Microwave dielectric properties of (Ba1−xSrx)(Mg0.5W0.5)O3 ceramics

The densification, microstructural evolution and microwave dielectric properties of (Ba_1−xSr_x)(Mg_0.5W_0.5)O₃ ceramics with x=0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 are investigated in this study. The sintering temperature of the (Ba_1−xSr_x)(Mg_0.5W_0.5)O₃ is significantly reduced from 1575 °C to 1400 °C as the x value increases from 0 to 0.25 and 0.50; this result is accompanied by the formation of the (Ba_1−ySr_y)WO₄ phase and a small quantity of second phase surrounding the grains. The grain size of the (Ba_1−xSr_x)(Mg_0.5W_0.5)O₃ ceramics is increased by raising the Sr²⁺ content, which significantly lowers the sintering temperature. The microstructure of the (Ba_0.75Sr_0.25)(Mg_0.5W_0.5)O₃ ceramic displays the smallest average grain size of approximately 0.8 μm, with a narrow grain size distribution. Without long annealing time, very high Q×f values are obtained for the (Ba_1−xSr_x)(Mg_0.5W_0.5)O₃ ceramics sintered at 1400–1575 °C for a duration of only 2 h. The (Ba_0.75Sr_0.25)(Mg_0.5W_0.5)O₃ ceramic sintered at 1400 °C results in the best microwave dielectric properties, including ε_r of 20.6, Q×f of 152,600 GHz and τ_f of +24.0 ppm/°C.     

Structural,dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Ba1−x(Bi0.5Na0.5)xTiO3 ceramics

Lead free Ba_1?x(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)_xTiO₃ (x=0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1) ferroelectric ceramics were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction technique. Sintering was done at 1200 °C for 2 h in air atmosphere. The final products have tetragonal symmetry with decreasing c/a ratio confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The grain size varies between 300 nm to 1000 nm for x=0 to 0.1. With increase in Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ [BNT] content, the room temperature permittivity decreases whereas the Curie temperature (T_c) increases and its highest value was found to be 155 °C for 10 mol% of BNT addition. The ceramics show stable and low dielectric loss characteristics. The remnant polarization (P_r) and the coercive field (E_c) increases monotonously with increase in BNT content. The highest value of 2P_r (=17 μC/cm²) and 2E_c (=22 Kv/cm) was obtained for x=10 mol% BNT addition.     

Structural properties of multiferroic 0.5BiFeO3–0.5Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 solid solution

Magnetoelectric multiferroics are very promising materials because of their practical applications and fundamental interests. The most widely studied magnetoelectric oxides are ABO₃ perovskites. In the paper structural properties of BiFeO₃ and Pb(Fe_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃ solid solution are described. The material crystallizes in rhombohedral R3c crystal structure which parameters are presented. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to study local changes in an iron environment due to Fe/Nb substitution and hyperfine interaction parameters of different local surroundings of iron atoms are presented. The random distribution of B-site sublattice cations was confirmed. Ab initio calculations of the studied solid solution were conducted and theoretical crystal structure parameters were compared with the experimental data. The theoretical magnetic and electric properties are discussed. The local iron magnetic moments were estimated and their dependence on the local surrounding changes is shown. The calculated electrons densities and Bader's topological analysis were used to describe chemical bonding properties.     

Microwave-assisted sintering and improved dielectric,ferroelectric properties of 0.5[(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3]–0.5[Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3] lead-free ceramics

0.5[(Ba_0.7Ca_0.3)TiO₃]–0.5[Ba(Zr_0.2Ti_0.8)O₃] lead-free ceramics were synthesised by coprecipitation method and sintered by fast microwave sintering (MWS) and by conventional sintering (CS) at 1200°C. After being sintered with the two different methods, the materials were characterised for structural, microstructural, frequency and temperature-dependent dielectric properties, Raman spectroscopy, and ferroelectric measurements. Results are compared and discussed in the present paper. X-ray diffraction confirms the presence of the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases in the composites sintered by both methods. The ferroelectric to paraelectric transition temperature (Tc) is increased in microwave-sintered composite. Diffuse constant (γ) values show BCT–BZT ceramics to be neither normal ferroelectrics nor relaxor ferroelectrics. Raman spectra confirm phase transition in the ceramic samples. Saturation polarisation (Ps) values are 7.62 and 4.28?µC?cm^?2 and nearly equal remanant polarisation (Pr) values were observed for BCT–BZT composite sintered with MWS and CS, respectively.     

Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3-K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3系富钠区陶瓷固溶体的相变研究

本工作用X射线衍射、热激放电、介电-温度特性、电荷-压力关系等实验方法研究了xNa_(0.5)Bi_(0.6)TiO_3-(1-x)K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3系(0.73≤x≤1.00)陶瓷固溶体的相变,首次确定了该系统的相图。发现该系统的固溶体,在铁电相和顺电相之间存在着一个较阔的过渡相相区,随着温度的升高,固溶体都依次经历铁电相-过渡相-顺电相相变。文中对过渡相的性质作了讨论。     

Structural,dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3–Bi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3 thin films prepared by sol–gel method

Lead free (1−x)(0.8Bi_0.5Na_0.5Ti_0.5O₃–0.2Bi_0.5K_0.5TiO₃)–xBiZn_0.5Ti_0.5O₃ (x=0–0.06) (BNT–BKT–BZT) thin films were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO₂/Si(100) substrates by a sol–gel processing technique. The effects of BZT content on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the BNT–BKT–BZT thin films were investigated systematically. The BNT–BKT–BZT thin films undergo a transition from ferroelectric to relaxor phase with increasing temperature. The phase transition temperature decreases with the increase of BZT content. The BNT–BKT–BZT thin film with x=0.04 exhibits the best ferroelectric properties (P_max=40 µC/cm² and P_r=10 µC/cm²), largest dielectric constant (ε=560) and piezoelectric constant (d₃₃=40 pm/V). This finding demonstrates that the BNT–BKT–BZT thin film has an excellent potential for demanding high piezoelectric properties in lead free films.     

Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3-K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3系富钠区陶瓷固溶体的电物理性能研究

本工作对xNa_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3-(1-x)K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3系(0.73≤x≤0.95)陶瓷固溶体的压电、铁电性质进行了研究。发现准同型相界位于x=0.81处;在相界,压电参数出现极值。在该系统中,获得了高厚度机电耦合系数、高频率常数、低平面机电耦合系数、低相对介电常数的超声换能器材料。该材料还具有无公害,不需密封烧结等工艺优点。     

Morphotropic phase boundary and electrical properties of lead-free (K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–Bi(Ni0.5Ti0.5)O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

Lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics (1?x)(K_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃–xBi(Ni_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ were prepared by a conventional solid-state route, the phase transition behavior and corresponding electrical properties were investigated. A typical morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal ferroelectric phases was identified to be in the range of 0.05<x<0.07 where the optimum piezoelectric and electromechanical properties of d₃₃=126 pC/N and k_P=18% were achieved. Most importantly, a high Curie temperature ~320 °C, around which the material shows a typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior characterized by the presence of diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion, was obtained in MPB compositions, significantly higher than those of some existing MPB lead-free titanate systems. These results demonstrate a tremendous potential of the studied system for device applications.     

Ba0.5 Sr0.5 TiO3/PMMA复合材料介电性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法（sol-gel）制备了Ba0．5Sr0．5TiO3／PMMA复合材料粉体。应用红外光谱（IR）、偏光显微镜（PLM）、扫描电镜（SEM）等分析手段，对样品进行了表征与分析，研究了乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂在BST55／PMMA复合材料制备过程中起的桥联作用，并讨论了MMA和BST55物质的量比与其介电性能的关系。结果表明，在凝胶化过程中，适量的偶联剂不仅起着交联剂的作用，而且能改善复合材料的粒子聚集态；而复合材料的介电常数远远低于BST55陶瓷，且随着PMMA含量的增加而有所降低。     

四元复合氧化物La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ni_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)O_3的抗硫性能

以SO2 为毒物 ,采用脉冲中毒方法 ,再以CO氧化反应为探针 ,对三元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5NiO3 与La0 .5Sr0 .5CuO3 以及四元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5Ni0 .5Cu0 .5O3 等三种催化剂样品的抗硫毒能力、失活曲线、中毒催化剂的再生性能以及毒物残留形态等进行了全面考察和对比分析。实验结果表明四元复合氧化物催化剂La0 .5Sr0 .5Ni0 .5Cu0 .5O3 在SO2 毒物含量是 1 2 2×10 -2 mmol时 ,特别是在高温 (≥ 30 0℃ )条件下 ,具有优异的抗硫性能     

Conductivity and electrochemical performance of (Ba0.5Sr0.5)0.8La0.2CoO3−δ cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell

This study reports the successful preparation of a single-phase cubic (Ba_0.5Sr_0.5)_0.8La_0.2CoO_3?δ perovskite by the citrate–EDTA complexing method. Its crystal structure, thermogravimetry, coefficient of thermal expansion, electric conductivity, and electrochemical performance were investigated to determine its suitability as a cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Its coefficient of thermal expansion shows abnormal expansion at 300 °C, which is associated with the loss of lattice oxygen. The maximum conductivity of a (Ba_0.5Sr_0.5)_0.8La_0.2CoO_3?δ electrode is 689 S/cm at 300 °C. Above 300 °C, the electronic conductivity of (Ba_0.5Sr_0.5)_0.8La_0.2CoO_3?δ decreases due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. The charge-transfer resistance and gas phase diffusion resistance of a (Ba_0.5Sr_0.5)_0.8La_0.2CoO_3?δ–Ce_0.8Sm_0.2O_1.9 composite cathode are 0.045 Ω cm² and 0.28 Ω cm², respectively, at 750 °C.     

Bi_(0.5)K_(0.5)TiO_3掺杂对0.945K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_3-0.045LiSbO_3无铅压电陶瓷结构性能的影响

采用传统固相合成法合成(1-x)(0.945K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.045LiSbO3)-x(Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)(简记为(KNN-LS)(1-x)-BKTx))无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同BKT掺入量(x=0.000,0.005,0.010,0.015,0.020,0.025,0.030)对该体系陶瓷的微观结构和压电介电性能。结果表明:x≤0.025时,均可形成单一钙钛矿结构;与KNN-LS相比,体积密度(ρ)、机械耦合系数kp、kt显著提高;d33、介电损耗tanδ、机械品质因数Qm和次级相变温度降低;当x=0.020时,样品的整体性能达到最佳值:ρ=4.239g/cm3,d33=94pC/N,kp=30.9%,kt=20.7%,tanδ=0.024,相对介电常数εT33/ε0=2468,Qm=53.95,次级相变温度降至室温以下,温度稳定性好。     

Dielectric properties and relaxor behavior of high Curie temperature (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.1Ti0.9)O3–Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 Lead-free ceramics

The (1?x)(Ba_0.85Ca_0.15)(Zr_0.1Ti_0.9)O₃?xBi(Mg_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ [(1?x)BCZT–xBMT, x=0.1–0.7] lead-free solid solution ceramics were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method. The phase structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction and results show that a single perovskite phase was obtained in all of these samples, suggesting that the added BMT diffused into BCZT to form a solid solution. Dense ceramics with relative densities >95% were obtained, and a small amount of BMT (≤50 mol%) acted as grain growth promoter, had an evident effect on grain size growth. Further increase of the BMT content inhibited the grain growth of BCZT samples. Temperature dependence of the dielectric properties showed that all the BCZT–BMT solid solution ceramics exhibited relaxor-like characteristics. With increasing BMT content, the Curie temperature was first increased and then decreased, giving a maximum value of 218 °C for the 0.4BCZT–0.6BMT composition. Furthermore, stable dielectric constants and low losses were obtained with 0.5≤x≤0.7 in the wide temperature range, indicating that the system possess potential for high-temperature application.     

Ba(Zr_(0.055)Ti_(0.945))O_3含量对[(Na_(0.80)K_(0.16)Li_(0.04))_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)]TiO_3陶瓷性能的影响

系统研究(1-y)[(Na0.80K0.16Li0.04)0.5Bi0.5]TiO3-yBa(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3无铅压电陶瓷,获得压电应变常数高达185pC/N的0.94[(Na0.80K0.16Li0.04)0.5Bi0.5]-TiO3-0.06Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3压电陶瓷。样品的晶体结构为三方相、四方相共存,处于准同型相界(morphotropic phase boundary,MPB)附近。该类陶瓷室温MPB的摩尔(下同)含量为0.050y0.065。样品y=0.060在40°左右的(003)、(021)双峰与46.5°左右的(002)、(200)双峰分裂最明显。随着Ba(Zr0.055Ti0.945)O3含量的增加,铁电相-反铁电相相变温度(θd)升高、反铁电相-顺电相相变温度(θm)降低;θd和θm的温差越来越小,材料的弛豫性逐渐降低。     

Pt/Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3)/La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3)电容器的结构和铁电疲劳特性EI北大核心CSCD

采用偏轴磁控溅射法,以单晶钛酸锶(001)SrTiO_(3)(STO)为衬底,不同沉积温度下外延生长了La_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3)(LSCO)氧化物底电极。X射线衍射仪(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)结构表征以及四探针方阻测试结果表明:LSCO薄膜外延(00l)取向最优温度沉积条件为550℃。此外,利用脉冲激光沉积法,以LSCO/STO异质结为模板,构架了Pt/Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3)(NBT)/LSCO/STO铁电电容器。XRD和AFM结构表征表明:NBT薄膜为(00l)外延结构。电流密度-电压测试曲线结果表明,室温变为70℃时,Pt/NBT/LSCO异质结漏电流密度有所增加,但未改变导电机制:低压下为欧姆导电和高压下为陷阱的空间电荷限制电流导电。在5 V驱动电压下,室温和70℃时,Pt/NBT/LSCO电容器具有饱和的电滞回线和保持特性,且经过10^(10)翻转后,均未产生疲劳。     

水热法制备Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3陶瓷及其性能

以五水硝酸铋(Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O)和二氧化钛(TiO_2)为原料,氢氧化钠(NaOH)为矿化剂,采用水热法合成了具有钙钛矿结构的钛酸铋钠Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3(BNT)无铅压电陶瓷粉体和陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对产物晶体结构进行表征,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察产物粉体的表观形貌和粒径,并测试了陶瓷的电性能。结果表明,在200℃反应4h,NaOH浓度为6 mol/L,可以水热合成出单一晶相,粒径约为200nm的BNT粉体,用此粉体在1130℃烧结的陶瓷的介电常数ε_r=385.26,压电系数d_(33)=98cP/N。     

Structure and microwave dielectric properties of La(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3–CaTiO3 system

(1−x)La(Mg_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ (LMT)–xCaTiO₃ (CT) [0<x<1] ceramics were prepared from powder obtained by a nonconventional chemical route based on the Pechini method. The crystal structure of the microwave dielectric ceramics has been refined by Rietveld method using X-ray powder diffraction data. LMT and CT were found to form a solid solution over the whole compositional range. The 0.9LMT–0.1CT composition was refined using P2₁/n space group, which allows taking into account B-site ordering. The compounds having x⩾0.3 were found to be disordered and were refined using Pbnm space group. Microstructure evolution was also analysed. Dielectric characterization at microwave frequencies was performed on the LMT–CT ceramics. The permittivity and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of the solid solutions showed a non-linear variation with composition. The quality factor demonstrates a considerable decrease with the increase of CT content.     

BaTiO_3-Bi_(0.5)K_(0.5)TiO_3高温无铅PTCR陶瓷的制备

作为钙钛矿结构的Bi0.5K0.5Ti O3,其居里温度(Tc)高达380℃,是极好的高温无铅PTCR(Positive temperature coefficient of resistance)陶瓷的制备材料。研究制备了Y2O3掺杂的高温无铅(1-xmol%)Ba Ti O3-xmol%Bi0.5K0.5Ti O3(简写为BT-x BKT,x=8,10)PTCR陶瓷,材料的居里温度达到190℃,电阻突跳约2个数量级。采用扫描电镜研究了陶瓷的微观形貌,并且分析了材料的微观结构对材料耐压特性的影响。     

(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3粉体的球磨时间对陶瓷显微结构与性能的影响

本文研究了(Bi<,0.5>Na<,0.5>)<,0.94>Ba<,0.06>TiO<,3>(BNBT6)陶瓷制备过程中球磨时间对BNBT6粉体和BN8T6陶瓷结构和性能的影响,研究发现:随球磨时间的延长,BNBT6粉体粒径小断减小,s/v不断增加,但变化幅度不断减小,球磨20h后的粉体粒度达到0.20μm,且粒度分布较窄.随球磨时问的延长,用相应粉体制得的BNBT6陶瓷电学性能都随球磨时间的增加先增大后减小,且球磨20h的粉体制得的BNBT6陶瓷压电性能最好,常温下其压电常数d<,33>达到145 pC/N,K<,p>达到0.305,Q<,m>达到160,介电常数达到1400,介电损耗为0.052(10kHz).