壳聚糖-分子筛复合物选择性吸附卷烟烟气中挥发性羰基化合物的应用研究

制备了壳聚糖-分子筛复合物,并使用扫描电镜观测了复合物的微观形态.研究了分别添加壳聚糖-分子筛复合物、4A分子筛及壳聚糖等材料的卷烟复合滤咀对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物的吸附效果.研究结果表明,添加了壳聚糖-分子筛复合物、4A分子筛及壳聚糖的卷烟滤咀对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物均有较好的吸附作用.且对焦油、烟碱量无明显影响;壳聚糖-分子筛复合物(添加量为2.4 mg·mm-1)对主流烟气中醛酮类化合物的吸附能力优于其它2种材料,该复合物对一氧化碳有一定的吸附,且对抽吸品质有改善,口感柔和,烟气刺激性降低.     

两种炭质吸附剂在去除卷烟烟气挥发性羰基化合物中的应用

研究了分别添加活性炭、竹炭卷烟复合滤咀对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物和其它有害物质(如焦油、一氧化碳等)的吸附效果。结果表明,两种吸附材料对主流烟气中低分子醛酮类化合物均有较好的吸附作用,活性炭的吸附能力优于竹炭,对抽吸品质有所改善,口感柔和,刺激性气味降低。     

活性炭与壳聚糖对卷烟主流烟气中挥发性羰基化合物释放量的影响研究

比较了在纸质滤芯上分别涂布活性炭和壳聚糖对主流烟气中羰基化合物及焦油、一氧化碳等的吸附效果。研究结果表明:活性炭与壳聚糖对纸质滤棒卷烟主流烟气中羰基化合物均有较好的吸附作用;壳聚糖对主流烟气中羰基化合物的吸附能力优于活性炭,对焦油、烟碱无明显影响,壳聚糖对羰基化合物具有选择性吸附作用。     

活性炭部分指标对烟气中低分子醛酮类物质含量的影响

将添加不同pH值、比表面积和水分含量活性炭的复合滤嘴卷烟在标准条件下进行抽吸,利用2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液收集主流烟气,高效液相色谱法分析卷烟主流烟气中低分子醛酮类物质含量,研究了pH值、比表面积和水分含量对活性炭吸附作用的影响。结果表明,活性炭pH值由5~7增加到7~9、比表面积由800 m2/g增加到1 200 m2/g时,低分子醛酮类物质总量分别下降13.0%,20.9%;水分含量由6%增加到10%时,低分子醛酮类物质总量分别为685.59,685.88μg/支。pH值和比表面积是影响活性炭对低分子醛酮类物质吸附作用的重要因素。     

13X分子筛对烟气中低分子醛酮的选择性吸附研究

为降低卷烟烟气中有害成分低分子醛酮化合物的含量和研究X型分子筛在卷烟减害中的应用,将13X型分子筛添加到卷烟嘴棒中,分析其对主流烟气中八种低分子醛酮化合物含量的影响。结果显示13X分子筛对低分子醛酮有明显的脱除作用。通过进一步研究13X分子筛对烟气中苯酚和苯并(α)芘的吸附作用,揭示了13X分子筛对低分子醛酮的选择性吸附与其因表面静电引力优先吸附极性物质的特性以及低分子醛酮的低熔沸点密切相关。烟气三项指标分析表明,13X分子筛对烟气中的焦油和烟碱含量影响不大,这有利于保持卷烟的香气。     

β-环糊精对卷烟主流烟气中有害成分的吸附研究

研究了β-环糊精对卷烟主流烟气中几类有害成分的吸附能力,以及吸附效果与吸附质物性的关系。将β-环糊精添加于卷烟滤嘴中,使用行业标准和文献方法对卷烟主流烟气中的有害成分进行检测,结果表明:β-环糊精对主流烟气中的酚类、多环芳烃和喹啉有较好的吸附效果,添加量为30 mg时,平均吸附率分别为58. 11%、35. 83%和61. 34%。对于挥发及半挥发性有机化合物,吸附率与吸附质沸点呈较强的正相关,对于酚类和多环芳烃化合物,吸附率与吸附质沸点呈较强的负相关,对于多环芳烃化合物,吸附率与吸附质分子半径呈较强的负相关。     

掺镧介孔纳米球降低烟气中低分子醛酮类物质的研究

改进传统的合成六方介孔材料的工艺,合成具有双纳米效应的掺镧介孔纳米球,以此作为卷烟添加剂,研究了其对红塔山经典1956卷烟主流烟气中含有的低分子醛酮化合物的吸附行为.结果表明在过滤嘴中加入了添加剂的烟样中8种低分子醛酮的含量明显低于没有加入添加剂的烟样,且测定结果的相对偏差小于0.3％.其中,甲醛的含量由186.072...     

冷溶剂-气相色谱/质谱联用分析卷烟主流烟气气相成分

以冷溶剂收集法捕集卷烟主流烟气气相成分,利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪对卷烟主流烟气气相成分进行了分析.分离和鉴定了93种化合物,其中烃类29种、醛类9种、酮类23种、醇类5种、酸类2种、酯类1种、含氮化合物12种、含氧杂环化合物10种、含硫化合物2种.     

汽车零部件检测-醛酮专用柱方法检测车内空气中的醛酮类物

<正>引言空气中低含量醛酮类化合物的测定需要灵敏且无干扰的技术分析,特别是-些化合物,如甲醛和丙酮,由于分子中不具有紫外响应基团而不能采用紫外检测器检测,但与反应物2,4-二硝基苯肪(强酸性条件下反应)反应后在高效液相色谱上具有较高的灵敏度。美国EPA-TO-11中规定使用液相色谱法对空气中的醛酮进行测定方法,我国的车内空气污染物的测定方法中也规定使用液相色谱的测定方法。目前,液相色谱已成为分析大气、室内空气、车内污染     

液相色谱法检测卷烟烟气中部分成分的研究进展

基于液相色谱法分析效率高、灵敏度高、操作容易、应用广泛等特点,综述了液相色谱法检测卷烟烟气中部分成分[如醛酮类化合物、多环芳烃、酚类化合物、烟草特有亚硝胺化合物(TSNAs)]的研究进展,并比较分析了不同检测方法的优缺点,为深入研究卷烟烟气中的部分成分提供参考。     

Aerosols sampling using a new cryogenic instrument

A new cryogenic instrument was designed for the trapping of aerosols such as cigarette mainstream smoke at low temperature. The technique enabled the trapping of the mainstream smoke of a single cigarette and the particulate and vapor phases were trapped simultaneously. 2R4F reference cigarettes were smoked under International Standard Organization (ISO) regime and trapped at low temperature using the cryogenic instrument. After trapping, the mainstream smoke of the 2R4F reference cigarette was diluted with a solvent and selected smoke components could be quantified using gas-mass spectrometry (GCMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The capability of the instrument for trapping the mainstream smoke was demonstrated. The feasibility of the procedure for the detection and the quantification of a large range of smoke components including carbonyls, alkaloids and organic volatile compounds (VOC) in the mainstream of a single cigarette was also shown.     

环氧改性有机硅耐高温防腐隔热涂料的研制

以环氧改性有机硅树脂为成膜物,以复合铁钛粉为防锈颜料,以六钛酸钾晶须、海泡石、膨胀蛭石、空心玻璃微珠等轻质材料为填料,在多种助剂和低相对分子质量聚酰胺的配用下,制得一种综合性、实用性、经济性较好的双组分耐高温防腐隔热涂料。     

Synthesis and characterization of linear low‐density polyethylene/sepiolite nanocomposites

Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/sepiolite nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using unmodified and silane‐modified sepiolite. Two methods were used to modify sepiolite: modification before heat mixing (ex situ) and modification during heat mixing (in situ). The X‐ray diffraction results showed that the position of the main peak of sepiolite remained unchanged during modification step. Infrared spectra showed new peaks confirming the development of new bonds in modified sepiolite and nanocomposites. SEM micrographs revealed the presence of sepiolite fibers embedded in polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that nanocomposites exhibited higher onset degradation temperature than LLDPE. In addition, in situ modified sepiolite nanocomposites exhibited higher thermal stability than ex situ modified sepiolite nanocomposites. The ultimate tensile strength and modulus of the nanocomposites were improved; whereas elongation at break was reduced. The higher crystallization temperature of some nanocomposite formulations revealed a heterogeneous nucleation effect of sepiolite. This can be exploited for the shortening of cycle time during processing. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Surface modification of sepiolite particles with polyurethane and polyvinyl alcohol

Sepiolite is a clay mineral that has many industrial applications due to its advantageous properties such as white color, low specific gravity, high absorption capacity, chemical composition and low thermal conductivity. In this study, the effect of the addition of polymers, polyvinyl-alcohol and polyurethane, on the rheological properties of the sepiolite dispersions have been investigated. The rheological parameters of clay suspensions can be used to examine particle–particle interactions. The polymers that have been added to the clay suspensions interact with clay particles, depending on their ionic or non-ionic character. Firstly, the sepiolite dispersions were characterized by the rheological properties, mineral structure and content. Then the effect of the polymers on the flow, structural, and surface properties of sepiolite dispersions was investigated by rheological, electrokinetical, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements. The measurements showed that polymer molecules bind on the surface of sepiolite particles and changed the flow properties of the dispersions as stable dispersions at some certain concentrations. It is also determined that PU polymer covered the surface of the sepiolite faster than PVA, but the coverage of the PVA was much more smoothly. The thermal properties of the sepiolite improved with PVA more than PU, as a result of the homogenous surface coverage.     

海泡石和EG对水性膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的影响

采用可膨胀性石墨(EG)和海泡石对传统的APP/PER/MEL膨胀型防火涂料体系进行改性,制备了一种新型水性超薄膨胀型防火涂料,并采用防火性能测试装置、热重分析(TGA)、差热重量分析(DTG)及X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对该防火涂料的耐火性能、热降解过程、炭化层结构进行了研究。热分析结果表明,海泡石与EG复合使用,将充分发挥它们的协同作用:EG在较低温度区域能够延缓炭化层的形成,而海泡石则能够在高温区域阻止炭化层氧化分解,并提高成炭率从而达到阻燃的目的。XRD结果显示,复合使用EG和海泡石能够促进炭化层中TiP2O7的形成,在高温阶段保护炭化层不被氧化。当防火涂料中添加质量分数3%海泡石和质量分数2%EG,涂层厚度为1.0 mm时,钢材的耐火时间达到72 min。     

海泡石和可膨胀性石墨对水性超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料阻燃性能的影响

采用可膨胀性石墨（EG）和海泡石对传统的APP/PER/MEL膨胀型防火涂料体系进行改性,制备了一种新型水性超薄膨胀型防火涂料,并采用防火性能测试装置、热重分析（TGA）、差热重量分析（DTG）及X射线衍射（XRD）等方法对该防火涂料的耐火性能、热降解过程、碳化层结构进行了研究。热分析结果表明,海泡石与EG复合使用,将充分发挥它们的协同作用：EG在较低温度区域能够延缓碳化层的形成,而海泡石则能够在高温区域阻止碳化层氧化分解,并提高成炭率从而达到阻燃的目的。XRD结果显示,复合使用EG和海泡石能够促进碳化层中TiP2O7的形成,在高温阶段保护碳化层不被氧化。当防火涂料中添加3wt%海泡石和2wt%EG,涂层厚度为1mm时,钢材的耐火时间达到72min。