安全轮胎与橡胶机械业(下)

首先对安全轮胎的概念给予清晰的介绍，然后从安全轮胎的发展初期开始，依次介绍了其中期及目前的发展状况。在初期和中期的介绍中，重点指出了几种主流轮胎的类型、特点及其研制厂家，而在目前状况的介绍中则侧重介绍商家的发展目的。最后，针对国际安全轮胎的发展情况，对我国安全轮胎业的发展进行了系统全面地介绍，客观地评价了我国安全轮胎的发展情况，并提出了展望。     

LJZ-DTB全钢载重子午胎动平衡测量机的研制

介绍了一种全钢载重子午胎动平衡测量机，着重介绍了这种动平衡机的性能、结构特点、适用范围，特别是自动换轮辋机构的使用，使本设备轮辋更换的劳动强度和磨损大大降低，轮辋定心精度大幅提高。还介绍了设备强大的数据处理功能。     

多角件弯曲、冲孔复合模设计

介绍了多角件弯曲、冲孔复合模，着重介绍了其结构、工作过程，并阐明了模具设计及注意事项。     

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）和聚苯乙烯树脂的市场战略：战略分析（英文）——Strategic Business Units of ABS and Polystyrene Resins：Economics for Strategic Business Units for Polystyrne and ABS Resins，2003，7，6-1-38

对聚苯乙烯和ABS树脂的生产情况做了经济分析，分4个单元介绍了生产情况：1单元介绍了苯乙烯制备聚苯乙烯的综合情况，主要介绍了BASF公司生产聚苯乙烯的情况，分析了生产能力为10万t／a GPPS，生产能力30万t／a HIPS，生产能力50万t／a苯乙烯工厂的建厂主要投资费用、生产运行费用等；2单元介绍了DOW化学公司在美国的聚苯乙烯的生产情况，     

玻璃钢复合材料基体树脂的发展现状

本文主要介绍玻璃钢复合材料基体树脂近几年发展情况，介绍基体树脂改性和应用，主要包括：不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、酚醛树脂，还简单介绍了热塑性基体树脂及应用。     

密实型钠水玻璃胶泥的探究

介绍了以糠醇树脂对钠水玻璃改性，得到的密实型钠水玻璃胶泥其物理、化学性能得到明显的改善，密实度增大、抗渗性提高，改善了对化学药品的耐蚀性，扩大了应用范围，并介绍了实验配方和实际应用情况。     

走向市场 开拓经营 加强管理 规划发展

本文介绍了该公司近几年来，以设计为依托，大力发展多种经营，兴办企业，以优质的产品、优良的服务赢得了用户，从而收到了良好的社会效益和经济效益。还介绍了对多种经营企业进行宏观指导、加强管理、规划发展的经验体会。     

多弯曲角件冲模设计

介绍了多弯曲角件冲模，着重介绍了其结构、工作过程，并阐明了模具设计及注意事项。     

纳米材料及应用技术

本书系统介绍了国内外纳米材料的发展、应用等情况，并附以图谱介绍了分析检测实例。书中第4章介绍了模拟技术在纳米材料设计、表征以及性能预测方面的研究进展与实例。第7章用大量篇幅介绍了纳米材料的应用，特别是在生物医学方面的应用。     

新型无机抗菌剂的研究现状和展望

介绍了无机抗菌剂的国内外发展现状，评述了各种无机抗菌剂的结构特点及抗菌机理，介绍了无机抗菌剂在陶瓷、塑料、纤维等方面的应用，同时探讨了无机抗菌剂存在的问题及发展趋势。     

几种杀虫剂对草坪害虫的控制效果

测定了绿僵菌、毒死蜱、辛硫磷等药剂对草坪害虫的控制效果。结果表明绿僵菌、毒死蜱和辛硫磷都是防治草坪地下害虫的有效药剂，毒死蜱和辛硫磷还能有效防治草坪茎叶害虫禾灰翅夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾等。药后45d，绿僵菌对铜绿丽金龟幼虫蛴螬的防效和对地下害虫的总防效分别为91．2％和87．6％。绿僵菌对茎叶害虫的防效较差，药后3、7、10d时，对禾灰翅夜蛾的防效分别为3．7％、9．2％和18．9％；对茎叶害虫的总防效在12．2％以下。辛硫磷和毒死蜱药后3d对禾灰翅夜蛾的防效分别是93．7％和97．6％；对茎叶害虫的总防效分别是92．0％和93．6％。当高效氯氰菊酯分别和辛硫磷、毒死蜱混用防治斜纹夜蛾时，防效更高、速效性更好。     

Association of body segments and body composition with blood pressure in young adults

Skeletal structure and body composition may be altered permanently in response to aggressions during critical periods of growth. This increases propensity to adverse effects in adulthood. The study explored the association of anthropometric variables of body size and proportions and of body composition with systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (BP) in young adults. We studied 166 men and 246 women age 20-34. SBP, DBP, weight, stature, sitting height, circumferences (waist, hip), breadths (biacromial, biiliac) and skinfolds (bicipital, tricipital, subscapular, suprailiac) were assessed. BMI, waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-stature ratio, and Sigma skinfolds-stature were calculated. Pearson correlations were determined for anthropometric variables with SBP and DBP and linear regression models for SBP and DBP were developed by sex. Correlation coefficients between indicators and BP were significant, except for stature and SBP and DPB, and WHR with DBP in women; and stature with DBP, biiliac breadth and WHR with SBP, and sitting height with SBP and DPB in men. SBP and DPB were explained by weight, BMI, and biiliac breadth in multivariable analysis in women, where 15.4% and 10.8% of variance of SBP and DPB was explained. In men, SBP was explained by weight, Sigma skinfolds and WHR, and DBP by Sigma skinfolds; models explained almost 20% of SBP and DPB variance. No association was found between BP and past malnutrition indicators. Biiliac breadth, weight and BMI in women, and weight, WHR and Sigma skinfolds in men explained BP. The use of biiliac breadth in the assessment of hypertension risk in women should be explored further.     

建筑陶瓷装饰技术的现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了建筑陶瓷领域、日用陶瓷和工艺美术陶瓷领域装饰技术的最新进展,着重介绍了引领陶瓷装饰技术发展和最新潮流的意大利、西班牙在这方面的水平和成果,他们为开放的中国从世界陶瓷大国尽快过渡到世界陶瓷强国提供了借鉴和方向。装饰技术的总体水平包括设计、装饰技法、装饰工艺、装饰材料和装饰机械装备等几大方面,其中设计是龙头,它应包括产品的图案设计、造型设计、色彩的搭配、产品的应用及展示设计等多个方面;装饰技法包括平面装饰和立体装饰、平铺和点缀、多种装饰材料的交替和组合应用等;装饰工艺包括布料(多管布料、多次布料、随机布料、微粉和干粒布料),丝网印刷(平面丝网印刷、辊筒印刷、胶辊印刷),各种施釉工艺,抛光,柔抛,釉抛和半釉抛工艺,磨边和水刀切割,拼花工艺等;装饰材料有各种色料、成釉、金属釉、干粒、印油、渗花液、喷墨印刷用耗材等;装饰机械装备包括各种装饰机械和工模具。     

A review of liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables and process modeling

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is an elastomer molded into critical performance components for applications in medical, power, consumer, automotive, and aerospace applications. This article reviews process behavior, material modeling, and simulation of the (LSR) injection molding process. Each phase of the LSR injection molding process is discussed, including resin handling, plastication, injection, pack and hold, and curing; and factors affecting the molding process are reviewed. Processing behavior of LSR is marked by transient interactions between curing, shear rate, temperature, pressure, and tooling. Therefore, current LSR models for curing, viscosity, pressure, and temperature are discussed. Process dynamics and material modeling are combined in LSR injection molding simulations with applications in mold design, troubleshooting process-induced defects, and management of shear stress and non-uniform temperatures between LSR and substrates during overmolding. Finally, case studies using commercial simulation software are presented, which have shown cavity pressure and flow front advancement within 3% of experimental values. Optimization of LSR materials, data collection, model fitting, venting, and bonding remain areas of continued interest.     

Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.     

Quantitative expression of C-type lectin receptors in humans and mice

C-type lectin receptors and their adaptor molecules are involved in the recognition of glycosylated self-antigens and pathogens. However, little is known about the species- and organ-specific expression profiles of these molecules. We therefore determined the mRNA expression levels of Dectin-1, MR1, MR2, DC-SIGN, Syk, Card-9, Bcl-10, Malt-1, Src, Dec-205, Galectin-1, Tim-3, Trem-1, and DAP-12 in 11 solid organs of human and mice. Mouse organs revealed lower mRNA levels of most molecules compared to spleen. However, Dec-205 and Galectin-1 in thymus, Src in brain, MR2, Card-9, Bcl-10, Src, and Dec-205 in small intestine, MR2, Bcl-10, Src, Galectin-1 in kidney, and Src and Galectin-1 in muscle were at least 2-fold higher expressed compared to spleen. Human lung, liver and heart expressed higher mRNA levels of most genes compared to spleen. Dectin-1, MR1, Syk and Trem-1 mRNA were strongly up-regulated upon ischemia-reperfusion injury in murine kidney. Tim3, DAP-12, Card-9, DC-SIGN and MR2 were further up-regulated during renal fibrosis. Murine kidney showed higher DAP-12, Syk, Card-9 and Dectin-1 mRNA expression during the progression of lupus nephritis. Thus, the organ-, and species-specific expression of C-type lectin receptors is different between mice and humans which must be considered in the interpretation of related studies.     

The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis,Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease

Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.     

Flame-retardant brominated styrene-based polymers. X. Dibromostyrene grafted latexes

This paper describes the synthesis, characterization, and some applications of flame-retardant dibromostyrene grafted latexes. These latexes are synthesized by an emulsion polymerization technique. One of the prime factors to be considered in the choice of a commercial latex or a latex blend to be grafted is the glass transition temperature(s) of the polymer(s) in the final latex desired. The graft latexes were characterized in terms of glass transition temperature, solids content, bromine content, grafted dibromostyrene content, and flame retardancy. They are useful for a wide range of applications, including fabric backcoatings, carpetings, paints, adhesives, sealants, caulks, nonwoven binders, etc. Presented at the 23rd Annual Waterborne, High-Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, on February 14–16, 1996, in New Orleans, LA P.O. Box 2200, West Lafayette, IN 47906. NICK A. FAVSTRITSKY is Manager of Polymers Research at Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. Dr. Favstristky received the B.S. Degree from the University of California-Berkeley, M.S. Degree from Yale, and Ph.D. from Oregon State. Prior to joining Great Lakes in 1984, he had extensive industrial R & D experience in product and process development as a research scientist and technical manager. Dr. Favstritsky carried out research in catalysis, oxidation, hydrogenation, polyester synthesis, polyester waste recovery, continuous emulsion polymerization, liquid crystal polymers, epoxy resins, and textile and tire cord fiber development. While at Great Lakes, Dr. Favstritsky and his team have been active in developing new flame retardant, polymer additives, novel coatings, water treatment chemicals, specialty monomers, and polymers. He has published more than 12 papers in the dibromostyrene-based products and (co)authored more than 35 U.S. patents and a large number of foreign patents. JIN-LIANG WANG is Project Leader at Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. Dr. Wang received the diploma in Chemical Engineering from the Taipei Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan in 1958, and M.S. Degree in Physical Organic Chemistry from Kent State University in 1966 and the Ph.D. Degree in Polymer Chemistry from the Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science at the University of Akron in 1971. He joined the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company in 1966 as Research Chemist. During Dr. Wang’s 21-year career with Goodyear, he worked on synthesis, characterization, and application of latexes, rubber, plastics and resins, chemical modification of natural and synthetic rubber and latex, synthesis of isoprene oligomers and metathesis of olefins. Dr. Wang joined Great Lakes in 1988 and his current research involves new flame-retardant latexes and polymers, compatibilizers, impact modifiers, polymer additives, block polymers, and UV stabilized polymers. He has published 23 papers and granted 13 U.S. patents with a number of foreign patents.     

Federal regulations applicable to the fatty acid industry

Recent legislation including the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the Solid Waste Disposal Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and, especially, the Toxic Substances Control Act, is having a great impact on chemical manufacturers. The burgeoning maze of rules, regulations, policy statements, implementing these acts imposes serious obligations on all those engaged in fatty acid manufacture, processing, distribution, and research and development. The Manufacturing and Processing Notices, Sec. 5, and Reporting and Retention of Information, Sec. 8, requirements of TSCA, require extensive recordkeeping and reporting, and will affect industry’s development of new products and significant new uses of products. The status of fatty chemicals on the inventory of existing chemicals and the SDA efforts in the listing of premanufacture notification are extremely important to all segments of the fatty acid and derivative industries.     

纺织品涂料印染技术的现状和发展（二）

涂料印花和染色是纺织品推行清洁加工技术,实施可持续发展的关键,当前备受关注,该文介绍了涂料印染技术的优缺点,及与涂料的类别、结构、性能的关系。例如：颜料的物理性能（颜料的颗粒大小、分布、颜料结晶、颜料颗粒表面的极性、电荷等）与颜料的强度（着色力和色光、遮盖率和透明度、分散稳定性和加工性能、印染牢度等）的关系。特别指出加工和控制这些性能的重要性,结合我国涂料印染技术的现状,需要发展一些新型涂料品种和推广印染新技术。