膜生物反应器中膜的清洗研究

对膜生物反应器处理柠檬酸酸洗废水中膜的清洗进行了研究，通过不同的清洗方法对膜通量的恢复程度进行评价。确定了反冲洗时间及反冲洗周期，经过试验研究与分析，在反冲洗的同时结合正洗的清洗方法，效果好于单纯的反冲洗方法；确定了化学清洗剂种类、清洗剂的用量以及化学清洗周期。采用物理清洗与化学清洗相结合的方法，清洗效果很好。保证了MBR的稳定运行。     

火力发电厂锅炉除尘冲灰水管道系统不停车单向式化学清洗

通过对火电力发电厂锅炉除尘、冲灰水管道系统采用不停车单向式化学清洗方法的介绍，阐述了该种清洗方法的清洗过程、操作要点，并对其清洗效果进行了评价。     

直流锅炉氢氟酸化学清洗

本文介绍了运行直流锅炉采用氢氟酸半闭半循环化学清洗方法的工艺特点、控制方法等,详细叙述了化学清洗过程,通过清洗效果比较,说明了半闭半循环化学清洗方法的优势,炎同类型锅炉进行氢氟酸化学清洗提供了经验借鉴。     

直流锅炉氢氟酸化学清洗

本文介绍了运行直流锅炉采用氢氟酸半闭半循环化学清洗方法的工艺特点、控制方法等,详细叙述了化学清洗过程,通过清洗效果比较,说明了半闭半循环化学清洗方法的优势,炎同类型锅炉进行氢氟酸化学清洗提供了经验借鉴。     

反渗透膜的污染及其化学清洗

反渗透膜的污染是反渗透系统应用中最大的问题之一，及时的化学清洗可有效地恢复反渗透膜的性能、延长其使用寿命。对反渗透膜的污染及其化学清洗方法进行了综述，主要内容包括反渗透膜污染物的种类，污染物形成的原因，以及清洗时机的选取，清洗药品的选择，影响清洗效果的主要因素、清洗系统的构成，化学清洗的方法和清洗效果的评价指标。     

电机化学清洗

本文重点介绍了电动机采用化学清洗的原理、工艺、效果以及该方法的优点.同时将电机化学清洗和汽油清洗作经济效益的分析比较,从而得出电机化学清洗是一种高效、优质、安全、节能的清洗工艺.     

化学清洗在炼油厂加热炉上的应用

详细阐述了炼油厂生产装置的加热炉对流段炉管的腐蚀情况，通过对腐蚀原因的分析，采用了化学清洗的方法进行清洗，效果很好。     

U型管式水冷器的化学清洗

针对中国石油天然气股份有限公司辽河石化分公司催化装置U型管式水冷器E-204进行化学清洗盼准备工作、清洗步骤、清洗过程监测及清洗后评价进行了阐述。结果表明，采用分次加酸的清洗方法对U型管束水冷器的清洗效果是不错的。     

膜的化学清洗

膜清洗是膜分离技术应用中的的一个重要问题。着重讨论了膜化学清洗清洗剂的种类、化学清洗条件和清洗效果的评价方法。化学清洗剂包括酸、碱、表面活性剂、氧化剂、酶、螯合剂等，清洗效果可以用膜的通量恢复率和清洗液杂质含量评价。     

一种硫酸盐、硅酸盐水垢化学清洗技术的研究和应用

通过对水垢形成的原因、水垢主要成分及特性的分析,是使用化学清洗方法有效地去除垢层的必要前提,同时也有助于清洗配方的研究和清洗工艺流程的制定。硫酸盐垢和硅酸盐垢是水体结垢后常见的污垢类型,同时也是难溶型水垢,常规的化学清洗方法除垢方法经常达不到预期的清洗效果。本文通过对硫酸盐、硅酸盐水垢特性、形成原因、分子结构等的研究分析,采用常规及新型化学清洗剂相互配合,选用合理的清洗工艺流程对此类难溶性水垢进行清洗,得到良好的清洗效果且满足化学清洗相关技术标准。     

A model analysis on the reasons for unstable operation of jet-pulsed filters

Various physically based models are available to describe an uneven distribution of the filter cake on the filter area of jet-pulsed bag filters. Such an uneven distribution is intrinsically present, when only segments of the filter are cleaned at a time but not the entire filter. Moreover, also patchy cleaning causes an uneven filter cake loading, since only a fraction of a filter cake is removed by a jet pulse while the other fraction remains basically intact on the filter cloth. Unstable filter operation can be defined by a continuous or periodic reduction of the filtration time per cleaning pulse. The operation of a jet-pulsed filter was mathematically simulated and, by systematically altering model parameters, unstable operation was obtained. Three situations were investigated: a continuous increase of the filter cake resistance parameter, a continuous increase of the filter cloth resistance parameter, and a particular cake detachment function where, after a filter cake survived some filter cycles, it can hardly be removed. The transient pressure difference simulation results reveal characteristic patterns: Taking normal stable operation as a reference, an increase of the filter cake resistance leads to shorter filtration and somewhat longer cleaning intervals (i.e., more cleaning pulses). An increase of the filter cloth resistance causes longer filtration and also considerably more cleaning pulses. Deficient filter cleaning gives shorter filtration periods and extremely long cleaning intervals. A comparison between model simulations and pilot plant results shows that there, the experimentally observed unstable operation can most likely be attributed to problems with cake detachment. Hence appropriate measures for avoiding unstable operation were successfully introduced.     

浅论卧式压滤机滤布自动清洗设备的特点及应用

介绍三种最常见的卧式压滤机的滤布清洗方式:上置式单边洗、上置式双边洗、下置式单边洗。对这三种清洗方式的工作原理、所依托平台的基本结构及它们各自所具有的优缺点进行了详尽的阐述。且列出了一些大致的选型依据,以便使用者更好的选择清洗设备,使其发挥最大的清洗效果。     

煤气化装置烧结金属滤芯清洗再生技术

探讨了煤气化装置烧结金属滤芯的再生方法,采用空气吹扫、初步水冲洗、超声波清洗等步骤可使滤芯再生,对再生后的滤芯进行了透气性检验,结果满意。     

Distributions of age, thickness and gas velocity in the cake of jet pulsed filters—application and validation of a generations filter model

Different imperfections are observed with jet pulsed filters. They manifest themselves most obviously in the curve of the pressure drop versus time. A convex pressure drop curve indicates cake compaction. But jet pulsed filters frequently show a concave rise of the pressure drop curve. This phenomenon is due to a strongly nonuniform cake area load on the filter and it is generally attributed to incomplete cake removal. Incomplete cake removal takes place when only a fraction of the total filter area is cleaned at the end of a filter cycle or when patchy cleaning prevails. Patchy cleaning means that a jet pulse removes the entire filter cake of only a fraction of the exposed filter area except for a thin adhesive dust layer.In this paper a filter model is proposed in which the different classes of cake thickness are understood to result from different cake generations. A cake becomes one generation older when it survives the jet pulse cleaning at the end of a filtration cycle, although the area that is occupied by the cake on the filter medium is diminished by the jet pulse.This generations filter model can be used to find the distributions of age, thickness and gas velocities in the cake from steady-state operational data. The steady-state, periodic model provides a complete basis for the simulation of heterogeneous gas/solid reactions in the cake of jet pulsed filters.In the model intermediate cake build up during the cleaning procedure is considered. There redeposition of removed filter cake also takes place, and its extent is estimated. The model can also serve to determine from macroscopic process data, if the cleaning system of a filter installation operates in the undesirable mode of patchy cleaning.Experiments from a pilot plant for dry flue gas cleaning are presented and the generations filter model is validated with the experimental data.     

熔体过滤器的压差分析及滤材的酸洗

通过对熔体过滤器的压差组成进行分析 ,找出影响过滤器使用周期短的原因 ,分析滤材的清洗方法对清洗效果的影响。     

熔体过滤器的控制

介绍了HYPOX过滤器的工艺流程特点及其过滤室的工作状态和控制。当过滤室脏后,其清洗是在原位上进行的。清洗范围包括过滤室,过滤元件,过滤室与转向阀之间的熔体管道,以及转向阀通道。由于采用了生化单元(冷凝器和洗涤塔),因此排到大气中的污染物为最小,清洗过程是全自动进行的。     

Experimental and analytical modeling of the filtration mechanisms of a paper stack candle filter

A candle filter consisting of a paper stack is an adequate device to clarify the grinding oil employed in the industrial post-processing of hard metal because of its cleaning efficiency and its regenerative capability by means of backwashing. The complex particle deposition mechanisms occurring in this device have not yet been investigated. Filtration experiments with a suitable particle-oil suspension were performed in a pilot filter and in a laboratory filter in order to investigate and model the mechanisms taking place in the process. The effect of operating parameters such as particle concentration and pressure difference on filter performance was evaluated. The results show that more than one filtration mechanism takes place simultaneously. While some depth filtration occurs at the beginning of the lifetime of a candle filter, blocking and cake filtration are the major mechanisms responsible for the filter clogging. Although blocking and cake filtration occur, to some extent, simultaneously, the cake filtration is the mechanism relevant for the modeling and scale-up of the long term filtration process.     

陶瓷过滤器脉冲反吹用喷嘴优化设计

The experimental study was carried out to optimize the nozzle shape and dimension for the pulse cleaning of a ceramic filter candle. A bench scale unit of ceramic filter consisting of four commercial filter elements was used to measure the traces of the transient pressure around the nozzle and the overpressure in the filter cavity during the pulse-jet injection of pulse gas. Overpressure in the filter cavity is related to the pulse cleaning force. Nozzle design is concerned to increase the overpressure at the open end of filter element of pulse cleaning inlet, as well as to minimize the consumption of pulse gas. Convergent nozzle induces more secondary flow and generates higher pulse cleaning effect than straight nozzle. Nozzles of different convergent ratio （ratio of outlet to inlet diameter of nozzle） by changing the convergent angle and height were tested. The outlet diameter of convergent nozzle seriously influences the cleaning effect. The optimum convergent ratio increases with the increase of pulse gas pressure The nozzle position （distance of nozzle tip from the open end of filter inlet） is also important to decide the nozzle dimension. Nozzle of large outlet diameter accepts high pressure of pulse gas to provide large overpressure in the filter cavity of top position by applying long distance.     

滤料清洗剂的研制与应用

油田污水过滤系统的滤料表面主要吸附的污物有油污、悬浮杂质、细菌及其产物、硫化亚铁、氧化铁、水垢及三次采油用聚合物等,滤料清洗温度低、难度大,以往的清洗剂除油率低,难以满足生产现场需要。针对油田污水过滤系统中滤料的清洗,依据表面活性剂清洗原理,通过实验与筛选,研制出的滤料清洗剂配方,具有低温低泡沫、高效除油、良好的配套性、经济环保等特点,除油率大于95％,经油田现场应用完全符合生产要求。     

油浆过滤器滤芯组合清洗技术的研究与应用

通过采用溶剂除油、烘烤除垢、催化转性、酸洗和超声波清洗相结合的清洗工艺和专用药剂配方,有效地清除了油浆过滤器滤芯表面及滤网夹层中的油浆、催化剂粉末和杂质,取得了较好的清洗效果.