胶束强化超滤技术处理含低浓度Ni2+废水

以表面活性剂SDBS为吸附载体,研究了胶束强化超滤(MEUF)对低浓度放射性废水中的金属离子核素Ni2+的处理效果.研究表明,在表面活性剂浓度为1.0mol·L-1、溶液pH为9时,MEUF对Ni2+的截留率达到95%,表明了MEUF在低浓度放射性废水中良好的应用前景.     

MEUF去除废水中重金属和有机物及其浓缩液的处理

胶团强化超滤(MEUF)是一种表面活性剂和超滤相结合的处理含重金属或有机污染物废水的新技术。详细介绍了MEUF技术的原理、表面活性剂的选择、影响处理效果的主要因素,同时针对MEUF技术目前存在的浓缩液处理和表面活性剂回收的问题作了详细的阐述,综述了近年来MEUF技术应用的最新研究成果,并就此技术存在的问题和发展前景作了相关分析,实践表明该技术具有很好的应用前景。     

膜-好氧组合工艺处理餐饮废水的研究

采用无机膜 -好氧组合工艺对高浓度餐饮废水 (COD 15 0 0 0mg/L)进行处理。考察了进水COD浓度、溶解氧浓度、水力停留时间对好氧反应器处理效果的影响。结果表明 ,当水力停留时间大于 5 .6h时 ,废水的COD去除率高于 90 % ,温度对处理效果影响不大。对好氧出水用无机膜进行分离 ,最终出水COD小于 2 5mg/L ,浊度小于 1NTU。     

表面活性剂对复合刷镀液中纳米WC分散性的影响

研究了在(Ni-P)-纳米WC复合刷镀液中添加阴离子型表面活性剂SDS、阳离子型表面活性剂PEI、非离子型表面活性剂OP对分散体系分散效果的影响.结果表明:表面活性剂能有效阻止复合刷镀液中微粒的絮凝、团聚,其用量对复合刷镀液分散效果有显著的影响.当阴离子型表面活性剂SDS的质量浓度为0.2g/L,阳离子型表面活性剂PEI为O.8g/L时,刷镀液中沉降粉体体积最小,添加非离子型表面活性剂OP的分散体系分散效果较差.     

ASP驱采出水稳定性影响因素研究

通过模拟油田现场采出水组成,以采出水处理后水中含油量与固体悬浮物含量为指标考察了采出水中聚合物、表面活性剂、碱对油水分离的影响。实验结果表明:模拟采出水处理后水中悬浮物含量和含油量随着聚合物浓度的增大先降低后增加;随表面活性剂浓度的增大均增加;随碱浓度增大先增大后降低。ASP采出水中,残留驱油剂存在均增加了采出水的处理难度。     

表面活性剂对油田污水絮凝效果的影响

采用含表面活性剂的模拟油田污水,研究了表面活性剂对絮凝剂处理效果的影响规律.对于所研究的4种无机絮凝剂,处理后污水的透光率随加剂量的变化规律相同,小分子絮凝剂硫酸铝(AS)的处理效果较聚合无机盐差,聚合氯化铝(PAC)的絮凝效果最好,最佳加剂量为1000 mg·L-1,处理后污水最高透光率为79.3%.有机絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)对含表面活性剂油田污水几乎没有处理效果.随絮凝温度的升高,PAC的处理效果提高;随污水中表面活性剂浓度的增大,PAC处理效果变差,即使表面活性剂浓度很低,污水处理难度也显著增大.比较驱油剂表面活性剂和部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)对污水处理效果的影响,表面活性剂的影响较大.     

利用低浓度表面活性剂胶团强化超滤处理含锌废水

利用低浓度的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS），对含Zn^2＋废水进行了胶团强化超滤（MEUF）研究．结果表明：进料液的静置时间为3h时，Zn^2＋在SDS胶团上的吸附达到平衡状态。当Zn^2＋的浓度一定时，由于发生在膜表面的浓差极化现象的影响，在进料液中投加浓度低于1倍临界胶束浓度（CMC）的SDS，不但在很大程度上降低了SDS的用量，而且亦可获得较高的Zn^2＋截留率和渗透通量，Zn^2＋的截留率主要受膜表面SDS浓度的影响。随着进料液中SDS浓度的升高，渗透通量逐渐降低，而渗透液中SDS的浓度随之不断增大，但无论进料液中SDS浓度有多大，渗透液中SDS的浓度都不会高于1倍CMC（2．25g／L），所以渗透液中的SDS的损失相对较小。Zn^2＋截留率随进料液中Zn^2＋浓度逐步增大而逐渐减小，基于低浓度表面活性剂的胶团强化超滤技术适宜处理低浓度含Zn^2＋废水．     

胶团强化超滤处理水中环境激素双酚A研究

采用聚巩超滤膜和再生纤维素超滤膜,以十六烷基氛化吡啶(CPC)为表面活性剂,进行了胶团强化超滤处理水中双酚A (BPA)的研究,考察了操作压力、不同材质和截留相对分子质量的超滤膜、CPC浓度、溶液pH、电解质、非离子表面活性剂烷基多糖苷(APG)复配等因素对工艺的影响.结果表明,截留相对分子质量(MWCO)为5x103的聚砜UF膜和阳离子表面活性剂CPC,MEUF处理水中的BPA,在操作压力为0.15 Mpa,CPC的浓度为5 mmol·L-1条件下,对BPA的截留率可达90%以上,BPA的截留率及渗透液中CPC浓度随pH的变化而变化,电解质的存在以及CPC与APG的复配可以提高BPA的截留率,降低透渗透液中CPC的浓度.     

组合膜工艺深度处理含锰废水研究

研究通过组合膜工艺深度处理含锰废水,通过测定加药沉淀、超滤、一级纳滤、二级纳滤以及反渗透膜出水中Mn2+、NH4+等污染物质量浓度来探究该组合工艺对含锰废水的处理效果.研究表明:该组合膜工艺对于含锰废水有较理想的处理效果,出水Mn2+、NH4+质量浓度均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级排放标准.加药沉淀、超滤可有效降低废水中悬浮物质,减少对后续纳滤膜和反渗透膜的影响.一级纳滤和二级纳滤可大幅度降低Mn2+、NH4+质量浓度,但出水达不到处理标准,反渗透处理后出水中Mn2+质量浓度最高为0.15 mg·L-1,最低为未检出,NH4+质量浓度为8.9～15 mg·L-1,均能实现达标排放.     

基于胶束强化超滤的金属离子去除技术研究进展

胶束强化超滤技术(MEUF)作为一种新兴的含金属废水处理技术,有着较好的应用前景.通过总结前人的研究结果,综合讨论了影响金属离子截留效果的各个因素,为优化MEUF提出了一些建议.并就当前采用胶束强化超滤法处理金属离子技术的最新发展与表面活性剂的循环再利用作了简要的介绍.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。