Pt/ZSM-22催化剂酸性原位调控及加氢异构性能

采用水热法合成ZSM-22分子筛并制备催化剂载体,通过负载贵金属Pt,制备出高分散Pt/H-ZSM-22加氢异构催化剂。以n-C₁₂为原料,考察催化剂的加氢异构性能,在正构烷烃加氢异构反应过程中,通过在原料油中引入一定量含氮物种二正丁胺,使其在催化剂酸性位上发生化学吸附,对催化剂酸性进行原位调控,考察催化剂性能变化。结果表明,随着反应温度提高,酸性调控后的Pt/N-ZSM-22液体收率下降缓慢,且转化率达到85%以上时,Pt/N-ZSM-22的异构选择性比Pt/H-ZSM-22高出约3个百分点。酸性调控后的Pt/N-ZSM-22可通过提高反应温度进行含氮物种脱附,恢复催化剂酸位点的可接近性。采用酸性调控后的催化剂用于以加氢裂化尾油为原料的加氢异构反应,基础油收率均较调控前催化剂有明显提高。     

Pt/USY催化剂上FCC柴油加氢改质反应性能

制备了加氢改质催化剂Pt/USY、Pt/1.0K-USY和Pt/2.0K-USY,并借助XRD、N₂等温吸附-脱附、NH₃-TPD和Py-FT-IR表征了这3种催化剂的结构和酸性,同时以预精制FCC柴油为原料,采用固定床反应器研究了上述催化剂的加氢改质反应性能.结果表明,在金属Pt负载量相同和催化剂孔道结构相似的情况下,催化剂的反应活性和选择性主要取决于催化剂的酸量和酸强度以及酸分布,相对而言,具有适宜酸性的Pt/1.0K-USY催化剂更有利于芳烃饱和与选择性开环反应,其加氢改质柴油满足国V标准要求.     

载体对Pd和Pt催化剂加氢脱硫反应性能的影响

以质量分数为0.8%的二苯并噻吩(DBT)的十氢萘溶液为模型化合物,考察了SiO_2,Si-MCM-41和Al-MCM-41负载的Pd和Pt催化剂加氢脱硫(HDs)反应性能,并与传统的γ-Al_2O_3负载的催化剂进行了对比.反应结果表明,负载型Pd和Pt催化剂在DBT的HDS反应中表现出不同的反应特点.Pd催化剂具有较高的加氢反应路径(HYD)选择性,而Pt催化剂则表现出较高的直接脱硫路径(DDS)选择性.载体结构和表面酸性显著影响其负载的Pd和Pt贵金属催化剂的HDS活性以及HYD选择性和稳定性.提高载体比表面积和酸性有利于提高负载型贵金属催化剂HYD选择性.Al-MCM-41具有规整的介孔结构、较高比表面积和较强酸性,其负载的Pd和Pt催化剂表现出较高的HYD选择性和稳定性.研究还发现,催化剂加氢裂化反应活性随载体酸性的提高而增加.     

正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上加氢异构反应性能

采用SAPO-11分子筛制备Pt/SAPO-11双功能加氢异构催化剂,以n-C₈、n-C₁₂和n-C₁₆为模型化合物考察正构烷烃的加氢异构反应性能。结果表明,所制备的催化剂具有较好的异构化活性和选择性,其中单甲基支链异构产物收率和总异构产物收率分别可达60%和75%以上,是低凝柴油和高档润滑油基础油的理想组分。不同链长正构烷烃的异构化产物分布基本一致,但链长较长的正构烷烃更容易发生异构化反应和裂解反应,在保证相同转化率条件下长链烷烃裂解产物收率偏高且异构选择性降低。     

正十二烷在Pt/ZSM-22和Pt/ZSM-23上的加氢异构反应性能

采用常规水热合成法合成了ZSM-22和ZSM-23分子筛,进而制备了分别含有上述分子筛的催化剂,并借助XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD和Py-IR表征了这两种分子筛和催化剂的结构和酸性,同时以正十二烷为模型化合物,采用固定床反应器研究了Pt/ZSM-22和Pt/ZSM-23催化剂上正十二烷加氢异构反应性能。结果表明,在这种模型反应基础上,催化剂的反应活性和选择性主要取决于催化剂的酸量和酸强度以及酸分布,相对而言,ZSM-22分子筛催化剂由于其弱酸和中等强度酸的含量较高,具有更佳的异构化选择性。     

对氯硝基苯加氢用Pt/C催化剂载体改性研究

采用不同试剂对活性炭进行预处理,并采用浸渍法制备一系列5％ Pt/C催化剂,并考察不同预处理方式对对氯硝基苯催化加氢性能的影响.结果 表明,HNO3、H3PO4、EDTA和NaOH对催化剂选择性和转化率都有一定程度提升,经HNO3预处理的5％Pt/C催化剂性能最优.当HNO3浓度为15％时,对氯硝基苯的转化率为98％,...     

改性NiO/HMCM-56催化剂重芳烃加氢脱烷基反应

采用浸渍法制备了磷钼酸(H3PMo12O40)改性的Ni O/HMCM-56催化剂,并用NH3化学吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)表征了改性催化剂的结构,考察了改性的Ni O/HMCM-56催化剂上PMo12负载量和工艺条件对重芳烃加氢脱烷基反应的影响。结果表明,负载磷钼酸的Ni O/HMCM-56的催化剂对不同种类的酸分布有一定影响。采用1%的PMo12改性Ni O/HMCM-56催化剂,在460℃、3.0 MPa、WHSV3.6 h-1、V(H2):V(C+9)1 600的反应条件下,重芳烃加氢脱烷基C+9的转化率、BTX收率及BTX(苯、甲苯、二甲苯)选择性分别为56.6%,53.3%,93.9%。     

正构烷烃加氢异构反应的研究进展

对正构烷烃加氢异构反应及加氢异构催化剂的研究进行了综述，详细讨论了烷烃的加氢异构反应机理和加氢异构催化剂的制备技术。     

成型工艺条件对加氢脱硫催化剂载体机械强度的影响

介绍了成型过程中的工艺条件对加氢脱硫催化剂载体机械强度的影响。结合实验结果,制备出了催化性能良好、强度高的加氢脱硫催化剂。     

载体对Pt-Sn催化乙酸加氢制乙醇性能的影响

以硝酸铂和草酸亚锡为金属前躯体,利用等体积共浸渍法制备了Pt含量为1.5%(wt)的Pt-Sn催化剂,考察了载体(Ca Si O3改性的Si O2,γ-Al2O3和Ti O2)对乙酸气相选择性催化加氢制备乙醇性能的影响。结果表明,Pt-Sn/Ca Si O3-SiO2、Pt-Sn/γ-Al2O3和Pt-Sn/TiO2催化剂上乙醇的选择性基本相同且高达86%左右,但前者的催化活性、乙酸的转化率和乙醇收率都要高于后两者。对于Pt-Sn/Ca Si O3-Si O2催化剂,在反应温度范围内,催化活性、乙酸转化率、乙醇选择性和收率随着反应温度的升高而增加,当反应温度超过300℃时,乙醇选择性基本保持不变。催化加氢生成乙醇的表观活化能相对较高,为47.6878 k J·mol-1。在2.2 MPa和325℃条件下,Pt-Sn/Ca SiO3-SiO2的催化活性、乙酸转化率、乙醇选择性和收率分别为0.35 mmol·s-1·g Pt-1、90.73%、86.96%和78.89%。     

Al掺杂的Cu/SBA-15催化剂用于己二酸二甲酯加氢合成1,6-己二醇

作为一种重要的有机合成原料,1,6-己二醇(HDO)的工业化生产主要通过己二酸二甲酯(DMA)加氢反应来实现,而理性设计开发相应的Cu基催化剂是提高HDO产率的关键。本文采用Al掺杂的介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体制备得到了一系列CuAlx/SBA-15催化剂,探究了使用该催化剂用于DMA加氢反应合成HDO的催化性能和催化机理,并对反应条件进行了优化。研究结果表明：CuAl₅/SBA-15催化剂能够增加催化剂的路易斯酸酸量,提高Cu⁺/Cu⁰的比例,从而提升DMA加氢反应的选择性,同时Al的掺杂也能减少Cu活性组分的团聚,从而增强催化剂的稳定性。当反应温度为240℃、反应压力为6MPa、反应时间为6h时,HDO的反应产率达到最大,为87.05%;重复使用CuAl₅/SBA-15催化剂36h后,HDO的反应产率能够维持在86.01%左右。本文的研究结果对设计Cu基催化剂用于酯加氢反应具有一定的借鉴意义。     

The influence of zeolite acidity for the coupled hydrogenation and ring opening of 1-methylnaphthalene on Pt/USY catalysts

The influence of framework and extraframework composition of USY zeolite on the catalytic performance of bifunctional Pt/USY (1 wt.% Pt) catalysts for the coupled hydrogenation and ring opening of 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN) has been studied on a continuous fixed bed high pressure reactor. All Pt/USY catalysts showed very high methylnaphthalene (MN) conversions under the reaction conditions studied (T=300–375 °C, P=4.0 MPa, WHSV=2 h⁻¹, H₂/1-MN=30 mol/mol). Product yields and selectivities were mainly determined by the zeolite composition (i.e. acidity). Selectivity to products with the same number of carbon atoms than the feed (C11) increased, at constant temperature, with decreasing the Brönsted acidity of the USY zeolite, that is, with decreasing the concentration of framework Al (FAL) and increasing extraframework Al (EFAL). Selectivity to high cetane ring opening products (ROP=C11-alkylbenzenes (C11AB) and C11-alkylcycloalkanes) within the C11 fraction was higher for the less acidic catalysts. A maximum yield of ROP of ca. 15 wt.% at a C11 yield of ca. 73 wt.% was obtained at 350 °C (P=4.0 MPa, WHSV=2 h⁻¹, H₂/1-MN=30 mol/mol) for a USY zeolite with an intermediate degree of dealumination (a₀=24.33 Å) and containing all the EFAL (bulk Si/Al ratio of 2.6). For this catalyst, a slight increase in ROP yield (ca. 17 wt.%) at similar C11 yield (ca. 74 wt.%) was obtained by working at lower temperature (300 °C) and lower space velocity. Increasing the reaction pressure above 4.0 MPa had only a marginal influence on product yields and selectivities.     

Coupled hydrogenation and ring opening of tetralin on potassium modified Pt/USY catalysts

Coupled hydrogenation and ring opening of tetralin (THN) on Pt/USY catalyst were performed on a high-pressure fixed-bed reactor. The effect of reaction temperature in range of 100–300 °C and the nature of the catalyst (metal and acid sites) on the catalytic performance were studied. The results indicated that the extent of hydrocracking, a sequential reaction of ring opening, should be reduced in order to maintain high yields of the ring opening products (ROP). Introduction of the Pt component accelerated the hydrogenation and ring opening of the THN significantly. It was also found to be an effective way to optimize the acid properties of the catalysts by introducing an appropriate amount of potassium to the catalyst, such that the strong acid sites of the catalysts were diminished, and a higher ROP yield could be obtained as a result of the inhibiting of the hydrocracking activity of the catalyst. When the yield of the C10 fractions could be maintained at 90 wt.%, then a maximal ROP yield of 35.6 wt.% could be obtained on a 0.5 wt.% Pt/USY catalyst loaded with 2.0 wt.% of K.     

MeMo/USY催化剂对神东煤热解产物的调控

以USY分子筛为载体,通过等体积浸渍MoO₃、Fe₂O₃、Co₃O₄、NiO四种过渡金属氧化物,制备了Mo/USY、FeMo/USY、CoMo/USY、NiMo/USY催化剂,并借助ICP、XRD、BET、NH₃-TPD、TG等手段对催化剂进行表征。使用粉-粒流化床进行神东煤的催化热解实验,考察了过渡金属氧化物对USY的改性作用及其对热解产物的影响。结果表明：不同催化剂作用下,半焦收率基本保持在65%左右;与SiO₂相比,USY分子筛使焦油中酚类化合物含量从36.95%减少到5.08%,萘类化合物含量从8.24%增加到72.76%;与USY相比,Mo/USY使气体、液体产物的收率分别降低了4.4个百分点、30.0个百分点,萘类含量减少了18.5个百分点;Fe₂O₃、Co₃O₄、NiO对Mo/USY的改性作用明显,降低了催化剂的积炭率,提高了CH₄、C₂、C₃、CO₂的收率和气体总收率;FeMo/USY促进了产物的芳构化和萘类的生成;CoMo/USY促进了产物的芳构化反应,抑制了萘类的生成反应;NiMo/USY抑制了产物的芳构化反应、萘类的生成反应。     

温和条件下Pt/MSU-S催化氯代硝基苯选择性加氢研究

采用乙醇还原法制备负载型Pt/MSU-S催化剂,采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、N2吸附-脱附对催化剂进行了表征。TEM表明,质量分数为0.5%的Pt在MSU-S载体上高度分散,Pt粒径在5 nm左右,无团聚现象。在常压反应温度30℃下分别考察了Pt/MSU-S催化剂对邻位、间位和对位氯代硝基苯催化加氢性能的影响,反应3 h,底物转化率为100%,邻氯苯胺的选择性达到96%,间氯苯胺和对氯苯胺的选择性达到98%。催化剂重复使用5次后仍然有很高催化活性和选择性。     

Kinetics of acetone hydrogenation over Pt/Al2O3 catalysts

The hydrogenation of acetone to isopropanol has been studied in the vapour phase over Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The rate law obtained at a total pressure of 1 atm and temperatures between 303 and 363 K is of the form V=kP⁰_aP^1/2_H exp (-44 kJ mol^?1 RT^?1). The kinetic results are consistent with a Langmuir-Hinshelwood hydrogenation mechanism involving a half hydrogenated species and a non-competitive chemisorption of acetone and hydrogen on the platinum surface. The specific activity (calculated per platinum surface atom) has been found to be scarcely dependent on the platinum particle size. It is suggested that the chemisorption sites are made of a very small ensemble of platinum atoms.     

催化、动力学与反应器Pt/Y催化剂催化FCC柴油加氢制备BTX

利用Pt/Y催化剂,在固定床反应器中,温度380℃、压力3 MPa、氢油体积比1000及质量空速1.0 h^-1条件下,分别采用加氢处理的全馏分和轻馏分催柴为原料制备苯、甲苯和二甲苯（BTX）,获得（C₆+C₇+C₈）芳烃的总选择性分别为9.4%和33.9%。对原料和液体产物进行的气相色谱和质谱分析表明,BTX主要经过重芳烃的加氢饱和、裂解等反应生成,中间物质为烷基苯、四氢萘、茚满及茚类等单环芳烃。通过对反应原料以及对反应前后催化剂的N₂吸脱附、NH₃-TPD、XRD衍射图谱、TG等物化性质的表征,分析催化剂失活的主要原因。即全馏分催柴原料中高含量的S、N化合物快速吸附造成了催化剂中毒,而轻馏分原料中S、N化合物在催化剂表面的缓慢积累覆盖活性位,造成催化剂逐渐失活。     

Enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate over Pt/alumina: systematic variation of the modifier structure

A series of enantiomerically pure amino alcohols and amines has been prepared and tested as modifiers in the enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate over Pt/alumina. Systematic variation of the modifier structure revealed that an extended aromatic π–system is necessary for the function of the modifier and that the enantioselectivity crucially depends on the structure of the amino function. Surprisingly simple modifiers such as 1–(1–naphthyl)ethylamine and 1–(9–anthracenyl)–2–(1–pyrrolidinyl)ethanol proved to be nearly as effective as 10,11–dihydrocinchonidine. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

MxOy/USY双功能催化剂对神东煤的快速热解产物的调控

以USY分子筛为载体,采用等体积浸渍法分别制备了NiO、Fe₂O₃、Co₃O₄、MoO₃负载量均为9%的M_xO_y/USY双功能催化剂,并借助ICP、XRD、BET、TEM、NH₃-TPD、TG等分析手段对催化剂进行表征。使用自建的粉-粒流化床对神东煤进行快速催化热解实验,结果表明：①M_xO_y/USY使气体产物收率提高,液体产物收率降低,催化剂的积炭量增加,对半焦的产率基本没有影响;②M_xO_y/USY使CH₄、CO的收率均不同程度地提高,但H₂、C₂的收率皆有所降低;焦油中脂肪烃、单环芳烃、酚类化合物、含氧化合物的含量大幅增加,萘类化合物、联（多）苯的含量显著减少;③M_xO_y/USY的调控作用存在差异性。其中,Fe₂O₃/USY、Co₃O₄/USY的产物调控作用相似,但Fe₂O₃/USY的气体选择性更高,气体总收率提高23%;NiO/USY使C₃收率提高79%,CO₂收率降低91%,使焦油中脂肪烃、酚类、含氧化合物的含量分别增加1555%、739%、412%,萘类化合物的含量减少46%;MoO₃/USY使稠环芳烃的含量增加8%。