Strong tribocatalysis of strontium titanate nanofibers through harvesting friction energy for dye decomposition

Friction is a common clean energy and can be harvested and converted into electricity energy via triboelectricity, which can electrochemically drive dye decomposition in theory. In this work, the tribocatalytic Rhodamine B dye decomposition has been experimentally realized in strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) nanofibers, which are synthesized via a hydrothermal method. In the tribocatalytic dye decomposition process, the friction is exerted in the interface between catalyst surface and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Teflon rod setup with the different stirring speed. The RhB dye decomposition ratios of SrTiO₃ nanofibers at these stirring speeds of 200 rpm, 400 rpm, 600 rpm, and 800 rpm are respectively 24.2%, 51.8%, 73.9% and 88.6%, yielding to these reaction rate constants of ～0.0112 h^?1, ～0.0260 h^?1, ～0.0562 h^?1 and ～0.0877 h^?1. The main active species, which play an important role in tribocatalytic process, are the superoxide radicals and holes on basis of the active species quenching experiment results. The excellent tribocatalysis activity makes SrTiO₃ nanofibers potential for application in dye wastewater treatment through utilizing the environmental friction energy.     

Fast synthesis of NaNbO3 nanoparticles with high photocatalytic activity for degradation of organic dyes

NaNbO₃ nanoparticles were obtained using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method followed by heat treatment. It has been shown that heat treatment to increase the crystallinity of the material and modifies particle shape, from nanowires to nanograins. Nanowires with a diameter of approximately 35 nm and a length of tens of micrometers were obtained in the shortest time ever reported in the literature. Particles in the shape of nanograins with a diameter of approximately 35 nm were obtained by burning the nanowires. The photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was investigated through the photodegradation of Rhodamine B dye. Electronic structure analysis using density functional theory (DFT) along with experimental techniques was performed to help understand the photocatalytic activity of each sample. The obtained nanoparticles were highly favorable for photocatalytic applications, especially the nanograins, which degraded 100% of the dye in 50 min.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of chitosan‐supported cobalt phthalocyanine membrane

A chitosan‐supported cobalt phthalocyanine membrane was prepared by deposition for use as a new environmentally friendly and economical photocatalyst. The structure and surface morphology of the polymer catalyst were analysed by Fourier Transform‐infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The polymer photocatalyst was used for degradation of Rhodamine B, a stable dye material. Rhodamine B degradation reached 99% in aqueous solution at room temperature under ultraviolet irradiation. The influence of pH, the initial concentration of Rhodamine B, and the catalyst concentrations were investigated. The results revealed that the chitosan‐supported membrane is an attractive photocatalyst for Rhodamine B degradation. It retained 60% of its initial catalytic activity after being reused five times.     

纳米ZnO的制备及其光催化性能研究

本文以羟丙基纤维素（HPC）作为分散剂,运用沉淀法制备出了粒径均匀的ZnO颗粒.通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）,X射线衍射（XRD）,紫外可见光吸收光谱,光致发光谱（PL）对ZnO进行了性能表征,并探讨了其形成机理及制备中的影响因素.利用纳米ZnO作为光催化剂对有机染料罗丹明B进行了光降解实验,实验结果表明,此方法制备的ZnO具有良好的光催化性能,有望在治理环境污染等领域具有良好的应用.     

Use of vegetable oil in supported liquid membrane for the transport of Rhodamine B

The transport of Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous feed solution containing sodium hydroxide through a flat supported liquid membrane (SLM) sheet containing vegetable oil as a carrier to an aqueous strip phase was investigated. The transport rate of Rhodamine B was found to increase with sodium hydroxide concentration in the feed phase. The influence of pH on the feed (source) phase, the effects of sulphuric acid concentration in the strip (receiving) phase, stirring speed, initial dye (RB) concentration and temperature were studied. Transport kinetics and stability of the membrane were also studied. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with 1.0 µm pore size used as the membrane was found to be more permeable than that with 0.5 µm pore size. The feed solution at pH 11 ± 0.1 has the highest permeability. The initial feed solution concentration of 1.06 × 10^− 4 mol/L was completely extracted and stripped into 0.3 mol/L sulphuric acid solution in 5 h. Raising of pH in the feed solution from 7 to 13 ± 0.1 leads to an increase in dye permeation from 9.81 × 10^− 5 to 6.18 × 10^− 4 cm/s. It was observed that dye flux across the membrane tends to increase with stirring speed.     

11种中草药水提物抗氧化活性研究

罗丹明B在可见光区有强烈的吸收,它与羟基自由基反应生成无色物质,使体系的吸光度降低,中药水提取物可以清除溶液中的.OH,从而使溶液吸光度下降的程度降低,据此原理建立了一种测定中药的抗氧化活性的方法。分别测定了11种中药的抗氧化活性,其中以五倍子的抗氧化活性最强。     

罗丹明B光谱探针测定祛斑霜中微量汞

罗丹明B为光谱探针,研究了在三羟甲基氨基甲烷-HCl缓冲溶液(pH=6.5)中,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)存在下,分光光度法测定祛斑霜中微量汞离子,得出了测定的优化条件.实验表明,室温下罗丹明B-SDBS-Hg2+形成水溶性三元复合物,最大吸收波长为554 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.43×105L·mol-1·cm-1.Hg2+质量浓度在0～3.00μg/mL范围内服从朗伯-比尔定律.检出限为0.021μg/mL,加标回收率为98.5%～100.3%,RSD为1.06%～1.11%.     

Comparison of four oxidants activated through tetraacetylethylenediamine for developing sustainable and rapid degradation of organic dye

Four common oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium percarbonate (SPC), sodium perborate (SPB) and sodium persulphate (SPS), were activated with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) to degrade an azo dye, CI Reactive Red 195, in water, for building a novel and rapid oxidative system comprising the merits of cost‐effectiveness and high sustainability. Elevated temperature and high pH level enhanced the activation effect of TAED for accelerating dye degradation. Peracetic acids were confirmed to be the main oxidative species for dye degradation in four TAED/oxidant systems. Hydroxyl radicals and sulphate radicals were also involved in dye degradation in the TAED/SPS system, which showed a stronger oxidative capacity than the other three systems over a wide pH range. More importantly, the addition of inorganic salts or surfactants also favoured the dye degradation in TAED/oxidant systems. Although a slow mineralisation process of the dye was found when the TAED/SPC or SPS system was used, low‐toxic intermediates were detected after the degradation.     

Synthesis of ultrabright nanoporous fluorescent silica discoids using an inorganic silica precursor

The templated sol-gel synthesis of ultrabright fluorescent nanoporous silica particles based on the use of organic silica sources has previously been reported. The use of organosilanes as the main silica precursors has a number of issues, in particular, the low robustness of the synthesis due to instability of the organic silica source. Here we report on a novel synthesis of ultrabright fluorescent nanoporous silica discoids (a specific shape in-between the sphere and disk) of 3.1 ± 0.7 microns in size, which were prepared using a stable inorganic sodium silicate silica source. Organic fluorescent dye Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was physically (non-covalently) entrapped inside cylindrical nanochannels of ～4-5 nm in diameter. In contrast to the synthesis with organic silica precursors, the obtained particles showed an excessive leakage of dye. To prevent this leakage, we modified the synthesis by adding a small amount of a secondary silica source. The synthesized particles show virtually no leakage, high photostability, and a brightness equivalent to the fluorescence of up to 7 × 10(7) free R6G molecules. This is about 7 times higher than the fluorescent brightness of particles of the same size made of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and 420 times higher than the brightness of the same volume of aqueous solution of free R6G dye.     

Effect of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis conditions on the photocatalytic properties of BiNbO4 and silver nanocomposites

Developing new photocatalysts based on metal oxide semiconductors for dye degradation under sunlight irradiation is an expanding area of research. These studies mainly focus on efficiency enhancement by controlling the morphology and crystalline structures, lowering the bandgap energy, and adding co-catalysts. Here we describe the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of bismuth niobate nanostructures (BiNbO₄) and its decoration with silver nanoparticles through an in situ microwave-assisted reflux synthesis. The resultant catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance, zeta power and electrochemistry. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by quantifying hydroxyl and superoxide radicals generated by holes and electrons photogenerated on the catalyst surface, respectively, and through the degradation of Rhodamine B. The studies revealed that the crystalline structure strongly depends on the irradiation conditions, forming a mixture of triclinic and orthorhombic BiNbO₄. Also, the decoration method results in the formation of metallic Ag, AgO and Ag₂O. As a result, the catalyst formed by BiNbO₄ synthesized at 150 °C and 550 W irradiation power, decorated with silver nanoparticles, showed the highest photocatalytic activity (32.6%).     

3种负载Cu2O的载体对印染废水处理的比较

以凹凸棒石、活性炭和超微孔聚氨酯为载体,用液相合成法制备3种负载Cu2O的载体,并以吸附降解罗丹明B的效果,探讨其光催化氧化性能。试验结果表明,当模拟罗丹明B染料废水的初始质量浓度为200mg·L^-1,反应时间为50min,该3种负载Cu2O的载体投加量分别为11．0g·L^-1,9．0g·L^-1和5．og·L^-1,对模拟染料废水中罗丹明B的去除率分别达到81．64％、87．21％和78．46％。5次重复使用该3种催化剂后对罗丹明B的去除率仍较好。     

高铁酸钠溶液的制备及其对染料的脱色作用

采用次氯酸盐氧化法,以次氯酸钠与硫酸铁为原料,现场制备高铁酸钠溶液,确定了铁盐投加量、氢氧化钠投加量、反应温度、反应时间等最佳制备条件,并应用于染料废水。实验结果表明,高铁酸钠溶液最佳制备条件为:10g氢氧化钠,2.80g硫酸铁,反应温度33℃～36℃,反应时间60min。所制备的高铁酸钠摩尔浓度为0.03mol/L。应用于染料废水色度的去除时,其最佳降解工艺参数为:投加的高铁酸钠的体积百分比为1.2%,溶液pH值为中性6～8,反应温度选择室温,反应时间为0～15min时最佳。     

紧实型GO/PVDF复合膜对有机染料的去除性能研究

采用氧化石墨烯(GO)改性PVDF膜，利用浸没沉淀相转化的方法制备了紧实型GO/PVDF复合膜，对膜的亲水性、纯水通量和表面Zeta电位等性能进行了考察，并选择罗丹明B和甲基橙分别代表正负电荷染料，对膜的吸附、脱附和截留性能进行了考察。结果显示，膜的纯水通量从45.10 L/(m²·h)增加到58.40 L/(m²·h)。GO含量为0.50%(质量)时(M2)，膜的综合性能较优。GO/PVDF复合膜对罗丹明B的吸附效果较好，1.5 d之后，M0~M3的吸附量分别为1.02、1.24、1.79和1.49 mg/g。乙醇对罗丹明B的脱色率达到80%以上。膜对甲基橙的吸附效果较差，M2的吸附量仅为0.46 mg/g，0.10 mol/L HCl溶液对甲基橙脱色率达到86%以上。膜对两种染料的截留率均保持在57.60%和57.20%以上。为纳米材料改性有机膜的制备以及对有机染料的去除提供了一定的科学依据。     

Transparent zinc silicate/ zinc oxide crystallized glass-ceramics for water remediation application under visible light

The present study focuses on taking advantage of both Zinc Silicate (Zn₂SiO₄) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) crystals in the glass matrix for enhancing photocatalytic activity. The fabricated samples were used as a photocatalyst for degrading ～ 5 mg/L concentrated “Methylene Blue” (MB) and “Rhodamine B” (RB) dye separately under visible light. For this, 44 SiO₂:11 Al₂O₃:35 ZnO:10 K₂O compositions were prepared via the traditional melt quench process followed by heat treating at a temperature of 750 °C at 2, 4, and 6 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to characterize the fabricated samples. The bandgap measured from Differential reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was found to decrease with an increase in the heat treatment duration. 44 SiO₂:11 Al₂O₃:35 ZnO:10 K₂O composition heat-treated at 750 °C for 2 h degraded ～59% and ～71% of Rhodamine B (RB) dye and Methylene Blue (MB) dye under visible light in 4 h.     

The use of Jatobá bark for removal of cationic dyes

In this work, the application of Jatobá bark (the waste product of medicinal plant processing) in removal of the cationic dyes Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Rhodamine B from aqueous solution was studied in a batch system. The effect of contact time, pH and temperature on dye removal was investigated. An increase in pH from 2 to 10 was accompanied by an increase in the amount of dye adsorbed. The equilibrium sorption data fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir–Freundlich equations were investigated. The Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm exhibited the best fit with the experimental data and the maximum adsorption capacities at room temperature being 211.5, 89.5 and 69.4 for Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue and Crystal Violet, respectively. The kinetic sorption was evaluated by the pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order and intraparticle diffusion models. It was observed that sorption follows the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters for the sorption process were also determined. The spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption was obtained based on the negative value of free energy (ΔG) and the positive value of enthalpy (ΔH). The results indicate that Jatobá bark could be used as a low‐cost material for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater.     

罗丹明B的声化学反应速率研究

选择了水溶液中的罗丹明B的声化学反应为研究体系,探讨了超声频率为19.6 kHz时,罗丹明B声化学反应的速率规律。结果表明,在实验条件下,罗丹明B的声化学反应符合一级反应的动力学规律,反应速率常数随着超声功率的增加而增加,随着操作温度、罗丹明B的初始浓度和pH值的增加而减小,当罗丹明B的初始浓度为0.01 mmol/L,操作温度为35℃,超声功率为230 W,pH值从1.9变化到11.7时,其声化学反应速率常数从0.21 min-1变化到4.39×10-2min-1;曝气也能影响罗丹明B的声化学反应速率常数。     

g-C3N4/MIL-125(Ti)磁性复合材料制备及其去除罗丹明B

为解决能源短缺和环境污染等问题,探究半导体光催化材料去除有机污染物,以MIL-125(Ti)为光催化剂载体,g-C₃N₄为有机半导体,Fe₃O₄@SiO₂为磁性载体,通过溶剂热法合成了一系列不同质量配比的可见光响应型MIL-125(Ti)复合材料。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪等对复合材料的样品组成、结构、形貌及光学性能等进行表征分析。进一步通过正交试验评价该复合材料去除罗丹明B的性能。研究结果表明,最适宜去除罗丹明B的操作工艺条件为：光催化时间为4.0h,g-C₃N₄与MIL-125(Ti)的质量配比为1∶20,催化剂投加量为0.01g,罗丹明B溶液的浓度为10.0mg/L。在该条件下罗丹明B的去除率可达到96.57%。经过4次循环实验后,去除率仍能达到86.52%。g-C₃N₄/MIL-125(Ti)磁性复合材料的制备工艺和去除有机染料机理可为相关研究提供借鉴。     

α-Bi2O3 nanosheets: An efficient material for sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B

Herein, we report the sunlight driven photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic dye, Rhodamine B using α-Bi₂O₃ nanosheets as an effective photocatalyst. The α-Bi₂O₃ nanosheets were prepared by simple annealing assisted thermal decomposition method and characterized by several techniques in order to understand its morphological, compositional, structural and optical properties. Morphological, structural and compositional investigations confirmed the formation of sheet-like morphologies, high-crystalline monoclinic crystal structure, and pure α-Bi₂O₃, respectively. The synthesized α-Bi₂O₃ nanosheets exhibited a high photocatalytic degradation of a toxic organic dye, i.e. Rhodamine B (RhB). Under optimal reaction conditions, ～95% photocatalytic degradation of RhB (10 mg/L, pH 10) was observed in 180 min using 0.75 g/L catalyst dosage under sunlight irradiation. According to the findings, the synthesized catalyst had outstanding photocatalytic properties and can be used to cleanse textile wastewater under direct sunlight.     

超声辅助合成磁性四氧化三铁/氧化石墨烯复合物及其在染料去除中的应用（英文）

A simple ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation method was developed to prepare ferroferric oxide/graphene oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4/GO MNPs). The hysteresis loop of Fe3O4/GO MNPs demonstrated that the sample was typical of superparamagnetic material. The samples were characterized by transmission electron microscope, and it is found that the particles are of small size. The Fe3O4/GO MNPs were further used as an adsorbent to remove Rhodamine B. The effects of initial pH of the solution, the dosage of adsorbent, temperature, contact time and the presence of interfering dyes on adsorption performance were investigated as well. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics data were fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model respectively. The adsorption process followed intra-particle diffusion model with more than one process affecting the adsorption of Rhodamine B. And the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. Furthermore, the magnetic composite with a high adsorption capacity of Rhodamine B could be effectively and simply separated using an external magnetic field. And the used particles could be regenerated and recycled easily. The magnetic composite could find potential applications for the removal of dye pollutants.     

罗丹明B与十二烷基硫酸钠胶团的相互作用

采用荧光光谱法研究了罗丹明B与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)胶团的相互作用以及无机盐的影响。结果表明,罗丹明B作为探针分子可以用来测定表面活性剂SDS在水溶液中的临界胶团浓度。两者之间的相互作用可用缔合常数Ka定量表示,体系中Ka值随着无机盐浓度的增大而增大,表明罗丹明B与SDS胶团的相互作用增大。