CdSe@ZnS胶体量子点的合成及其在发光二极管中的应用

以氧化镉、硒粉和二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌为原料,采用微流体法合成了稳定的CdSe@ZnS核-壳结构胶体量子点,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微电镜(TEM)、荧光光谱仪(PL)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)对量子点的结晶性能、微观形貌和发光性能进行了表征。将CdSe@ZnS核-壳结构量子点作为量子点发光二极管(QLED)的发光层材料,成功组装出ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD/Cd Se@ZnS/PCBM/Li F:Al三明治结构的量子点发光二极管,在2 V电压下成功点亮,器件发出黄色光,亮度达到4500 Cd/cm~2。     

基于荧光铜纳米簇用于钴离子的超灵敏免标记检测

为了检测浓度超标的重金属离子,探讨了一种新的荧光探针传感器检测法。利用柠檬酸钠作为还原剂合成铜纳米晶,然后加入半胱氨酸作为刻蚀剂和保护剂,与铜纳米晶配体交换反应合成荧光铜纳米簇,以铜纳米簇作为荧光探针建立了一种检测水样中重金属钴离子的方法。该方法是基于钴离子存在时,破坏铜纳米簇,导致荧光迅速降低。在较宽的钴离子浓度范围(1~100μmol/L)内,铜纳米簇荧光淬灭程度与浓度呈线性关系(R=0.970 0),其检出限较低(0.567 1μmol/L)。铜纳米簇传感器特异性选择钴离子,不受其他金属离子干扰,检测的选择性较好。基于此,完成对钴离子的超灵敏免标记检测,且EDTA可作为钴离子的螯合剂,实现了铜纳米簇传感器的循环反复使用。     

以谷胱甘肽修饰的CdTe量子点为荧光探针测量超痕量As(Ⅲ)

以谷胱甘肽(GSH)为稳定剂,在水相中制备了CdTe量子点,基于As3+离子对量子点荧光的淬灭作用,建立了定量测定As3+离子的方法。CdTe量子点对As3+离子呈现出高选择性,其它常见金属离子的存在对铜的测定几乎不产生干扰。考察了不同反应时间和不同价态砷等因素对CdTe量子点的影响,量子点的相对荧光强度与As3+离子的浓度呈很好的线性关系,该方法的线性范围为0.2~2·2μM,检出限为20 nM。本方法简单、快速,与文献报道的其它基于量子点荧光探针As3+离子分析方法相比,此法对As3+离子呈现出更高的选择性。将此法用于实际废水中As3+离子含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

巯基乙酸稳定的CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点的制备与表征

用非均相成核原理,在水溶液中制备CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点,并研究合成工艺,包括前驱物的滴加方式和用量、CdSe核的水浴反应时间、CdSe与ZnS的摩尔比等因素对CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点荧光性能的影响.用透射电子显微镜和x射线衍射仪测试核壳结构量子点的形貌和结构.用紫外吸收光谱与荧光光谱表征CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光性能.结果表明:ZnS壳层在CdSe核量子点表面外延生长,形成了核壳结构;CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光性能明显高于单一的CdSe量子点;合成的工艺条件会显著影响CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光性能.     

基于金属离子检测的纳米荧光传感器

基于纳米材料构筑的金属离子荧光传感器克服了传统荧光传感器检测能力弱,稳定性不足,检测条件受限制等缺陷,为金属离子的检测提供更加灵敏、准确的方法。构筑金属离子荧光传感器的纳米材料主要有金属纳米粒子、量子点、磁性纳米粒子、硅纳米材料、碳纳米材料等,针对近年来基于这些纳米材料构筑的金属离子荧光传感器的制备、结构、性能以及应用进行了综述,同时展望了基于纳米材料的荧光传感器的发展前景与方向。     

铜离子荧光传感器的研究进展

铜离子是生命体系中所必需的微量元素,是对环境可造成污染的重金属离子,如何有效地检测出铜离子是人们一直以来所关注的课题。目前以荧光为输出信号的化学传感器来检测金属离子的手段颇受人们重视。本文主要介绍了近年来对铜离子化学荧光传感器方面的研究进展。     

核壳量子点研究进展

核壳量子点是半导体材料研究热点之一。介绍了核壳量子点各种结构及其应用,着重综述了近年来有机合成路线制备核壳量子点方法,包括高温入注法、交替离子层吸附生长法、单前体法、种子生长法、离子交换法、一锅法等,并简述了各自的实验原理。最后对核壳量子点的制备研究进行了展望。     

纳米生物标记技术研究进展

从量子点的光学特征、制备、核/壳结构的意义、量子点荧光标记物的优越性、量子点标记生物分子后在单个细胞及临床组织样品检测中的应用等方面综述了量子点在生命科学领域的研究进展。     

木质素磺酸钙-石墨烯复合量子点的制备及性能

木质素磺酸盐是造纸工业主要副产物之一,本文利用木质素磺酸钙和柠檬酸为原料通过绿色简便的原位反应制备木质素磺酸钙/石墨烯复合量子点,利用荧光光谱、紫外可见光谱和透射电镜等研究了复合量子点的光学性能、结构模型和对金属离子的选择性吸附性能,结果表明该复合量子点的荧光强度是石墨烯量子点的4倍多,并且复合量子点可以选择性识别Fe³⁺,在10～500μmol/L范围内,Fe³⁺的浓度与复合量子点溶液的荧光强度有良好的线性关系,可应用于Fe³⁺的检测。此荧光探针制备简便,成本低廉,检测铁离子速度快,准确性高,选择性好,在离子检测方面有潜在的应用价值。     

硅壳包裹核/壳型CdSe/CdS纳米晶的制备与性能研究

采用低温水热技术,分别以柠檬酸、聚乙二醇(PEG400)和甲硫氨酸为稳定剂,在水相中合成了核壳型CdSe/CdS量子点,研究了稳定剂、CdSe与CdS物质的量比对量子点发光性能和结构的影响。XRD结果表明,当CdSe∶CdS在1∶3~4时,CdS主要在CdSe的外延生长,形成核壳型纳米粒子,当比例达到1∶5时,CdS单独成晶现象严重。CdSe∶CdS=1∶4时,核壳型量子点具有较高的荧光发射效率。TEM研究表明CdS在CdSe外表面生长形成较为完整的壳层,有效钝化CdSe表面,减少表面缺陷,从而显著提高CdSe量子点的发光效率。CdSe核尺寸为2~3nm的核壳型纳米粒子外包裹一层SiO2壳后,荧光发射效率没有显著提高,发射峰位置无明显红移。量子点包壳后能有效提高该量子点的光化学稳定性,提高量子点的生物相容性。     

Simplistic hydrothermal synthesis approach for fabricating photoluminescent carbon dots and its potential application as an efficient sensor probe for toxic lead(II) ion detection

The past decade has witnessed a variety of members of the carbon family along with exposure of carbon dots due to their magnificent properties in sensing, bioimaging, catalytic applications, biomedical fields, and so on. Herein, we report the simple hydrothermal method to fabricate photoluminescent doped carbon quantum dots for the detection of noxious lead(II) ions. Lead(II) ion is very venomous for both the environment and human health for which its detection is demanded area in the research field. The as-prepared carbon dots show excellent photostability, low toxicity and significant photoluminescence properties along with good water solubility. Along with these properties, carbon dots have a quantum yield of approximately 15%. In the practical field of application, these carbon dots have been used as sensing probes for the detection of lead(II) ions with a detection limit of 60 nmol·L^–1. The fluorescence intensity of carbon dots was remarkably quenched in the presence of the lead(II) ion selectively among all the tested metal ions. Furthermore, we have studied the Stern–Volmer relationship for lead(II) quenching along with the explanation of the probable quenching mechanism. Ability of the doped carbon dots in heavy metal ions sensing in an environmental sample was demonstrated.     

Functionalized magnetic-fluorescent hybrid nanoparticles for cell labelling

A facile method of synthesizing 60 nm magnetic-fluorescent core-shell bifunctional nanocomposites with the ability to label cells is presented. Hydrophobic trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)-capped CdSe@ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were assembled on polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (MNP). Polyethyleneimine was utilized for the realization of multifunction, including attaching 4 nm TOPO capped CdSe@ZnS quantum dots onto magnetite particles, altering the surface properties of quantum dots from hydrophobic to hydrophilic as well as preventing the formation of large aggregates. Results show that these water-soluble hybrid nanocomposites exhibit good colloidal stability and retain good magnetic and fluorescent properties. Because TOPO-capped QDs are assembled instead of their water-soluble equivalents, the nanocomposites are still highly luminescent with no shift in the PL peak position and present long-term fluorescence stability. Moreover, TAT peptide (GRKKRRQRRRPQ) functionalized hybrid nanoparticles were also studied due to their combined magnetic enrichment and optical detection for cell separation and rapid cell labelling. A cell viability assay revealed good biocompatibility of these hybrid nanoparticles. The potential application of the new magnetic-fluorescent nanocomposites in biological and medicine is demonstrated.     

Optical properties of Cu ions‐doped ZnSe quantum dots in silicate glasses

In order to alleviate the effect of the surface defects on the emission properties of quantum dots, copper ions‐doped ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) in the glasses are prepared using melt‐quenching and subsequent thermal annealing methods. For glasses without copper doping, tunable band‐edge emission from ZnSe QDs is achieved. For glasses with copper doping, efficient energy transfer from ZnSe QDs to copper ions is observed, and efficient broad band emission from copper ions is realized at the expense of the band‐edge emission of ZnSe QDs. Absorption spectra, size‐dependent broad‐band emission spectra and electron spin resonance spectra show the cupric ions are doped into the ZnSe QDs. Results reported here shows that doping of transition‐metal ions into semiconductor QDs in glasses is promising for development of high efficient luminescent glasses.     

A facile and highly sensitive probe for Hg(II) based on metal-induced aggregation of ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots

Sensitive and selective detection strategies for toxic heavy metal ions, which are rapid, cheap and applicable to environmental and biological fields, are of significant importance. As a result of specific interaction between thiol(s) used as ligands and heavy metal ions, the photoluminescence intensity of quantum dots (QDs) in PBS buffer solution was quenched and the aggregation of QDs was formed at the same time. Herein, we present water-soluble, low toxic QDs, ZnSe/ZnS, which were applied for ultrasensitive Hg(2+) ion detection with a low detection limit (2.5 nM). In addition, a model has been proposed to explain the aggregation of QDs in the presence of heavy metal ions such as Hg(2+) ions.     

石墨烯量子点修饰柔性硅纳米线阵列用于NO2检测

将化学刻蚀法与金属辅助刻蚀法相结合,制备了形貌统一、分布均匀的高质量柔性硅纳米线阵列结构,用石墨烯量子点对其表面进行修饰,得到了表面稳定且具有强载流子传输能力的柔性石墨烯量子点/硅纳米线核?壳结构阵列,用其制备气敏设备检测NO2. 结果表明,基于该阵列的电阻式气敏设备对NO2的检测灵敏性及可重复性极高,检测浓度极限达20 mg/m3;不同弯曲度的柔性石墨烯量子点/硅纳米线阵列的气敏特性未大幅度降低,弯曲90o时响应电流峰值为未弯曲时的70%.     

Electrochemical detection of copper ion using a modified copolythiophene electrode

This paper studies the detection of copper ions by using an iminodiacetatic acid (IDA) modified conducting copolymer electrode. The copolymer film comprising 3-methyl thiophene (3MT) and 3-thiophene acetic acid (3TA) was chosen as the selective metal cation sensing electrode. The carboxylic group of the copolymer was modified to produce IDA group for metal ion capture. The modified electrode was used for the electrochemical analysis of trace copper ions by square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The electrode was found to be highly selective to Cu²⁺ in the range of 0.1-10 μM. The modified electrode offered an excellent way, with a high stability and reusability, for selective determination of Cu²⁺ in a solution of mixed metal ions.     

Time-dependent pH sensing phenomena using CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in EIS structure

Time-dependent pH sensing phenomena of the core-shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) sensors in EIS (electrolyte insulator semiconductor) structure have been investigated for the first time. The quantum dots are immobilized by chaperonin GroEL protein, which are observed by both atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. The diameter of one QD is approximately 6.5 nm. The QDs are not oxidized over a long time and core-shell CdSe/ZnS are confirmed by X-ray photon spectroscopy. The sensors are studied for sensing of hydrogen ions concentration in different buffer solutions at broad pH range of 2 to 12. The QD sensors show improved sensitivity (38 to 55 mV/pH) as compared to bare SiO₂ sensor (36 to 23 mV/pH) with time period of 0 to 24 months, owing to the reduction of defects in the QDs. Therefore, the differential sensitivity of the QD sensors with respect to the bare SiO₂ sensors is improved from 2 to 32 mV/pH for the time period of 0 to 24 months. After 24 months, the sensitivity of the QD sensors is close to ideal Nernstian response with good linearity of 99.96%. Stability and repeatability of the QD sensors show low drift (10 mV for 10 cycles) as well as small hysteresis characteristics (<10 mV). This QD sensor is very useful for future human disease diagnostics.     

提高钙钛矿量子点稳定性的研究进展

钙钛矿量子点具有发光谱带较窄、发光可调、量子效率高等优异的光学性能,在发光二极管、激光发射器等领域广受关注。但是钙钛矿量子点由于强离子性、高表面能及表面配体易迁移等特性而对环境高度敏感,使其在实际应用中受到限制。本文简要介绍了钙钛矿量子点结构和不稳定的原因,综述了近年来提高钙钛矿量子点稳定性的主要方法,重点从离子掺杂、表面钝化、表面包覆及多重保护4个方面展开论述。最后从绿色环保的角度出发,对高稳定生物质基钙钛矿量子点材料的制备进行了展望,提出使用具有特定结构的生物质材料及其衍生材料取代传统石油基试剂作为配体、溶剂或吸附重金属离子的外壳材料,可加速钙钛矿量子点朝着绿色低毒的方向发展。