石墨烯气凝胶/二十烷相变材料的制备及性能研究

以氧化石墨烯（GO）,二十烷（Eicosan）为原料,先采用胶体团聚法制备还原-氧化石墨烯气凝胶,再通过自扩散获得了还原氧化石墨烯气凝胶/二十烷复合相变材料,研究了复合材料与性能的关系。采用热重和差示量热扫描仪测试了二十烷和复合材料的热性能,确认了二十烷质量分数对复合材料的焓值的关系以及相变循环次数对材料稳定性的影响。结果表明：复合材料的焓值与二十烷的质量分数成正比;经过50次相变循环后,PCM4仍然保持稳定性。导热性能分析表明, 还原氧化石墨烯气凝胶可以改善二十烷的热导率。此外,通过太阳光模拟测试,计算出复合材料的光热转换效率为55%。     

基于石墨烯气凝胶及相变微胶囊的相变复合材料的研究

通过水热法制备石墨烯气凝胶。通过Pickering乳液法制备相变微胶囊,并按照一定比例与弹性聚合物乳液制备成混合液体。通过真空浸渍法,将石墨烯气凝胶与混合液液体进行复合,得到一种以石墨烯气凝胶作为导热骨架,弹性聚合物作为弹性组分,相变微胶囊作为储能组分的相变复合材料,采用光学显微镜、激光粒度仪和示差扫描量热仪等测试材料的储热性能和热学性能。结果表明,在保持原有储热性能的基础上,改善了普通相变材料易变形泄露和导热性能等问题,有望在生产生活中得到广泛应用。     

石墨烯气凝胶的制备及其光热转换性能研究

石墨烯气凝胶兼具石墨烯的特性和气凝胶孔隙率高、比表面积大的优点,并且石墨烯气凝胶具有丰富的孔道结构,有效增加光吸收和散射面积,太阳能光热转换效率高。为了探究具有优异光热转换性能的石墨烯气凝胶合成工艺及控制条件,通过改进的Hummers法制备得到氧化石墨烯(GO),再通过水热反应还原,得到石墨烯气凝胶,调节还原剂类型和比例参数,表征不同反应条件下样品的形貌、结构和光吸收率,并测试样品的太阳能光热转换性能。结果表明,在GO和还原剂三聚氰胺的质量比为1︰1时,石墨烯气凝胶的光热转换性能最好。     

PEG/GO-CuSO4-硫脲复合相变材料的制备及性能

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为有机相变成分,通过Cu SO4和硫脲的混合溶液对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行交联改性,Cu2+交联氧化石墨烯(GO)而且引入硫脲对GO表面的羧基进行酰胺化改性,得到GO-Cu SO4-硫脲材料与有机相变组分PEG原位复合,制备PEG/GOCu SO4-硫脲复合定形相变材料。PEG填充量在复合材料中的最大比重可达99%,此时复合材料的熔化焓值达到161 J/g,而且发生相转变时具有形状稳定性。此外,该材料具有较好的导热性能和热能存储功能。储放热速率明显提升,光热转换性能较好,其光热转换与热能存储效率可达67. 2%。     

光热转换材料在相变储能领域的研究进展

相变储能是热储能的一种,即利用相变材料的储热特性来储存或释放热量,达到调控温度的效果。但相变材料往往不具备光吸收能力,不能及时收集太阳光,导致其光热转换效率较低。将相变材料与光热转换材料复合可以在增强吸光能力的同时将获得的能量存储在相变材料中,赋予复合相变材料高光热转换能力。该文对光热转换材料进行了分类,介绍了其光热转换机理、对紫外光-可见光-近红外光的吸收能力以及在相变领域的应用。此外,还阐述了光热复合相变材料 的复合策略,包括浸渍法、溶胶-凝胶法、涂层法和改性微胶囊法,分析表明,不同复合策略下制备的光热复合相变材料的光吸收能力、导热系数、光热转换效率几乎都得到了提高。因此,将光热转换材料拓展到相变储能领域将进一步优化太阳能资源。     

新型气凝胶基复合相变材料研究进展

着重介绍了通过气凝胶对相变材料进行负载从而改善相变材料的相应缺陷的研究。分析表明,无机材料气凝胶可以对相变材料起到良好的形状稳定作用,石墨烯气凝胶可以有效提升相变材料的热导率,聚合物气凝胶优异的韧性可以使复合材料应用于纺织等特殊领域。     

癸酸-石蜡/石墨烯气凝胶定形相变材料的制备及热物性分析

随着碳中和理念的逐步推进,调整能源供应政策,倡导低碳生活,可推动全社会的绿色发展,采用相变材料(PCMs)储存和释放热量,能够有效地利用可再生能源,可减少化石燃料带来的CO₂释放问题。本文利用石墨烯气凝胶作为相变材料的载体,分别采用不同比例的癸酸/石蜡进行有机相耦合,制备了一系列高封装率、低渗漏率的石墨烯定形相变材料。研究发现当石墨烯气凝胶定形相变材料中癸酸/石蜡为7∶3时,相变焓达到202.91J/g。经过200次循环后复合材料的相变潜热变化量在4.25%以内,渗漏率仅为3.20%。采用DSC、TG、XRD、SEM对材料进行微观结构分析说明,石墨烯气凝胶改善了相变介质的形状稳定性,有效地阻止了相变过程中耦合的有机相泄漏,使材料储放热稳定,增强了导热作用,具有良好的应用前景。     

氧化石墨烯/氨基硅氧烷复合气凝胶的制备与性能研究

以氨基硅氧烷、烷基硅氧烷和石墨烯氧化物(GO)为原料,经溶胶-凝胶-冷冻干燥法一锅法制备了一种新型氧化石墨烯/氨基硅氧烷复合气凝胶——本征氨化硅基复合气凝胶;利用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积分析(BET)、热重分析(TG)、CO_2吸附量测试(Quantity Adsorbed of CO_2)对所得气凝胶进行了结构表征确证及性能测试。所得复合气凝胶具有双互穿网络结构,含GO氨化硅基气凝胶样品热分解温度在470℃,无GO氨化硅基气凝胶样品热分解温度为360℃。两者均有较高的热稳定性。在273 K,相对压力为0.033时,无GO氨化硅基气凝胶样品CO_2吸附量为11.60 mg·g~(-1),含GO氨化硅基气凝胶样品CO_2吸附量为11.92 mg·g~(-1)。     

硅气凝胶功能材料的制备及应用

介绍硅气凝胶材料的制行方法及应用，讨论硅气凝胶的发展趋势。     

二维手风琴状棕榈酸/MXene复合相变材料的制备及性能

以二维过渡金属碳化物、氮化物和/或碳氮化物（MXene）为支撑骨架,以棕榈酸（PA）为相变材料,通过熔融共混法制备MXene复合材料（PA/MXene）,并对不同Mxene质量分数的PA/MXene进行了结构表征和热性能分析。结果表明,与纯PA相比,MXene质量分数为20%的PA/MXene（记为PA/MXene-20%）吸光范围从200.0～263.2 nm拓展到200.0～679.3 nm,热分解温度提高了13%,导热能力可增加200.0%,光热转换效率达到84.5%,可实现太阳能光热转换、热能储存的一体化应用。     

聚乙二醇/石墨烯纳米片复合相变材料的制备及其性能研究

以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为相变工作物质,以具有优异导热性能的石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)作为导热填料,通过熔融共混法制备出一系列不同GNPs含量的PEG/GNPs复合相变材料。采用激光导热仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪等测试PEG/GNPs复合相变材料的导热性能、热物性、微观形貌、结晶性能及化学组成。结果表明,GNPs均匀分散于PEG基体中,形成能够加快热量传递的导热通路,复合材料体系的导热系数得以显著提高,而相变焓仅仅略微下降,当GNPs含量为2%时,复合材料体系的导热系数是PEG的249.7%,而相变焓损失率却仅为3.9%;PEG与GNPs二者间仅是物理吸附,并未发生化学反应,复合材料体系的结晶性能良好;PEG与GNPs复合相变材料的热响应速度更快,能源利用率因而更高。     

Preparation and properties of reduced graphene oxide/fused silica composites

An in situ strategy for fabrication of reduced graphene oxide/fused silica (rGO/FS) composites using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as surfactant is reported. GO nanosheets were bound to FS particles by an electrostatic assembly between ultra thin negatively charged GO sheets and positively charged amino-modified FS particles. After spark plasma sintering, rGO/FS bulk composites have been produced from the GO and FS composite particles with GO being reduced to rGO in vacuum at high temperatures. Results show that rGO sheets were well dispersed in the matrix, and conductivity of these rGO/FS composites at room temperature was strongly dependent on the rGO nanosheet concentration. i.e., the conductivity of rGO/FS was increased to 10⁻⁴ S/cm when a conducting network was formed inside the composites. The effect of GO nanosheets on the mechanical properties of rGO/FS bulk composites was also investigated. The addition of 1 wt.% GO sheets to FS resulted in 72% increase in Vickers hardness, indicating the stress transfering from the FS matrix to the rigid rGO sheets. With the same rGO content, the fracture toughness of the as-prepared composites was increased by 74%. The main toughening mechanisms were thought to be crack deflection, crack branching, pulling-out and bridging of the rGO sheets.     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composites

Polyaniline (PANI)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites were synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline on reduced graphene sheets. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the composites. The results indicated PANI/rGO composites were produced and contained covalent bonds between the functional groups of PANI and rGO. A uniform coating of PANI on the rGO sheets had a synergistic effect on the properties of the composites. The electrochemical properties of the PANI/rGO composites produced using different feed ratios of aniline to rGO were studied. The results showed that the composites exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 797.5 F/g at 0.5 A/g and minimum charge transfer resistance of 0.98 Ω when the feed ratio of aniline to rGO was 2:1. These values were superior to those of pure PANI and rGO. The composites also displayed excellent cycling stability, with specific capacitance retention of 92.43% after 1000 cycles. These stable structural composites show promise for the development of new supercapacitor applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46103.     

Study on thermal properties of stearyl alcohol modified graphene oxide/ n-octadecane composite phase change materials

Adding high thermal conductivity fillers to n-octadecane to form a composite phase change material(PCM) can improve its thermal conductivity. At the same time, to ensure high thermal conductivity, dispersion stability and recycling reliability of PCM, a type of composite PCM has been fabricated by grafting stearic alcohol onto graphene oxide (GO). The modified graphene/n-octadecane composite PCMs with 0, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%(mass) of modified graphene were prepared to characterize and study of feature structure and thermophysical properties by means of scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrum analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal conductivity analysis, etc. Experiments show that the modified graphene/n-octadecane composite PCMs prepared in this paper has good dispersion stability. When the mass fraction of modified graphene reaches 4%, the thermal conductivity of composite PCMs is 131.9% higher than that of pure n-octadecane.     

硬脂醇改性的氧化石墨烯/正十八烷复合相变材料的热物性研究

向正十八烷中加入高导热填充物形成复合相变材料(PCM),可以很好地提升其导热性能,同时,为了保证符合相变材料的高热导率、分散性和再循环可靠性,利用硬脂醇修饰氧化石墨烯(GO),形成改性石墨烯(MG)与正十八烷的复合相变材料。分别制备了改性石墨烯质量分数为0、1%、2%、3%、4%(质量)的改性石墨烯/正十八烷复合相变材料,并经过扫描电镜测试、红外光谱分析、差示扫描量热实验及导热分析等测试对其形貌结构及热物性进行表征和研究。实验表明制备的改性石墨烯/正十八烷复合相变材料具有很好的分散性;当纳米石墨烯片的质量分数达到4%时,复合相变材料的热导率相对于纯正十八烷高出了131.9%。     

氧化石墨烯改性的正十二烷醇相变微胶囊的制备及性能测试

微胶囊化相变材料具有储能密度高、相变恒温、便于储存或运输等特点,在热能储存、输运和利用等领域具有广阔的应用前景.针对传统相变微胶囊含有甲醛及低导热率等问题,以正十二烷醇为芯材、以丙烯酸树脂为壳材,在超声辐照条件下采用悬浮聚合的方法制备了相变微胶囊颗粒,并通过添加氧化石墨烯进行改性.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变...     

NiMn2O4/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

采用水热法制备了NiMn₂O₄/还原氧化石墨烯（NiMn₂O₄/rGO）复合电极材料,研究了石墨烯对NiMn₂O₄/rGO材料形貌、微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明：NiMn₂O₄纳米片沉积在石墨烯片的表面,聚集现象消失。与纯NiMn₂O₄相比,NiMn₂O₄/rGO具有高的比表面积和优良的电化学性能。在1A/g时具有1375F/g的比电容,而纯NiMn₂O₄的比电容为924F/g。5000次充放电后,NiMn₂O₄/rGO在5A/g时的比电容保留率为90%,而NiMn₂O₄的比电容保留率为78%。NiMn₂O₄/rGO表现出良好的电容性能,作为超级电容器电极材料具有广泛的应用前景。     

Preparation and properties of dopamine reduced graphene oxide and its composites of epoxy

To improve the thermal and mechanical properties and further to expand its applications of epoxy in electronic packaging, reduced graphene oxide/epoxy composites have been successfully prepared, in which dopamine (DA) was used as reducing agent and modifier for graphene oxide (GO) to avoid the environmentally harmful reducing agents and address the problem of aggregation of graphene in composites. Further studies revealed that DA could effectively eliminate the labile oxygen functionality of GO and generate polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide (PDA‐GO) because DA would be oxidated and undergo the rearrangement and intermolecular cross‐linking reaction to produce polydopamine (PDA), which would improve the interfacial adhesion between GO and epoxy, and further be beneficial for the homogenous dispersion of GO in epoxy matrix. The effect of PDA‐GO on the thermal and mechanical properties of PDA‐GO/epoxy composites was also investigated, and the incorporation of PDA‐GO could increase the thermal conductivity, storage modulus, glass transition (T_g), and dielectric constant of epoxy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39754.