共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
《中国洗涤用品工业》2017,(8)
简述了表面活性剂对环境的影响及研究进展。着重讨论了表面活性剂的研究方法及表征,各种生物降解过程、降解机理和影响表面活性剂生物降解的因素。并对表面活性剂的安全性及毒性、温和性及对皮肤和黏膜的刺激性进行了简要介绍。 相似文献
6.
对ISO 10634-1995“水质———水介质中用于难溶有机物生物降解性能评价水溶液的制备与处理指南”推荐的方法进行逐一筛选,以期建立油溶性表面活性剂生物降解度测定的标准方法。实验结果表明,将油溶性表面活性剂超声乳化后,制备成粒径200 nm~300 nm乳液后,立即分散于水体系中进行降解,结果重复性较好,并且不影响油溶性表面活性剂生物降解度。用该方法对常见的油溶性表面活性剂的生物降解度进行了测定,结果表明大部分油溶性表面活性剂具有很好的生物降解性能;其降解规律与水溶性表面活性剂类似,疏水链长决定油溶性表面活性剂的生物降解性能,而亲水基团影响其生物降解速度。 相似文献
7.
烷基苯磺酸盐的生物降解性与其结构及降解时间的关系研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
运用拓扑指数研究方法,证明阴离子表面活性剂烷基苯磺酸盐系列化合物的生物降解性与其结构及降解时间之间具有明显的相关性,通过回归分析得到降解性(Y)与分子二阶连接性指数(2Xn)及降解时间(T)的相关模型方程式,其复相关系数R>0.09,标准偏差E=1.131,平均标准偏差D=0.017,在传统的单变量QSBR-表面活性剂生物降解与其结构之间的定量关系研究中引入第二变量时间因子,是一种新的尝试,补充和完善了QSBR,提高了结果的合理性和准确性,也扩大了其适用范围,为众多的同名系列化合物生物降解性的预测和评价提供了一种新的方式和手段。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
表面活性剂在微生物降解石油中的应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
石油污染日益严重,利用微生物降解石油是一种经济有效的石油污染治理方法.石油中低水溶性、强吸附性的组分,不利于微生物降解,添加表面活性剂是提高石油生物可利用性的常用方法.综述了近年来表面活性剂在石油的微生物降解中的应用研究进展,分析了选择合适的表面活性剂时应考虑的因素. 相似文献
12.
The primary aerobic biodegradation of several cationic and amphoteric surfactants has been studied by using the shaking-flask
degradation test and orange II spectrophotometric analysis. The results show that cationic and amphoteric surfactants can
be readily biodegraded, with their degradation exceeding 94%. The degradation kinetics can be accurately described by the
Boltzmann model. The relationship between structure and biodegradability is discussed. The presence of hydrophobic groups
has a strong effect on the biodegradability of these surfactants. Biodegradability decreases with increasing chain length.
The presence of hydrophilic groups mainly affects the degradation rate of these surfactants, but not their ultimate biodegradeability.
Bio-degradability is deterred and degradation is slowed as steric hindrance increases. Degradation rates increase markedly
when hydrophilic groups containing an amide bond are pres-ent. 相似文献
13.
L. Kravetz 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1981,58(1):58A-65A
The biodegradation of alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE) is reviewed. Biodegradation test methods,
ranging from laboratory tests to full-scale waste treatment plant studies are described for these surfactants. A comparison
is made between primary and ultimate biodegradability criteria and the limitations of the various analytical methods used
in these determinations are discussed. The most recently published data suggest sewage bacteria degrade AE by a mechanism
which is different from that by which APE degrades. The use of radiolabeled surfactants to elicit more detailed information
about the biodegradation mechanisms of AE is described. The role of biodegradation on the impact of surfactants released to
the environment is assessed, and future environmental concerns for nonionics are considered. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
Yi‐Tang Chang Jiunn‐Fwu Lee Chun‐Hsiung Hung 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2007,82(5):442-452
The influence of two non‐ionic surfactant additives (Triton X‐100 and Brij 35) on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation was evaluated using the chemical molecular interaction method, which is based on the theory of cohesive energy density (CED). The results indicated that PAHs have relatively higher CED values because aromatic compounds with labile π are more polarized and this encourages molecular attractions involving induced dipole force. Under different PAH‐surfactant compositions, similar CED values, which facilitated their intermolecular attractions through π–π electron interactions, gave rise to a similar biodegradation pattern. For example, when induced enzymes were able to target the same molecular bonding on the PAH and Triton X‐100, rapid degradation rates were observed in both systems. The distribution of the PAH in the monomer or micelle surfactant bulk affected the rate of PAH biodegradation. Quantification of the bacterial activity by applying specific oxygen uptake requirements (SOUR) identified an effect involving chemical molecular interaction. Changes in the physiological characteristics as measured by BioLog GN microplate measurements were identifiable and also could be related to the chemical structure of the dual substrates. Community‐level physiological profiling (CLPP) changed when PAH biodegradation took place in the presence of the different surfactants. Cluster analysis using matching coefficient and carbon degradation potential values also varied with the different PAH‐surfactant compositions. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献