直接把CO2转化为碳的研究进展

二氧化碳的利用和转化是近年来人们普遍关注的研究课题,进行二氧化碳转化成碳的研究,对环境保护和碳资源的再利用有着十分重要的意义。本文对３二氧化碳还原为碳的研究现状进行了综述,并展望了今后此领域研究的发展前景。     

水泥生产企业CO2排放量的计算

2007年《中国应对气候变化国家方案》（简称《国家方案》）的发布,标志着我国全面推进减排工作新的起点。水泥工业是温室气体二氧化碳排放大户,是《国家方案》明确指出的我国应对气候变化的重点领域。近几年来,依据《国家方案》提出的具体目标、基本原则及其政策措施,水泥工业通过产业结构调整和推进科技进步,获得了显著的减排成效。根据《国家方案》的具体要求,中国建筑材料科学研究总院等机构开展了水泥生产企业二氧化碳排放量计算的基础研究工作。     

我CO2基降解塑料技术跻身世界前列

从水泥窑尾气中提取二氧化碳（CO2），通过一系列工艺将其制备成食品级纯净度，再作为原料用于全降解塑料生产，这项具有独立知识产权，国内首创的全生物降解二氧化碳共聚物技术，目前已由内蒙古蒙西高新技术集团开发成功并投入实际应用。用此技术建立的年产3000t全生物降解二氧化碳共聚物示范生产线，至今已经实现安全运行两年多，共生产产品6000多t，各项技术指标均达到世界领先水平。这标志着该公司二氧化碳基生物降解塑料技术跻身世界前列。     

中国水泥业能源需求和CO2排放量情景分析

1 引言 多年来，中国的水泥工业一直在高位运行，2005年中国的水泥产量是世界水泥产量的45％。2006年产量继续增加，已经跨过12亿吨，毫无疑问中国是世界水泥生产大国和消费大国。另一方面，水泥生产中的能源、资源消耗居高不下，并排放大量的二氧化碳等大气污染物。研究中国水泥业的能量消耗和CO2减排很有意义。     

CO2灭火系统生产和工程设计中存在的问题—低压CO2灭火系统调研报告

《二氧化碳灭火系统设计规范》（GB50193－93）中,未对低压二氧化碳灭火系统进行规定。通过对调查情况的总结分析,指出了目前国内二氧化碳灭火系统生产、工程设计、施工安装等方面存在的一些问题,提出了解决建议。     

地层水条件下水泥CO2腐蚀机理研究

对于海上一些高含CO2酸性油气田来说，在井下适宜的湿度及压力环境条件下，二氧化碳对碱性水泥会产生严重的腐蚀，降低固井水泥的强度和胶结性能，使得水泥环完整性和长期耐久性得到破坏，水泥环与套管形成的密封作用将减弱甚至失效，产生井口带压等复杂工况事故。论文通过分析水泥在CO2酸性介质中的腐蚀机理，探讨井下温度、CO2分压对水泥性能的影响情况，研究结果表明：温度和CO2分压增大，水泥强度降低，渗透率增大，均质性遭到破坏。     

液体CO2作发泡剂的聚氨酯软泡生产工艺及设备

介绍了以液体二氧化碳作物理发泡剂生产软质聚氨酯泡沫的生产工艺、技术特点及其设备;并对新工艺与传统工艺在产品性价方面进行了比较。     

二氧化碳在水泥基材料中的应用研究进展

为了缓解二氧化碳对环境造成的压力,许多专家学者进行了二氧化碳在水泥基材料中的应用研究,从二氧化碳养护、二氧化碳强化再生骨料、内掺二氧化碳三个方面进行了归纳和总结.得出了二氧化碳养护能缩短混凝土制品的生产周期,提高生产效率,以及改善水泥浆体的孔隙结构;二氧化碳强化再生骨料可以使再生骨料的密实度增大、吸水率减小、压碎值减小等;内掺二氧化碳对水泥水化过程,以及水泥基材料的性能均会产生一定的影响,若应用得当,对凝结时间、水化热、强度等性能有一定的改善作用.综上所述,二氧化碳在水泥基材料中的应用,已经取得了一些较好的成果,但为了更好的发挥其在水泥基材料中的作用,还需进一步加强其对水泥水化过程、以及水泥基材料耐久性等方向的影响研究.     

新型含氮多孔有机聚合物材料吸附CO2的研究进展

含氮有机聚合物材料是一类具有较高比表面积的多孔材料,材料骨架中含有富电子的氮物种,可与二氧化碳产生较强的相互作用,能够显著提高二氧化碳的吸附性能。以含氮多孔有机聚合物材料为基础,介绍了该类聚合物材料的分类、结构、性质和特点以及对二氧化碳的吸附性能,综述了含氮多孔有机聚合物材料在二氧化碳吸附方面的最新进展,探讨了其在吸附应用中存在的问题,展望了含氮多孔有机聚合物材料在吸附二氧化碳方面的发展趋势。     

生物酒精副产CO2的资源利用

广西将要大力发展生物酒精产业,同时将会副产大量的二氧化碳,二氧化碳是一种温室气体,同时也是一种碳氧资源.笔者从化学利用的角度,论述了二氧化碳在无机化工、有机化工、高分子材料方面的资源利用和发展前景.     

超临界CO_2中CO_2参与的化学反应

超临界CO2中的化学反应是目前的研究热点之一。超临界CO2既为反应介质又为反应物的化学反应的主要优势是将萃取与反应相耦合形成均相体系,排除了传质阻力,提高了反应的速率和选择性;产物与催化剂易于分离;同时CO2作为反应原料无毒、不燃、易得,不但可以代替有机溶剂和有毒原材料,而且可有效利用CO2。介绍了超临界CO2作为反应原料所参与化学反应的类型及特点,简单综述了这些化学反应的研究进展,并对未来的发展提出展望。     

HPHT treatment of CO2 containing and CO2-related brown diamonds

Ten type I diamonds containing CO₂ and three diamonds related to these (referred to as “Pseudo CO₂” diamonds) were treated by the HPHT process to observe changes in colour, colour distribution, inclusions, luminescence and spectral features in the visible to the mid-infrared regions. All samples were of predominantly brown colour before the treatment and had rather inhomogeneous colour distribution not related to strain like in classic type Ia brown diamonds. Upon HPHT treatment most of them changed to a more yellow hue, with a greenish modifying colour, but the dominant colour was still brown. The modification of colour was found to be much more discreet than it is the case for deformation-related type Ia brown diamond and the colour was not at all related to known centers such as H3. The colour modifications were caused by the destruction of broad absorption bands in the Vis–NIR spectrum by the HPHT process and generally increased transmission from 400 to 700 nm, likely related to a slight increase in single nitrogen, but no typical HPHT annealing related colour centers such as H3 and H2 were produced in the spectra of the samples. This could be confirmed by the luminescence when excited by shortwave and longwave UV light, under which all samples showed a yellow emission that was practically not modified by the treatment.The infrared spectra of the 10 CO₂ diamonds, defined by the presence of at least the CO₂ stretching (ν₃) and bending (ν₂) absorptions, were unusually modified by the HPHT treatment: the treatment caused the CO₂ bands to increase in intensity in diamonds with low to medium CO₂ content, and the apparently diminished the intensity of the nitrogen-related one phonon absorptions (when present). In the spectra of the three “Pseudo CO₂” samples, which lack by definition the CO₂ peaks, the CO₂ peaks were created and the one phonon absorption reduced by the treatment. The photoluminescence spectra exhibiting several unpublished emission peaks remained practically unchanged by HPHT processing: none of the emissions were annealed out and no new centers created.The data obtained by HPHT treatment leads us to propose, that the theory of solid CO₂ inclusions being responsible for the CO₂ absorptions in diamond may be erroneous, and that the CO₂ may be present structurally. Thus it is proposed that structurally bonded oxygen may play an important role in such diamonds.The present study indicates that treated CO₂ and “Pseudo CO₂” diamonds can in most cases not be identified by the methods available in well-equipped gemmological laboratories, since no detectable defect centers appear to be induced by the treatment.     

超低分压下CO2在NaOH和Na2CO3水溶液中的溶解度

在10℃、25℃、35℃下分别测定了超低分压下CO2在NaOH和Na2CO3水溶液中的溶解度，并建立了该过程基于化学平衡和相平衡的数学模型。建立了一套CO2在碱性水溶液中吸收的相平衡实验装置，并进行了实验测试和结果分析。     

一种具有高CO吸附容量和高CO/N2及CO/CO2分离选择性的CuCl@β吸附剂

研制了一种新型的CuCl@β分子筛吸附剂材料,它不仅对CO有着高吸附容量,而且对CO/N₂和CO/CO₂的二元混合气有着高吸附选择性。利用自发单层分散的原理制备了一系列的CuCl@β分子筛材料,分别应用氮气吸附以及XRD进行表征。CO在CuCl@β分子筛上吸附等温线和动态透过曲线分别通过静态吸附和固定床实验获得。依据IAST理论模型计算了CuCl@β分子筛对CO/N₂二元混合物和CO/CO₂二元混合物的吸附选择性。研究结果表明:(1)氯化亚铜的负载增强了一氧化碳在CuCl@β分子筛上的吸附容量,其最佳负载量为0.4 g·g^-1。(2)CuCl@β分子筛吸附剂在增强CO的吸附量的同时,还降低了对二氧化碳和氮气的吸附。由于Cu⁺-CO π位络合键的存在,提高了CuCl@β分子筛对二元混合物CO/N₂和CO/CO₂的吸附选择性。(3)在低压下(0～10 kPa)下0.4CuCl@β分子筛对CO/N₂和CO/CO₂的吸附选择性分别高达1600～5200和120～370,远大于原始的β分子筛。CuCl@β分子筛对CO有着超高吸附容量以及吸附选择性,将会是一种很有潜力的CO分离提纯材料。     

Solubility and absorption rate enhancement of CO2 in K2CO3

The influence of addition of 2-(1-piperazinyl)-ethylamine (as a promoter) on the solubility and absorption rate of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in aqueous potassium carbonate solution (as a main solvent) was investigated experimentally, using a vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) equipment in temperatures from 303.15 to 323.15 K and CO₂ initial partial pressures between 25 and 75 kPa. The experimental data showed that the addition of 2-(1-piperazinyl)-ethylamine to potassium carbonate solution results in a significant enhancement in the solubility and absorption rate of CO₂. The response surface methodology was applied to explore the relationship between independent parameters on the CO₂ loading capacity of blended solution.     

乙烯产品中微量CO、CO2测定的探讨

本文将乙烯产品中微量的CO、CO2测定方法中的预切条件进行了改正，即将双柱预切改为单柱预切，并对色谱操作条件进行了优化。改正后的方法操作简单、基线稳定、无阀切换信号的干扰，且准确性高、重复性好，在工业分析上有很大的应用价值。     

Contact interaction and hot pressing of ZrB2-MoSi2 in CO/CO2 atmosphere

ZrB₂-15 vol% MoSi₂ ceramics were hot pressed in CO/CO₂ atmosphere in the 1700–1900^oС temperature range. During hot pressing, MoSi₂ decomposes into Mo and Si and the phase composition of the as-sintered ceramic results in ZrB₂, (Zr, Mo)B₂, SiC, SiO₂, and MoB. Contact melting between ZrB₂ and MoSi₂ was observed at 1800^oC, corresponding to the formation of (Zr, Mo)B₂. Ceramics obtained at1800–1850^oС had ∼ 500 МPа and 200 MPa strength at room at 1800^oC in vacuum, respectively. The thickness of the oxidized scales upon exposing the samples at 1600 ^oC for 120 min was 30–80 µm and depended on the amount of residual MoSi₂ and (Zr, Mo)B₂. The highest oxidation resistance was observed for the ceramic sintered at 1850 °C.     

Na2CO3基吸附剂颗粒制备及其脱碳性能

采用挤压-滚圆法制备Na₂CO₃基CO₂吸附剂微球颗粒,在自行设计的CO₂吸收系统中对制备的样品进行脱碳性能测试。结合相关表征测试,探明不同载体、不同负载量的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂的微观结构、脱碳性能以及机械性能的变化规律和内在原因。研究表明：不同载体的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂颗粒脱碳性能存在明显差异,其中氧化铝负载的吸附剂（Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃）的脱碳性能最好,可达1.14mmol/g。铝酸钙水泥负载的吸附剂（Na₂CO₃/CA）机械性能较好,但其脱碳性能最差。结合吸附剂脱碳和机械性能的综合考量,Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃是最为合适的CO₂吸附剂,并进一步研究不同Na₂CO₃负载量的影响。研究发现随着Na₂CO₃负载量的变化,吸附剂的微观结构、脱碳性能以及机械性能都存在明显的差异。虽然60%负载量的Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸附剂颗粒的机械性能和脱碳效果较好,但其成球度较差,影响其实际应用。质量分数40%负载量的Na₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸附剂颗粒具有良好的脱碳性能、机械性能以及成球度,CO₂脱除量为1.36mmol/g。总体而言,利用挤压-滚圆法制备的Na₂CO₃基吸附剂颗粒具有良好的流动特性、脱碳性能和机械性能,适用于电厂烟气中的CO₂脱除。     

Membranes for CO2 /CH4 and CO2/N2 Gas Separation

Membrane technology has emerged as a leading tool worldwide for effective CO₂ separation because of its well-known advantages, including high surface area, compact design, ease of maintenance, environmentally friendly nature, and cost-effectiveness. Polymeric and inorganic membranes are generally utilized for the separation of gas mixtures. The mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) utilizes the advantages of both polymeric and inorganic membranes to surpass the trade-off limits. The high permeability and selectivity of MMMs by incorporating different types of fillers exhibit the best performance for CO₂ separation from natural gas and other flue gases. The recent progress made in the field of MMMs having different types of fillers is emphasized. Specifically, CO₂/CH₄ and CO₂/N₂ separation from various types of MMMs are comprehensively reviewed that are closely relevant to natural gas purification and compositional flue gas treatment     

以二氧化碳和焦为原料生产低氢、低氮一氧化碳

介绍了在没有O2的条件下,以CO2和焦为原料,用固定床造气炉生产低H2、低N2的CO的方法和气体净化的工艺过程;同时也介绍了在生产过程中如何控制高浓度CO泄漏的方法.用该方法生产的CO体积分数能达97%,且过程能耗低,生产规模灵活,生产成本低,可满足CO用于羰基合成的要求.