胶磷矿重介质分选工艺的研究与实践

分析了宜昌地区胶磷矿石的性质,并理论分析了重介质旋漉器分选磷矿的可选性及理论指标,介绍了分选磷矿用重介质旋流器及配套工艺的研究、应用和改进.此外还分析了生产应用中存在的问题,并系统总结了重介质旋流器分选磷矿的科研成果.     

我国磷资源的现状及开发利用对策

介绍我国磷矿资源开发利用现状,对磷矿控矿、成矿及分布进行预测分析,提出了我国磷矿开发利用的对策和建议.     

KYF、XCF型浮选机的选磷实践

为适应磷矿选矿的工艺要求,对KYF型及XCF型浮选机的充气控制、叶轮结构、主轴套简、中间箱及尾矿箱进行了改进,还对风机的选型及风路设计进行了优化,使其成功地取代了黄麦岭磷矿原用的5A浮选机,取得了明显的节能和省药效果。     

工业磷酸分解磷矿影响因素及副产物性质研究

为改进湿法磷酸生产工艺,提高副产磷石膏的品质,减少湿法磷酸固体副产物堆存产生的经济和环境压力,进行了工业磷酸分解磷矿制磷酸的实验,同时对固体副产物的性质进行了分析。工业磷酸分解磷矿制磷酸的工艺分为两步：第一步,工业磷酸与磷矿反应,得到磷酸二氢钙溶液和酸不溶渣;第二步,浓硫酸与磷酸二氢钙溶液反应,得到磷酸溶液和高纯石膏。采用单因素实验考察了酸比（工业磷酸用量与理论磷酸用量的物质的量的比值）、磷矿粒度、反应温度和反应时间对磷矿中磷浸出率的影响。得到磷矿酸解适宜工艺条件：酸比为6.8,磨矿细度为小于0.074 mm粒级占60%,反应温度为50 ℃,反应时间为2.5 h。在此条件下,磷矿中磷的浸出率可达87.69%。磷矿酸解制磷酸产生的固体副产物中石膏占35.32%（质量分数）、酸不溶渣占64.68%（质量分数）。制备的高纯石膏的纯度为95.80%,工业利用价值较高,有利于提高湿法磷酸固体副产物的利用率。     

白云石与胶磷矿纯矿物浮选行为差异研究

针对贵州海相沉积型磷矿石类型,在对白云石和胶磷矿纯矿物进行多元素分析的基础上,分别进行了白云石和胶磷矿纯矿物浮选试验,研究了白云石-胶磷矿体系中矿物浮选行为差异,探讨了不同pH值、抑制剂种类及用量、捕收剂用量对胶磷矿和白云石浮选分离的作用,确定了较为合适的药剂用量,为有效分选白云石和胶磷矿奠定了基础。     

稳定控制磷酸二铵产品颜色的研究

随着磷矿资源的逐渐枯竭,磷矿组成变化,磷酸二铵产品颜色杂花,不稳定。为稳定控制产品颜色,根据磷矿成分的变化,通过一系列实验,对稳定控制磷酸二铵产品颜色进行了研究,探讨如何稳定翠绿色磷酸二铵产品。通过采取稳定磷源、合理配矿、磷酸预处理、磷铵工艺改进等措施,使磷铵产品稳定控制为翠绿色。     

磷矿捕收剂的进展

本文对改性脂肪酸、醚胺、两性捕收剂、酰胺羧酸、二膦酸等磷矿选矿捕收剂作了介绍,并提出了对改进磷矿捕收剂的一些着法。     

磷矿正反浮选产品粒度分布与存在问题分析(Ⅰ)——清水流程实验

通过对浮选产品的粒度分析,指出了某磷矿正反浮选连续性实验存在的问题,并提出了改进建议.     

我国磷矿资源分析与开发利用

概述了我国磷矿资源及开发利用现状,即资源不丰富、分布集中、富矿少、贫矿多、难选矿多、开采难度大。对未来磷矿资源的开发利用趋势进行了分析预测,对转变磷矿资源开发利用方式提出了相关建议和意见。     

分选磷矿用重介质旋流器的研究与实践

通过对旋流器的结构和工艺参数的研究及改进,提出了分选磷矿用重介质旋流器.采用两段式结构,通过调整重介旋流器的锥比、安装角度,并将一段旋流器由圆筒型变为一定角度的锥型,实现了高密度磷矿石的有效分选.采用Fluent数值模拟软件对新型分选磷矿用重介质旋流器与传统重介质旋流器进行了对比研究,且介绍了新型磷矿旋流器的分选工艺和应用情况.     

220 kt/a料浆法磷铵联产装置概况

简要介绍了220 kt/a料浆法磷铵与重钙、磷酸二铵(DAP)装置联产装置的特点和考核指标。考核表明,磷酸一铵(MAP)装置能达到设计能力,产品质量指标、原材料和公用工程指标达到设计指标,工业卫生指标达到国家要求指标。     

高纯磷酸盐的应用、生产工艺及分析方法研究进展

近年来,随着对食品级、医药级、电子级和半导体级等高纯磷酸盐的需求日益增加,发展并进一步完善高纯磷酸盐的生产工艺、提高磷酸盐产品纯度、建立产品技术指标及分析检测方法对日益发展的高纯磷酸盐产业具有重要意义.综述了高纯磷酸盐的应用领域、主要生产工艺和纯化方法,以及国内外高纯磷酸盐技术指标对比及分析检测方法,主要以磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)为例进行说明.     

全国磷矿磷肥运输网络系统研究

根据我国磷矿、磷肥运输网络的现状及特点,运用系统工程原理,采用图论方法和数据库技术,建立了全国磷矿、磷肥运输网络计算机系统。该系统可生成铁路运输、水路运输、铁水联运等多种运输方式下的费用最少路径及其他任意路径或两者的混合路径,并计算出相应运距、运价等数据。该研究在"七五"国家重点科技攻关项目"全国磷资源开发系统研究"中已获满意的应用。     

Interactive transport of guanidinylated poly(propylene imine)-based dendrimers through liposomal and cellular membranes

The ability of guanidinylated poly(propylene imine) dendrimers to translocate across lipid bilayers was assessed by employing either a model phosphate-bearing liposomal membrane system or A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Two dendrimer generations, differing in the number of surface guanidinium groups, were employed, while surface acetylation or the use of spacers affected the binding of the guanidinium group to the phosphate moiety and finally the transport efficiency. Following adhesion of dendrimers with liposomes, fusion or transport occurred. Transport through the liposomal bilayer was observed at low guanidinium/phosphate molar ratios, and was enhanced when the bilayer was in the liquid-crystalline phase. For effective transport through the liposomal membrane, an optimum balance between the binding strength and the degree of hydrophobicity of the guanidinylated dendrimer is required. In experiments performed in vitro with cells, efficient penetration and internalization in subcellular organelles and cytosol was observed.     

Kinetic model for effects of ethanol and phosphate on cell growth and emulsan production inAcinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1

A mathematical kinetic model was proposed to describe the cell growth and the emulsan production in batch cultivations ofAcinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1. Ethanol and phosphate concentrations were chosen as the key variables, which affected the cell growth and emulsan production in the batch cultivations. The cell growth was inhibited by high concentrations of ethanol and was slightly affected by intracellular phosphate level. And the emulsan production was related to the intracellular phosphate level dependent upon the extracellular phosphate concentration. Kinetic model for the cell growth was formulated using the ethanol inhibition term and the intracellular phosphate level. The relationship between extracellular and intracelluiar phosphate level was expressed by the concept of active transport. Kinetic model for the emulsan production was represented using growth-associated term and intracellular phosphate inhibition term. Release of emulsan was presumed as the primary release from the surface of viable cell and the secondary release by cell lysis. The model predicted the experimental results with good agreement.     

EDTA容量法测定饲料级磷酸三钙中的钙含量

研究了以三乙醇胺及磺基水杨酸消除干扰离子的影响,在pH≈13的条件下,以钙黄绿素 甲基百里香酚蓝为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定,快速测定钙含量的方法。经试验,用该方法测定饲料级磷酸三钙中的钙含量,相对标准偏差为0.14%～0.35%,回收率为99.6%～100.4%。该法简便、快速、准确,能满足饲料级磷酸三钙中钙含量的快速测定。     

硫酸脲分解磷矿反应动力学

通过硫酸脲分解磷矿的搅拌强度和磷矿粒度实验,探讨其中的传递过程。实验研究表明,硫酸脲分解磷矿为典型的缩芯反应,反应过程受产物形成的固膜扩散所控制,在排除液相扩散和反应粒子表面及微孔影响下,进行反应动力学实验。建立了硫酸脲与磷矿反应的动力学模型,由实验数据求得动力学参数,其反应活化能为12．73kJ／mol。     

半水-二水湿法磷酸生产半水料浆发黏的原因分析与解决措施

半水-二水湿法磷酸生产因磷矿品质不稳定,工艺指标控制范围窄,易引起半水料浆发黏,影响装置生产.通过提高磷矿品质、稳定萃取料浆液相剩余硫酸浓度及合理控制循环料浆量等方法实现了装置正常、稳定运行.     

浮选磷矿尾矿再选试验探索

云南某磷矿浮选尾矿主要矿物为胶磷矿,脉石矿物为石英-硅酸盐类矿物。对该浮选尾矿进行工艺矿物学研究和再磨再选试验,结果表明,可以获得磷精矿品位26.96%,回收率65.79%,尾矿磷品位4.72%的良好指标。     

Removal of phosphate by foam-immobilized Phormidium laminosum in batch and continuous-flow bioreactors

Free-living and polyvinyl foam-immobilized cells of Phormidium laminosum were studied for their phosphate uptake characteristics. Initial phosphate uptake rates yielded hyperbolic curves when plotted against the external phosphate concentration, indicating the existence of a saturatable transport system. The phosphate uptake rates of N-starved free-living cyano-bacteria were also examined and showed that N-starvation led to lower uptake rates. The addition of nitrate to N-starved cyanobacteria markedly increased phosphate uptake. Phosphate uptake by free and immobilized cyanobacteria was inhibited in the dark and stimulated by the presence of calcium ions or bicarbonate. No phosphate uptake was observed when a chelating agent, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), was added to the cultures. Several bioreactors were established for initial studies in using immobilized cyanobacteria for the removal of phosphate from water. Three different types of batch fluidized-bed, as well as two continuous-flow bioreactors (i.e. fluidized- and packed-bed), were examined. Although cyanobacteria immobilized on the polymer foams did not show high phosphate uptake efficiencies, simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from water by means of N-starved immobilized cyano-bacteria appeared to be a promising possibility for future development.