An all‐solid actuator, consisting of a polyaniline (PANI) film and a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) of poly(ethylene oxide) derivative (STO288), clearly showed a reversible displacement in an atmosphere when a voltage was applied between the PANI film and the SPE layer. The displacement and the response rate are mainly dependent on the applied voltage and the employed supporting salt, but are influenced by the humidity and temperature of the environment. The results of the present experiments have revealed that the influences of the humidity and temperature on the performance of the actuator are predominantly through the ionic conductivity of the SPE.
All‐solid actuator consisting of PANI and SPE. 相似文献
Polymer electrolytes are solvent-free ion-conducting polymers and provide new and attractive materials in both polymer chemistry and electrochemistry. A proper understanding of ion dissociation and ion transport in such polymers is necessary for their application as solid electrolytes in electrochemical devices. Ionic conduction behaviour in polymer electrolytes is described here in relation to the characteristic properties. Of special interest is the ability of polymer electrolytes to include various kinds of electroactive molecules within them. The combination of this ability with their high ionic conductivity has enabled polymer electrolytes to be used as media for electrochemical syntheses and redox reactions. 相似文献
Summary: Melt extrusion can be used to prepared GPTPS mixed with alkali metal chlorides (LiCl, NaCl and KCl) as a potential solid polymer electrolytes. SEM reveals that excess salt results in the congregation of salt crystals, which affects the mechanical properties and conductivities of GPTPS. FT‐IR spectroscopy shows that alkali metal ions can interact with starch, which restrains starch recrystallization, as proved by XRD. The introduction of salts improves the elongation at break, but reduces the tensile stress of GPTPS. Both salt content and water content have an effect on the conductance of GPTPS. The introduction of salts increases the conductance by a factor of 1–2, while the conductance increases about 5 orders of magnitude as the water content increases from 0.05 to 0.55 wt.‐%. The relationship of conductance versus water content can be well described by a second‐order polynomial, with R2 > 0.96. The type of salt has no obvious effect on the correlation between the conductance and water contents.
SEM micrographs of native starch granules and fractured surfaces of GPTPS filled with different types and amounts of alkali metal chlorides per 100 g starch. 相似文献
Plasticizers with amide groups (urea and formamide) and polyols (glycerol, glucose, and sorbitol) were used to prepare thermoplastic starch (TPS) containing NaCl salt as solid polymer electrolytes (SPE). Fourier Transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy revealed that both plasticizers and Na+ could form the interaction with starch, and plasticizers containing amide groups had stronger hydrogen bond‐forming abilities with starch than polyols. These interactions prevented starch molecules from crystallizing again, indicated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that starch granules were in a molten state and a continuous phase of TPS was formed. Among TPS as SPE, formamide‐plasticized TPS (FPTPS) had the largest elongation at break and lowest tensile stress. The conductance of TPS was sensitive to water. TPS plasticized by solid plasticizers had the higher sensitivity of the conductance to water contents at the low water contents (<0.1). The relationship of the conductance and water contents was in agreement with the second‐order polynomial correlation when water contents were below 0.45. FPTPS had the best conductance as a whole. At the medium water content (0.2), the conductance of FPTPS containing NaCl was about 10?3 S · cm?1.
