮凝技术有较大提高。     

河道疏浚底泥余水强化絮凝处理工艺优化与机理

从三种絮凝剂氯化铁FeCl3、硫酸铝Al2(SO4)3和聚合氯化铝(PAC)中优选出FeCl3用于处理重庆梁滩河疏浚底泥的余水。考察了在混凝剂FeCl3与助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)不同投加量下,强化絮凝对水中浊度、悬浮固体浓度(SS)以及COD的去除效果。探讨并分析了Zeta电位和粒径分布对疏浚底泥余水处理效果的影响。研究结果表明:当余水Zeta电位绝对值接近于零时,采用强化絮凝的处理效果较好;达到同样处理效果,平均粒径较小的河流疏浚底泥余水所需的絮凝剂和助凝剂的投加量较小。     

天然改性植物阳离子絮凝剂对洗煤废水的处理研究

基于洗煤废水对环境所造成的危害,研究了一种以植物木粉为原料,通过与醚化剂接枝共聚制得的易降解、且不产生二次污染的天然改性植物阳离子絮凝剂。其对洗煤废水的处理,研究表明,常温下,当pH=6～8,该絮凝剂和聚铝的投入量分别为10 mg/L和5 mg/L时,洗煤废水的浊度、CODCr、固体悬浮物的去除率分别可达到96.8%6,9.3%9,7.9%。     

Synthesis,characterization and application of novel polyacrylamide‐grafted barley

Polyacrylamide‐grafted barley (BAR‐g‐PAM) was synthesized by ceric ion‐based conventional method. The grafting of polyacrylamide chains on the polysaccharide backbone was confirmed through various physicochemical techniques such as intrinsic viscosity measurement, ¹³C‐NMR spectra, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy morphology, thermogravimetric analysis study, number‐average molecular weight, and aqueous solubility. Furthermore, flocculation efficacy of the graft copolymers was studied in coal fine suspension through “jar test” procedure, toward its possible application as a novel flocculant for treatment of coal washery effluent. BAR‐g‐PAM is reported as a novel flocculant that can be used for bulk treatment of coal washery effluents. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41046.     

Characterization and flocculation evaluation of a new organic–inorganic hybrid polymer flocculant (PAC-AM-DMC)

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid flocculant PAC-AM-DMC is synthesized using potassium persulfate as an initiator, which was used in industrial wastewater treatment. Comparing with the traditional inorganic flocculant, this new flocculant has the advantage of low dosage and high efficiency. Simultaneously, it is less toxic and more environmentally friendly than the organic flocculant. The organic–inorganic hybrid flocculant PAC-AM-DMC demonstrates better flocculation than the commercial single type flocculant (PAC, PAM), and the effect is better than simply combining the two flocculants. It has potential for commercialization. When PAC:(AM + DMC) = 2:8, the initiator is 0.2 wt%, and the flocculant obtained by reacting at 50°C for 4 h has the best effect on sewage treatment. When the pH is 7, the treatment effect of PAC-AM-DMC is best with the dosage of 10 ppm. Correspondingly, the amount of flocculant is 10 mg/L, and the turbidity of simulated sewage is 172 nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU), which is over 98% of turbidity removal efficiency. In addition, the prepared hybrid flocculant is nearly non-corrosive and posed little damage to the equipment. And the hybrid flocculant has excellent salt resistance.     

造纸黑液混凝处理中助凝剂的替代性研究

造纸黑液的处理常采用聚合氯化铝（PAC）作混凝剂、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）作助凝剂。但是PAM价格很高,本文目的在于寻求一种PAM替代物。通过混凝实验比较,采用粉煤灰或高岭土作为助凝剂可以与PAM作为助凝剂达到相当的污染物去除效果。采用粉煤灰或高岭土作为助凝剂可以大大降低生产运行成本。     

生物流化床-化学絮凝法处理纸浆漂白废水

使用内循环三相生物流化床处理纸浆含氯漂白废水,经过40d左右的驯化,COD、BOD去除率达到70%以上,色度去除达到70%左右,AOX去除率达到60%左右,后续絮凝处理采用聚铁铝(PFAC)作为絮凝剂,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为助凝剂,出水COD为80mg/L左右,BOD为20mg/L左右,AOX<1mg/L,色度为120C.U。     

胺接枝螯合絮凝剂的制备及其除铅性能研究

研究了以聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、甲醛、二乙烯三胺(DETA)为原料,按照Mannich反应机理制备部分胺化接枝型螯合作用絮凝剂(CFA)及其从水中除铅性能。基于在聚丙烯酰胺的分子长链上引入具有螯合作用的基团,使得该螯合絮凝剂既具有捕捉Pb2+离子螯合作用又具有絮凝作用,因此可用于从低浓度含铅废水中絮凝沉降除铅。实验考察了螯合絮凝剂合成及从含铅废水中除铅的的最佳条件。结果表明,该螯合絮凝剂合成条件易于掌握、工艺简单易行、除铅快速、操作简便,对含铅50 mg/L的模拟含铅废水,以絮凝剂比废水为1∶125(体积比)加量,经絮凝沉淀后,可去除90%以上的铅,除铅效果明显。获得了一种新的、低成本的从含铅废水中去除铅的材料和方法。     

絮凝剂复配处理城镇生活污水的实验研究

以实际生活污水为实验对象,利用絮凝剂PAC、PFS、CTS、阴离子PAM和阳离子PAM进行两组分或三组分复合,找出复配方案在提高COD去除率的同时降低PAC的用量。在5min搅拌,15min沉淀的短时絮凝实验中,絮凝剂复配后的絮凝效果普遍比单独加PAC好,PAC和阳离子PAM复配的COD去除率比单独加PAC高18%,成本下降40%。通过合理的絮凝剂复配能提高絮凝效果,减少絮凝剂用量,降低出水的铝离子浓度。     

阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,采用光引发聚合技术合成了阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM),对CPAM的絮凝性能进行了研究。结果表明,CPAM的最佳药剂用量为2~4 g/m3,当阳离子度CD值为5%时,CPAM的絮凝效果最好;用PAM、PHP、CPAM处理望峰岗选煤厂的煤泥水,处理效果依次为CPAM>PHP>PAM。