头发对水中阳离子染料的吸附特性

采用静态吸附法对比了2种阴离子染料和2种阳离子染料在头发上的吸附能力,并测定了头发对阳离子染料碱性品红和亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学和吸附等温线,用准一级、二级动力学模型和Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附模型进行拟合,计算了热力学参数。结果表明,头发对阳离子染料吸附能力较强,而对阴离子染料吸附能力较差,这主要和头发表面与染料之间电性引力有关。头发对碱性品红和亚甲基蓝在中、碱性条件下吸附效果较好,120 min达到吸附平衡,相同条件下,吸附量:亚甲基蓝>碱性品红。准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型能较好地描述头发对阳离子染料的吸附过程。吸附热力学参数计算结果表明,该吸附是一种自发、吸热、以多分子层吸附为主的物理过程。     

化学师范专业活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝综合实验

为提高化学(师范)专业学生的综合实验能力,设计了"活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝"物理化学综合实验.以活性炭为吸附剂,亚甲基蓝( MB) 为吸附质,考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、 温度对活性炭去除亚甲基蓝的影响.探讨了水溶液中活性炭固体颗粒吸附阳离子有机染料亚甲基蓝的吸附热力学(吸附等温线类型)、吸附动力学方程和盐酸脱附条件.结果表明,活性炭对亚甲基蓝染料的热力学吸附行为符合 Langmuir 等温吸附方程,其动力学吸附行为符合准一级动力学方程.选择1:1浓盐酸未能有效的将吸附的亚甲基蓝脱附.     

凹凸棒石烧结硅藻土多孔陶器及吸附亚甲基蓝性能

以硅藻土和凹凸棒石粘土为原料,烧结硅藻土／凹凸棒石多孔陶器。采用X射线衍射分析（ XRD）和扫描电镜（ SEM）等手段对样品进行表征,并从吸附亚甲基蓝性能评估材料对印染废水的吸附性能。结果表明：硅藻土和凹凸棒石粘土质量比为20∶80,850℃烧结得到样品保留有硅藻土多孔构造,凹凸棒石相转变为顽火辉石相;样品吸水率为41．12％,抗折强度为2．76 MPa以及收缩率为4．95％。对亚甲基蓝溶液吸附实验表明：样品对亚甲基蓝溶液有较好吸附效果,吸附量为3．634 mg／g。     

改性凹凸棒石黏土对低浓度磷的吸附热力学

通过静态吸附实验,研究了凹凸棒石黏土经改性后对水溶液中低浓度磷的吸附热力学特性,测定了288～318K范围内的吸附等温线。结果表明:改性凹凸棒石黏土对水溶液中低浓度磷的吸附符合Langmuir等温方程。根据热力学函数关系计算出吸附过程的焓变(△H)为47.65kJ/mol,吸附Gibbs自由能(△G)为–21.46～–30.46kJ/mol,表明改性凹凸棒石黏土对水溶液中低浓度磷的吸附是自发的吸热过程,是物理吸附和化学吸附并存的过程。吸附熵变(△S)为35.13J/(mol·K),表明该吸附过程是熵增过程。     

TiO_2/壳聚糖水凝胶膜对亚甲基蓝的吸附热力学研究

将纳米二氧化钛超声分散在水中,加入到聚乙烯醇和壳聚糖交联制得的水凝胶薄膜中,制备纳米二氧化钛改性壳聚糖水凝胶薄膜。该水凝胶薄膜具有良好的吸水性能和力学性能,并对亚甲基蓝染料具有一定的吸附性。通过研究吸附热力学可以得到,ΔG 0,ΔH 0,|ΔH|=138.925 72kJ/mol,即吸附为自发放热过程,且对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程主要是化学吸附。     

黄原胶接枝聚丙烯酸水凝胶的合成及吸附性能——对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附行为

以黄原胶和丙烯酸为原料,N,N’一亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂在水溶液中制得黄原胶接枝聚丙烯酸水凝胶,研究了其对阳离子染料MB（亚甲基蓝）的吸附行为,及对MB@吸附热力学。结果表明,XG—g—PAA水凝胶对MB的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,其相关系数为0．9949i。     

二氧化钛悬浆体系光催化降解4BS染料的研究

以高压汞灯为光源,在TiO2粉末悬浮体系内,初步研究了水溶液中直接耐酸大红4BS染料的半导体光催化降解及各种影响因素。研究结果表明,4BS染料在pH为3．5左右时降解较为适宜,4BS染料脱 随时间的变化呈现先快后慢的趋势,染料初始浓度对脱色率的影响符合线性递减的规律,适宜的催化剂用量应略大于1．5g/L。     

蛋壳膜吸附脱色处理水溶性染料

以蛋壳膜作吸附剂,对曙红等4种不同结构的水溶性染料分子的单水溶液进行吸附脱色研究。探讨了蛋壳膜用量、溶液pH值、吸附时间及温度对吸附脱色的影响。结果表明：蛋壳膜对水溶性染料的吸附宜在酸性条件下进行,在最佳条件下,蛋壳膜对曙红、铬黑T的脱色率达95%以上,对亚甲基蓝和甲基紫吸附效果不理想,说明蛋壳膜本身对含甲基类染料吸附能力较低。此研究利用了废弃的蛋壳膜,解决染色废液的处理问题,对于蛋壳膜的开发利用以及染料废水的脱色处理寻找到了新的途径。     

硅藻土对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究进展

亚甲基蓝是染料业和印染业常用的一种阳离子染料,每年产生大量含亚甲基蓝的废水。硅藻土是一种比表面积大,稳定性好且全球储量丰富的天然非金属矿物。硅藻土可通过物理吸附对废水中的亚甲基蓝进行脱色,本文总结了硅藻土吸附亚甲基蓝的实验研究进展。得出分子筛、SO~(2-)_4/SnO_2-Fe_2O_3、粘土和坡缕石硅藻土复合物对亚甲基蓝的去除率均达到99%以上。硅藻土复合物作为吸附剂,操作简便,耗能低,吸附效果好,是实际生产中较为理想的亚甲基蓝吸附剂。     

PP/共聚酯共混纤维染色热力学研究

采用聚丙烯(PP)与常压阳离子染料可染共聚酯共混纺丝,共混纤维在不同温度(100,117℃)和不 同的阳离子蓝X-GRRL染料浓度中染色至饱和,研究了共混纤维各种染色热力学参数。共混纤维在该染料 染浴中100℃时的染色标准亲和力为-7.94 kJ／mol,100～117℃的染色热为4.21kJ／mol,100℃时的染色熵 为-10.0J／(mol·K)。     

坡缕石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学

研究了坡缕石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学,在初始浓度为120～210mg/L,转速为100～200r/min,温度为298～328K时,坡缕石对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级速率方程.结果表明:坡缕石对亚甲基蓝的吸附仅在外表面吸附,吸附表观活化能为13.92 kJ/mol,说明此吸附并不是由单一的化学吸附为速率控制步骤,是由化学吸附和液膜扩散共同控制的吸附过程.     

薇甘菊粉末吸附亚甲基蓝和碱性品红的性能研究

以薇甘菊为原料,经粉碎制成不同粒径的粉末吸附剂。探究其对亚甲基蓝（MB）和碱性品红（BF）的吸附性能,研究发现薇甘菊粉末吸附亚甲基蓝和碱性品红的最佳投加量分别为20和10 g/L,最佳粒径为0.3~0.45 mm,pH值为5,温度40 ℃,振荡吸附时间40 min,此条件下,薇甘菊粉末对亚甲基蓝和碱性品红的吸附量分别为4.870和9.729 mg/g。利用准一级、准二级动力学方程模拟了薇甘菊粉末吸附亚甲基蓝和碱性品红的动力学过程,结果表明：薇甘菊粉末吸附亚甲基蓝和碱性品红的过程符合准二级动力学模型。计算了吸附过程中的焓变（ΔH^⊖）、吉布斯自由能（ΔG^⊖）、熵变（ΔS^⊖）等热力学参数,薇甘菊粉末吸附亚甲基蓝和碱性品红过程中ΔG^⊖在-2.13~-1.58和-4.66~-1.63 kJ/mol之间,ΔS^⊖分别为0.034和59.25 J/（mol·K）,ΔH^⊖分别为0.0099和14.75 kJ/mol,薇甘菊粉末吸附2种染料的ΔG^⊖均小于0,ΔH^⊖、ΔS^⊖均大于0,说明薇甘菊粉末吸附2种染料的过程是一个自发的趋于无序的吸热过程。     

椰壳活性炭对加替沙星的吸附及缓释性能研究

研究了水溶液中椰壳活性炭对喹诺酮药物加替沙星（GTFX）的吸附性能,测定了不同温度下的吸附等温线并分析了其吸附热力学参数。结果表明：活性炭对加替沙星的吸附符合Freundlich方程,ΔH=-1.7374kJ/mol,说明活性炭对GTFX的吸附过程为放热过程,且ΔH<20kJ/mol,表明吸附过程主要为物理吸附。同时,测得吉布斯自由能ΔG<0,表明吸附质从溶液到吸附剂表面的吸附过程是自发过程,其吸附主要是熵驱动。对椰壳活性炭进行了硝酸及氨水改性,研究了3种不同活性炭对GTFX的缓释性能,结果显示,与椰壳活性炭相比,经硝酸氧化改性后的活性炭缓释性能有较大的提升,而经氨水改性的活性炭缓释性能有所下降,3种不同活性炭对GTFX的缓释均符合Higuchi方程释药模式。     

介孔硅酸钙吸附亚甲基蓝性能研究

以煤矸石提铝尾渣制得的介孔硅酸钙为吸附材料,研究了介孔硅酸钙对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。考察了亚甲基蓝溶液pH、吸附剂添加量、吸附时间和吸附温度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,介孔硅酸钙对亚甲基蓝表现出良好的吸附性能,在298 K、pH=11、介孔硅酸钙投加量为0.2 g/L、吸附时间为60 min条件下,亚甲基蓝的去除率达87.33%。介孔硅酸钙对亚甲基蓝的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir 吸附等温线方程,吸附方式为单分子层吸附,饱和吸附量为89.68 mg/g。吸附过程为熵增加的自发过程,升温有利于吸附。吸附焓变ΔH为62.72 kJ/mol,介孔硅酸钙对亚甲基蓝的吸附以化学吸附为主。     

Adsorptive Removal of Rhodamine B with Activated Carbon Obtained from Okra Wastes

This study aimed at preparing and optimizing an activated carbon (OAC) obtained from dry okra wastes by chemical activation with zinc chloride. Also, Rhodamine B removal performance from aqueous solution was analyzed by using this optimized activated carbon. The characterization of the resultant activated carbon, with a high surface area of 1044?m²/g, was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model, t-plot, N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, density functional theory, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the point of zero charge. Furthermore, the effects of operating conditions (contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and pH) on Rhodamine B adsorption onto OAC were investigated. Langmuir model was determined to be the best adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 321.50?mg/g at 25°C. Also, the intraparticle diffusion and boundary layer diffusion were involved in RhB adsorption onto OAC. Moreover, OAC adsorption curves of Rhodamine B followed pseudo second-order model. At 25°C, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy obtained from thermodynamic studies were determined to be ?27.87?kJ/mol, 13.03?kJ/mol, and 0.15?kJ/mol K, respectively. These thermodynamic values revealed that Rhodamine B adsorption onto OAC was feasible, endothermic, physical, and spontaneous.     

花生壳活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

研究了花生壳活性炭对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明,花生壳活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)具有良好的吸附作用。常温下,0.1g花生壳活性炭,对20mL pH为1.5,ρ[Cr(Ⅵ)]为20.0 mg/L溶液,振荡吸附120min,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达98.68%。花生壳活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合Freun-dlish吸附等温方程和一级动力学方程。吸附过程的自由能变△G<0,焓变△H>42 kJ/mol,熵变△S>0,说明花生壳活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附为自发的吸热化学过程。     

Adsorption of N-Vinylpyrrolidone from Polyvinylpyrrolidone Solution onto Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon

The adsorption of N-vinylpyrrolidone from aqueous polyvinylpyrrolidone solution using bamboo-based activated carbon was studied. The adsorption isotherms of N-vinylpyrrolidone on the carbon were determined and modeled with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The Langmuir model provides the best fitting for the equilibrium data and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was estimated to be 833.3 mg/g. The kinetics of the adsorption process of N-vinyulpyrrolidone were modeled using various equations including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, and intra-particle diffusion equations. The adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. The activation energy for the adsorption is 86.4 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were determined. The positive value of enthalpy change indicates that the adsorption process is endothermic.     

Recycling of reactive dye using semi‐interpenetrating polymer network from sodium alginate and isopropyl acrylamide

A sequence of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) were synthesized by free radical photo copolymerizing acrylic acid and isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) in aqueous sodium alginate (NaAlg). Their structures (FT‐IR), thermal stability (TG/DTG), morphology (SEM), mechanical properties, reactive blue 4 (RB 4) dye adsorption (624 mg/g) and its dying characteristics, reusability of dye and adsorbent were evaluated. TG thermograms of semi‐IPN in air revealed zero order kinetics for initial step thermal degradation with an activation energy of 68.68 kJ/mol. Dye adsorption showed best fit for Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the kinetics followed pseudo‐second‐order model. The water and dye diffusion kinetics followed non‐Fickian mechanism. The changes in thermodynamic parameters namely Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), entropy (ΔS°) and enthalpy (ΔH°) indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic process for RB 4/semi‐IPN system. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40968.     

改性竹炭对4-硝基苯酚的吸附行为研究

采用硝酸对竹炭进行改性,考察了改性竹炭对水溶液中4-硝基苯酚的吸附热力学和动力学特性。结果表明,与原竹炭相比,硝酸改性竹炭的比表面积、孔容及对4-硝基苯酚的吸附量显著提高。在实验条件下,动力学过程用二级吸附动力学模拟具有很好的线性相关性,通过二级吸附模型计算出的平衡吸附量与实验值相符。改性竹炭对4-硝基苯酚的吸附行为可用Langmuir和Freundlich等温式进行描述,相关性都较好,但更符合Langmuir公式。求得热力学参数ΔH=28.36 kJ/mol,ΔS=168.88 J/(K.mol),ΔG分别为-19.41(10℃)、-22.86(30℃)、-26.16(50℃)kJ/mol,表明改性竹炭对4-硝基苯酚的吸附是吸热、自发的过程,以物理吸附为主。     

Dye behavior of cationically treated silk

To increase the performance of silk fabrics, especially their dyeability, a cationic modifying agent, 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyl dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (HSQA), was prepared in our laboratory. The dye behavior of the cationized silk was examined with five leveling‐type acid dyes. Better color shades and good washing fastness were achieved after silk was cationized by HSQA, and it was possible to dye silk under neutral conditions at 70°C. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm and kinetic properties of the cationized silk dyed with CI Acid Orange 7 were investigated. The adsorption of CI Acid Orange 7 onto the HSQA‐cationized silk was also in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm, with an enthalpy and an entropy of −20.13 kJ/mol and −30.06 J/mol K respectively. A pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model agreed well with the dynamic behaviors for the adsorption of CI Acid Orange 7 onto the cationized silk under neutral conditions, with the activation energy decreasing from 61.87 to 53.32 kJ/mol. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008