壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其在化妆品中的应用

综述了目前几类壳聚糖衍生物：羧甲基壳聚糖、羧基壳聚糖、壳聚糖羟烷基衍生物、壳聚糖或酰基化衍生物、壳聚糖磺化衍生物、壳聚糖季铵盐的制备方法．分别介绍了它们的性能和在护肤品、洗发香波、头发调理剂、定型剂以及洗浴剂中的应用，同时举出了较典型的应用实例，为此方面研究工作提供了参考配方。     

甲壳素壳聚糖及其衍生物吸湿保湿性研究进展

简要介绍了甲壳素,壳聚糖的物化性质,概述了壳聚糖常见的化学修饰方法,详细综述了甲壳素,壳聚糖及其羟基化化衍生物,羧化衍生物,酰化衍生物的吸湿性和保湿性的研究现状,对β-壳聚糖,甲壳低聚糖的吸湿性和保湿性也进行了介绍。     

壳聚糖的改性及其应用进展

介绍了壳聚糖的结构;重点论述了壳聚糖的一些主要的改性方法,包括醚化、氧化、酰化、交联、烷基化、接枝共聚、季铵化及和其他材料复合等方法;并综述了壳聚糖及其衍生物在水处理、医药、食品加工及其他领域的应用现状。     

改性壳聚糖的研究进展及其应用前景

简要综述壳聚糖化学改性和衍生物的研究进展,讨论了烷基化、酰基化、醚化、酯化、Shiff碱化、季铵盐化及接枝共聚等化学改性方法,简要介绍了改性壳聚糖在化妆品、医学和环保方面的应用,展望了壳聚糖及其衍生物研究进展及应用前景,旨在为壳聚糖化学改性和衍生物的研究提供一定理论基础。     

甲壳素衍生物的制备工艺

介绍了多种甲壳素衍生物的制备工艺和生产方法 ,包括壳聚糖、羧甲基甲壳素、羧甲基壳聚糖、乙酰化壳聚糖、羧丙 (乙 )基壳聚糖、微晶甲壳素及壳聚糖、盐酸氨基葡萄糖、甲壳素硫酸盐、溴化甲壳素、N-乙基壳聚糖、季铵化壳聚糖、壳聚糖接枝共聚产物等十多种。     

壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖及其衍生物在日化方面的应用

壳聚糖及其衍生物含有大量的氨基和羟基,为壳聚糖的改性或者接枝反应提供了活性基团,壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖因特殊的化学结构而使其具有优异的化学性质,如良好的生物相容性、无毒、生物可降解性以及抗微生物活性等性质,因此受到生物工程、医药、食品、化妆品以及其他一些领域的广泛关注,成为近年来研究开发的热点。对壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖及其衍生物在日用化学中的应用进行了综述,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

壳聚糖的应用研究进展

壳聚糖是一种来源丰富的可再生资源,具有优良的分子结构性能,其在人们日常生活中的应用成为国内外学者研究热点。文章对壳聚糖在医药、化妆品工业以及粘胶抗菌纤维等方面的应用进行了综述,为此方面研究工作者提供了参考。     

壳聚糖季铵盐及其衍生物的应用研究进展

壳聚糖是一种天然无毒多糖,可生物降解,具有生物相容性。在实际应用中壳聚糖水溶性差,只能在酸性介质中溶解。为了提高壳聚糖的溶解度并改善其理化及生物特性以扩大其应用范围,有必要对壳聚糖进行化学修饰。壳聚糖季铵盐是一种常见的壳聚糖修饰产物,属于水溶性壳聚糖衍生物,由于骨架上有强正电荷,因此其pH值溶解范围较宽。综述了壳聚糖季铵盐及其衍生物在抗菌活性、基因运载、给药系统、抗凝血材料、传感器等方面的应用进展,提出改进壳聚糖季铵盐及其衍生物的合成路线,可合成一系列生物学性能改良的壳聚糖季铵盐及其衍生物,有望将其应用于特殊领域。     

甲壳素及其衍生物的开发前景

介绍了提取甲壳素的原料来源及提取方法 ,对国内外甲壳素制取壳聚糖的方法和工艺条件作了详细的介绍 ,着重阐述了壳聚糖及其衍生物的生产方法以及在医药、食品、日化、农业、化工、环保、造纸、纺织等诸多领域的应用现状和开发前景。     

壳聚糖基壁材在精油/鱼油微胶囊化方面的应用进展

微胶囊化可以提高精油/鱼油的抗氧化性、储存稳定性和生物活性以及改善其气味。具有良好生物相容性、成膜性和渗透性的壳聚糖及其衍生物成为制备微胶囊的理想壁材。本文以壳聚糖基壁材为主线,结合不同成囊机理和方法对精油/鱼油微胶囊制备研究进展进行综述。重点介绍了不同种类壳聚糖壁材（普通壳聚糖、壳聚糖复合物及壳聚糖衍生物）和成囊方法（如喷雾干燥法、单凝聚法、复凝聚法、交联法以及层层自组装法等）的优缺点。分析表明,改进成囊方法控制粒径和提高油包埋率;探寻无毒、高效的囊膜交联剂控制释放效率;合成新型的壳聚糖衍生物壁材提高功能性质,是壳聚糖基壁材包囊精油/鱼油的重要研究方向。     

O-二酸单酯-N,N双长链烷基壳寡糖的制备及表征

壳寡糖与月桂醛反应生成Schiff碱,再用NaBH4还原合成N,N-双十二烷基化壳寡糖,然后在均相条件下与酸酐反应制备了含有不同亲水基团的新型双亲性壳寡糖衍生物:O-丁烯二酸单酯-N,N-双十二烷基壳寡糖(OBDCS)、O-丁二酸单酯-N,N-双十二烷基壳寡糖(OSDCS)和O-邻苯二甲酸单酯-N,N-双十二烷基壳寡糖(OPDCS)。用红外光谱、核磁共振和元素分析等方法对产物的结构进行了表征,并试验了其溶解性能。结果表明,改性产物的溶解性能明显优于未改性的N,N-双十二烷基壳寡糖,拓宽了壳寡糖的应用范围。     

Biocidal Polymers: Preparation and Antimicrobial Assessment of Immobilized Onium Salts onto Modified Chitosan

New derivatives of chitosan were synthesized by modification of chitosan (CTS) either with chloroacetyl chloride or with bromoacetyl chloride. The haloacetylated chitosan derivatives were quaternized by reaction with triethyl amine and triphenyl phosphine. The quaternized new derivatives of chitosan were tested against Gram-negative bacteria the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and the fungi by the cut plug method and viable cell counting methods. The results showed that the new chitosan derivatives have stronger antimicrobial activities than the chitosan itself. The examination of the treated cells by TEM showed complete discharge of cellular cytoplasm which led to the death of the cells.     

醇溶性壳聚糖衍生物合成及结构表征

以环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵，乙基缩水甘油醚为试剂，合成了壳聚糖氨基Ｎ上取代的２羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、１－乙氧基－２羟丙基壳糖。     

壳聚糖类化合物在卷烟减害中的研究进展

介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物的结构特性,综述了壳聚糖、壳聚糖衍生物以及壳聚糖-活性炭复合滤咀在卷烟制品降焦减害中的应用研究进展。     

Factors Influencing the Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Chitosan Modified by Functionalization

The biomedical and therapeutic importance of chitosan and chitosan derivatives is the subject of interdisciplinary research. In this analysis, we intended to consolidate some of the recent discoveries regarding the potential of chitosan and its derivatives to be used for biomedical and other purposes. Why chitosan? Because chitosan is a natural biopolymer that can be obtained from one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature, which is chitin. Compared to other biopolymers, chitosan presents some advantages, such as accessibility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and no toxicity, expressing significant antibacterial potential. In addition, through chemical processes, a high number of chitosan derivatives can be obtained with many possibilities for use. The presence of several types of functional groups in the structure of the polymer and the fact that it has cationic properties are determinant for the increased reactive properties of chitosan. We analyzed the intrinsic properties of chitosan in relation to its source: the molecular mass, the degree of deacetylation, and polymerization. We also studied the most important extrinsic factors responsible for different properties of chitosan, such as the type of bacteria on which chitosan is active. In addition, some chitosan derivatives obtained by functionalization and some complexes formed by chitosan with various metallic ions were studied. The present research can be extended in order to analyze many other factors than those mentioned. Further in this paper were discussed the most important factors that influence the antibacterial effect of chitosan and its derivatives. The aim was to demonstrate that the bactericidal effect of chitosan depends on a number of very complex factors, their knowledge being essential to explain the role of each of them for the bactericidal activity of this biopolymer.     

新型水溶性壳聚糖衍生物的制备

以醋酸和丙酮为反应介质,利用马来酸酐在均相条件下对壳聚糖进行水溶性N-酰化改性;与壳聚糖相比,改性后的壳聚糖衍生物的水溶性有了很大改善。实验表明：对壳聚糖的N-酰化改性程度越高,其改性产物的水溶性越好;同时,制备的3种样品的产率均在90％以上。     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of Schiff base of chitosan and acylated chitosan

Chitosan, a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic polymer, is prepared from chitin, which is the second most naturally occurring biopolymer after cellulose. Schiff base of chitosan, sorbyl chitosan, and p‐aminobenzoyl chitosan were synthesized working under high‐intensity ultrasound and their antimicrobial properties were analyzed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger. The structures of the derivatives were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The results of antimicrobial activities indicated that the antimicrobial activities of the derivatives increased with increasing the concentration. The antibacterial activity of schiff base of chitosan against E. coli was stronger, while acylated chitosan had better inhiting effect on S. aureus than others. It was also found that the antifungal activities of the derivatives were stronger than that of chitosan, and schiff base of chitosan was obviously superior to acylated chitosan. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Gel formation in polymeric composites for modification of fibrous materials

The possibility of using oxidized nucleotides and nuclosides as cross-linking reagents for preparing chitosan hydrogels with a broad range of applications was examined. It was found that the ratio of dialdehyde to chitosan amine and the reaction medium pH affected gel formation in aqueous acetic acid solutions of chitosan in the presence of the cross-linking reagents glutaraldehyde and oxidized nucleic acid derivatives. IR spectra of chitosan and its derivatives were recorded and characterized. Immobilization of the proteolytic enzyme trypsin in chitosan films on fibrous materials was studied.