应用沉浸式膜生物反应器连续培养虫草

设计了一种新型沉浸式膜生物反应器(SMBR),并首次将SMBR应用于虫草连续培养过程中。实验表明,间歇发酵7天后转为连续发酵;持续进行6天后,发酵液内菌丝体干重达到33.2g/L,多糖浓度5.4g/L,多糖产率为312mg/(L·h),是间歇发酵的10倍。由此表明,利用本课题组设计的膜生物反应器系统有利于胞外多糖和菌丝体的分离,是生产分离胞外虫草多糖的一条有效途径。     

共生菌系TSH06连续发酵生产丁醇

传统的产丁醇生产菌均为严格厌氧,本实验室分离出一株兼性厌氧共生菌系TSH06,可在微氧条件下发酵生产丁醇。本文研究了共生菌系TSH06微氧条件下的丁醇连续发酵,考察了稀释率对TSH06细胞生长及丁醇合成的影响。结果表明,低稀释率有利于丁醇的生成,高稀释率有利于酸的积累,丁醇浓度随着稀释率的增大而减小,而生产强度随稀释率的增大而增大。当稀释率大于0.2h~(–1)时,生产强度呈下降趋势。最优化的稀释率为0.2h~(–1),丁醇生产强度可达1.06g/(L·h)。研究结果可为微氧条件下丁醇连续发酵的进一步优化提供理论依据。     

同时进行发酵和分离的CO2气提、活性炭吸附乙醇发酵动力学研究（三）固定化

研究了应用固定化酵母同时进行发酵和分离的CO2气提的乙醇间歇发酵和连续发酵。从实验结果发现，无论是间歇还是连续操作，无论是改变稀释率还是改变进口底物浓度，在实验范围内，发酵速率都基本上保持常数，即，固定化酵母发酵时，发醇液中少量游离酵母的影响可以忽略，固定化酵母密度在发酵过程中不会发生很大变化。由此而导出的简化模型可以满意地关联稳态操作时的实验数据，并进而推算动态响应曲线。     

与膜耦合的细胞固定化串联发酵制乙醇的研究

利用植物纤维作为廉价的糖源生产燃料乙醇是解决世界能源危机的最有效途径.今研究采用海藻酸钙固定普通酿酒酵母细胞和嗜鞣管囊酵母细胞于两个串联的发酵罐内,连续发酵葡萄糖和木糖组成的糖液并与膜耦合来制取酒精.通过硅橡胶膜(PDMS)的渗透蒸发过程,将产品乙醇从发酵液中移出,减少了产物乙醇对发酵的抑制作用.实验结果表明,这套采用海藻酸钙固定酵母细胞进行连续发酵并与膜耦合的生物反应器系统,在稀释率为0.321 h-1下稳定运行,剩余葡萄糖和木糖浓度分别为0.134、4.921 g·L-1,乙醇得率为O.457 g(乙醇)·g-1(糖),是理论得率的92.64%.生产能力达到10.996 g·L-1·h-1.与其它发酵方式相比较,用海藻酸钙来固定细胞并与膜耦合的发酵过程可增大酵母细胞浓度,明显降低乙醇对酵母的抑制作用,并提高糖的转化率.     

发酵-渗透汽化连续耦合合成ABE的动力学

采用PDMS膜生物反应器和丙酮丁醇梭菌进行了生产ABE的封闭循环连续发酵实验,研究了发酵和渗透汽化分离连续耦合条件下的发酵动力学行为。发酵-分离连续耦合实验运行持续时间长达192 h。运行过程中,细胞质量浓度维持在0.84～4.00 g/L,发酵液中ABE的总质量浓度为5.14～17.54 g/L,葡萄糖质量浓度大约为16.08～35.15 g/L,总体积产率为0.36 g/(L.h)。结果表明,膜生物反应器系统运行稳定,发酵-渗透汽化分离连续耦合生产ABE的操作模式具有可行性和优越性。     

硅橡胶膜生物反应器中乙醇发酵与渗透汽化的耦合

用硅橡胶膜生物反应器(SMBR)实验研究连续发酵-渗透汽化的耦合性能。发酵微生物采用酿酒干酵母,所用碳源为工业级葡萄糖。发酵过程由于产物抑制作用,在乙醇质量浓度达到73 g/L时趋于停滞,而耦合渗透汽化膜后,发酵罐内的乙醇质量浓度降低并维持在40 g/L,使发酵可以连续稳定地进行。在SMBR运行达到稳态后,乙醇的体积产率为4.02 g/(L.h)。发酵液中乙醇质量浓度维持在20~63 g/L,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)膜的总渗透通量为1 220~800 g/(m2.h),分离因子为5~9.2。与传统发酵和分离相同进料质量分数的乙醇溶液相比,乙醇发酵和渗透汽化在硅橡胶膜生物反应器中能相互耦合并得到强化。与较小规模耦合系统(发酵体积1 L和2 L)比较,性能稳定良好。     

发酵-渗透汽化连续耦合生产ABE的动力学研究

采用PDMS膜生物反应器和丙酮丁醇梭菌进行了生产ABE的封闭循环连续发酵实验,研究了发酵和渗透汽化分离连续耦合条件下的发酵动力学行为。发酵-分离连续耦合实验运行持续时间长达 192 h。运行过程中,细胞浓度维持在 0.84~4.00 g/L,发酵液中ABE的总浓度为5.14~17.54 g/L,葡萄糖浓度大约为16.08~35.15 g/L,总体积产率为0.36 g/(L?h)。实验结果表明,膜生物反应器系统运行稳定,发酵-渗透汽化分离连续耦合生产ABE的操作模式具有可行性和优越性。     

同时进行发酵和分离的CO2气提、活性碳吸附乙醇发酵动力学研究（二）游离细

本文研究了游离细胞连续发酵时应用CO2气提、活性炭吸附的乙醇发酵和分离动力学，考察了稀释率和进口葡萄糖浓度对发酵速率的影响，提出了包括CO2汽提乙醇速率的发酵动力学模型，研究了连续发酵时的稳态和动态过程，结果表明，CO2气提有助于减少乙醇对酵母的抑制作用，发酵动力学模型可以较好地关联稳态时的发酵动力学数据，从中获得的模型参数可以用于预测动态过程中底物，微生物及产物的变化规律。对于所研究的过程，存在着最佳稀释率和进口糖浓度以获得最大发酵速率。     

膜技术在连续发酵制乙醇中的应用研究

本文对膜技术在连续发酵制乙醇中的应用研究情况作了综述,重点介绍了膜循环发醇器(MRE)。对不同的膜过程、膜组件的形式、微生物种类的影响等作了比较,并简单介绍了循环发酵动力学模型的特征在 MRE 制乙醇中,发酵液中细胞浓度可高达100g(干重)/l,因此在较高稀释率下,基质转化率仍较高,生产率可比间歇发酵提高20倍以上,是非常有开发前途的发酵方法     

PDMS膜在ABE连续发酵中的渗透汽化性能研究

构建了膜生物反应器封闭循环ABE连续发酵系统,研究了系统中PDMS膜的渗透汽化性能.实验共进行2轮,第一轮进行274 h,采用发酵-渗透汽化间歇耦合的方式;第二轮进行312 h,前196 h采用发酵-渗透汽化连续耦合,之后实行间歇耦合.间歇耦合操作模式下,2轮的丁醇分离因子分别为11.00和12.94,总通量分别为711.07和579.98 g/(m2·h);连续耦合操作模式下,第二轮丁醇分离因子为5.54,总通量为555.80g/(m2·h).实验中膜性能稳定,分离性能良好,未出现膜堵塞和膜破损现象.     

灵芝多糖的液态发酵研究

对泰山灵芝液态发酵灵芝多糖的培养基配方、发酵条件进行了优化选择，并通过分批发酵、补料分批发酵的方式获得了灵芝多糖液态发酵的一系列参数。通过60h的补料分批发酵，灵芝多糖的单位产量达到2．208g／L，为灵芝多糖的工业化发酵生产奠定了基础。     

Enhancement of polysaccharide production by optimization of culture conditions in shake flask submerged cultivation of Grifola umbellata

Grifola umbellata (Fries) is a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom. In this paper, the effects of cultural condition on the mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production were studied. Glucose was the best carbon source for mycelia growth and EPS production. Yeast extract was the best nitrogen source for mycelia growth, whereas skim milk as nitrogen source can remarkably improve EPS production. The optimal medium constituents for EPS production were as follows: glucose 3%, skim milk 0.2%, 0.1% KH₂PO₄, 0.1% MgSO₄, 7H₂O and 0.005% vitamin B1. The initial pH value of 5 was the most efficient to EPS production. The G. umbellata culture with skim milk as nitrogen source displayed a much higher specific EPS yield of 112.35 mg/g, accounting for a 4.36 times increase compared to that with combined nitrogen source medium.     

水头差对厌氧动态膜生物反应器动态膜形成影响

以无纺布为粗孔过滤基材构建厌氧动态膜生物反应器(AnDMBR),通过分析成膜时间、出水通量、过滤阻力、压缩性、胞外聚合物(EPS)含量和粒径分布(PSD),研究了水头差(2、5、8 cm)对动态膜(DM)形成和过滤阻力增加的影响。结果表明,随着水头差的增加,动态膜的形成时间缩短,过滤阻力提高;基于成膜时间和出水通量考虑,实验的适宜水头差为5 cm,出水浊度在45 min后降低至2 NTU以下,稳定通量为42 L/(m^2·h)。小颗粒和EPS的积累是造成过滤阻力增加的主要原因。     

Process intensification with a hybrid system: A tubular packed bed bioreactor with immobilized activated sludge culture coupled with membrane filtration

Performance of a hybrid system consisting of a tubular bioreactor and a membrane filter was studied for removing carbohydrate and protein. Microporous polyurethane (sponge) was used as the packing medium for immobilization activated sludge culture. The bioreactor was operated in series with a cross flow ultrafiltration system to study the effect of influent flow rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration on the overall system performance. The removal efficiency in the bioreactor decreased linearly with increase in loading. The decline of removal efficiency at higher loadings was more significant for protein than carbohydrate. Coupling the bioreactor with a membrane separation process increased the overall removal rates and provided a consistent effluent quality. The flux through ultrafiltration membrane did not change significantly even when the bioreactor effluent had high levels of protein. Morphological examination of the packing medium both visually and by SEM showed significant accumulation of organisms on the surface which indicates that biofilm thickness was controlled by diffusion limitations. Advantages of the hybrid system include small footprint, economical packing medium, and space savings by coupling the bioreactor with a membrane filtration process.     

Effects of supplementation of succinic acid on the production and molecular weight distribution of exopolysaccharides by Antrodia camphorata in batch cultures

The effects of organic acid supplementation on both yields and molecular weight distributions of exopolysaccharide (EPS) of Antrodia camphorata were investigated in shaker flasks and air‐lift bioreactors. In the shaker flask study, five out of six organic acid‐supplemented cultures showed negative effects on cell growth, the exception being pyruvic acid‐supplemented culture; lower number average molecular weights (Mn) of EPS were obtained in all the supplemented cultures. EPS production was enhanced by 31% due to the addition of succinic acid. Optimum product yield was obtained between 2.0 and 3.0 g dm^?3 succinic acid; however, the specific production of EPS increased monotonically as succinic acid concentration was increased from 0 to 5 g dm^?3. Enhancement of EPS yield by 28% and a higher Mn of EPS (around 310 kDa) due to the addition of succinic acid were also demonstrated in an air‐lift bioreactor. In addition, a novel fermentation process resistant to EPS degradation is proposed, based on the inhibition of β‐glucanase activity by the supplementation with succinic acid. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Ammonium fumarate production by free or immobilised Rhizopus arrhizus in bench‐ and laboratory‐scale bioreactors

Ammonium fumarate production from glucose‐based media by Rhizopus arrhizus NRRL 1526 with mycelial growth controlled by phosphorus limitation exhibited mixed‐growth‐associated product formation kinetics, with growth‐associated production related to secondary mycelial growth only. The contribution of the primary mycelial growth phase was minimised by resorting to prolonged batch production using free mycelia under intermittent glucose feeding or repeated batch production using immobilised mycelia. The metabolic activity of free or immobilised mycelia was limited by fumarate accumulation or by oxygen diffusion phenomena, respectively. For batch cultures in a 15 dm³ stirred bioreactor the peripheral impeller speed (v_I) was increased from 1.88 to 3.3 m s^?1, and the fumarate yield coefficient on glucose increased from 0.25 ± 0.01 to 0.42 ± 0.02 g g^?1, while the malate yield coefficient on fumarate (Y_M/F) reduced from 0.46 ± 0.01 to 0.14 ± 0.01 g g^?1. With a net increase in the fumarate‐to‐malate ratio from 2 to 6.5, a v_I value of 3.3 m s^?1 gave the best fermentation performance and provided a basis for further scale‐up studies. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of morphology and oxygen supply on schizophyllan formation by Schizophyllum commune using a pellet size controlling bioreactor

The effects of mycelial morphology and oxygen supply on the production of the anti‐tumor polysaccharide from Schizophyllum commune were evaluated in this study. A pellet size controlling bioreactor has been used successfully for the production of the anti‐tumor polysaccharide of S commune. The average pellet size of mycelia in a bubble column bioreactor was around 20.5 mm in a typical run without using pellet size control. By forcing the fermentation broth through a pellet size control device with a stainless screen at five different fermentation times ranging from 1.0 to 4.5 days in each batch, different fungal pellet sizes ranging from 12.3 to 3.0 mm were achieved. The formation of anti‐tumor polysaccharide, schizophyllan (SPG), was significantly associated with the pellet morphology and oxygen supply rate. An optimal product yield of 0.29 g g^?1 glucose was obtained when the pellet size was controlled at 12.3 mm. Oxygen transfer limitation inside the pellets was responsible for the formation of entrapped polysaccharide. Maximum entrapped SPG yield (Yp/s entrapped) of 0.88 g g^?1 glucose occurred at the optimal pellet size of 12.3 mm. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

臭氧-活性炭技术对膜生物反应器膜污染减缓研究

本研究目的是探讨臭氧-活性炭技术对膜生物反应器（membrane bioreactor,MBR）膜污染减缓的影响。通过短期批式实验表明,粉末活性炭（power activated carbon,PAC）可强化臭氧的氧化效果,臭氧投加量超过0.25mg/(gSS)将恶化污泥混合液可滤性;对滤出液残余臭氧浓度检测表明,PAC的加入有利于维持本体溶液臭氧浓度。臭氧-活性炭技术引入MBR系统有助于膜污染的减缓,反应器内微生物活性受到一定的抑制作用,但对MBR出水水质影响较小;臭氧-活性炭减小了反应器内溶解性微生物产物（soluble microbial products,SMP）中的蛋白质及多聚糖含量,显著降低了污泥絮体中松散的胞外聚合物（loosely bound EPS,LB）及胞外聚合物（extracellular polymeric substances,EPS）中蛋白质浓度,以上结果表明应用臭氧-活性炭技术来延缓MBR膜污染是可行的。     

Lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus in a two‐staged feeding operation

BACKGROUND: Lovastatin is known to inhibit its own synthesis in the fungus Aspergillus terreus. Therefore, the use of a fermentation strategy that continuously removes some of the lovastatin produced from the bioreactor can enhance its productivity. This paper reports on the effects of dilution rate and the composition of the feed medium on lovastatin production by A. terreus. RESULTS: The feeding strategy consisted of an initial batch/fed‐batch phase and a semi‐continuous culture phase in which the pelleted biomass was retained inside a slurry bubble column. A nitrogen‐free medium was fed at various fixed dilution rates in the semi‐continuous phase. In experiments that were designed to assess the effects of the composition of the medium, the dilution rate was held at 0.42 d^?1, but different feed media were used in separate runs. The best two‐staged production strategy was shown to consist of a 96 h batch/fed‐batch phase that used a nutritionally complete medium. This was followed by a semi‐continuous operation using a medium that was free of both nitrogen and carbon sources. CONCLUSION: Semi‐continuous operation enhanced productivity of lovastatin by 315% compared with a conventional batch operation. The optimal dilution rate in semi‐continuous operation was about 0.42 d^?1. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry