杀虫杀螨剂研究开发的新进展

概述了近5年国内外杀虫杀螨剂开发的新进展.介绍了鱼尼丁受体类、季酮酸类、丙烯腈类、氨基脲类、拟除虫菊酯类、双酰肼类、新烟碱类、吡唑类、嘧啶类、吡咯类、天然产物类等12类杀虫杀螨剂共20余个品种,对其生物活性做了简要介绍,并阐述了部分化合物的创制经纬及合成方法.     

杀虫杀螨剂研究开发的新进展

概述了1998年以来国内外杀虫杀螨剂开发的新进展。介绍了甲氧基丙烯酸酯类、季酮酸类(tetronic acid)、拟除虫菊酯类、苯甲酰脲类、双酰肼类、新烟碱类、吡唑类、嘧啶类等9类杀虫杀螨剂共30多个品种。并对其生物活性做了简要介绍。     

聚合物基烧蚀材料的研究进展

简述了烧蚀材料的分类和作用机理,重点介绍了酚醛树脂类、聚四氟乙烯类、聚酰亚胺类、聚芳基乙炔类、有机硅类烧蚀材料的研究进展,展望了烧蚀材料今后的发展前景。     

噻吩类杀菌剂的研究进展

概述了近年来文献报道的具有杀菌活性的噻吩类化合物的研究现状.按照化学结构的不同分别介绍了噻吩酰胺类、Stroburins类、联芳香环类、磺酰胺类、噻吩脲类、噻吩腙类及其他类共7类化合物的化学结构及生物活性.     

世界六大类杀虫剂的发展和新研发的杀虫剂品种

介绍了全球新烟碱类、拟除虫菊酯类、有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类、天然物类及其他结构类六大类杀虫剂的发展,并介绍了近年新开发的杀虫剂品种。     

荧光染料的进展

本文综述了荧光染料的进展，介绍了荧光染料的主要品种：香豆素类、萘酐类、花类、罗丹明类、吡咯并吡咯类、杂环离子型以及超分子化合物。     

天然高分子基多孔止血海绵的制备及性能研究进展

介绍了壳聚糖类、明胶类、胶原蛋白类、纤维素类、透明质酸类、海藻酸盐类多孔结构止血海绵的制备方法、止血效果、性能特点、止血机制及存在的问题,并指出了其发展趋势。     

热塑性弹性体在橡胶工业的应用与发展(中)

介绍了第三代橡胶热塑性弹性体(TPE)的十个种类(苯乙烯类、烯烃类、双烯类、氯乙烯类、氨酯类、酯类、酰胺类、有机氟类、有机硅类和乙烯类)的性能特点及发展现状，现今对最具环保型的TPE而言，已经迎来了大发展的新纪元。     

热塑性弹性体在橡胶工业的应用与发展(下)

介绍了第三代橡胶热塑性弹性体(TPE)的十个种类(苯乙烯类、烯烃类、双烯类、氯乙烯类、氨酯类、酯类、酰胺类、有机氟类、有机硅类和乙烯类)的性能特点及发展现状，现今对最具环保型的TPE而言，已经迎来了大发展的新纪元。     

反应性乳化剂及其在乳液聚合中的应用研究进展

综述了反应性乳化剂在乳液聚合中应用,以及目前研究现状,详细介绍了烯丙基类、丙烯酸类、丙烯酰胺类、苯乙烯类、马来酸类五种反应性乳化剂最新进展,并对其在实际生产中应用做了详细介绍。     

环境中抗生素及抗性基因的污染研究进展

抗生素在医药、畜牧和水产养殖业的大量使用,造成了环境中抗性耐药菌和抗性基因日益增加,抗生素滥用所造成的水环境污染问题(抗生素抗性基因作为一种新型环境污染物)引起人们的广泛关注。对近年来国内外抗生素及抗性基因的研究进展进行了综述,重点介绍了抗生素及抗性基因污染、及相关检测、去除控制技术及治理策略。同时,对抗生素及抗性基因研究过程中存在的问题作了相应阐述,并对未来的相关研究进行了展望。     

牛奶中抗生素残留检测技术的研究进展

在奶牛饲养过程中,用于预防和治疗作用的抗生素药物在治疗疾病和提高牛奶产量方面做出了相当大的贡献,随着抗生素的广泛使用,其残留所带来的一系列问题也接踵而至。研究表明,动物性食品中残留抗生素是诱发儿童肥胖的一个重要因素,同时抗生素的后效应也引起了人们的高度重视。因此,关于抗生素检测的研究越来越引起人们的关注。本文对抗生素残留检测技术进行了综述,并对抗生素检测技术今后的发展方向作了展望。     

抗生素含量测定方法在《中国药典》2010年版中的应用比较

文章主要结合《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版中收载的348个抗生素品种,对抗生素含量测定的方法进行了统计分析,其中有247个品种采用高效液相色谱法,86个品种采用微生物检定法,3个品种采用滴定分析法,12个品种采用紫外分光光度法。     

高级氧化技术降解抗生素及去除耐药性的研究进展

近年来由于抗生素滥用而导致的水污染日益严重,抗生素残留及耐药性已成为当今社会面临的最严峻挑战之一。高级氧化工艺以其快速的反应速率和良好的处理效果,越来越多地被用于治理含抗生素的废水。本文首先阐述了抗生素的污染现状;其后根据起主导作用的自由基种类,分类对比了传统高级氧化和过硫酸盐高级氧化处理抗生素及耐药性的特征,深入分析了过硫酸盐高级氧化的反应机理,重点介绍了热活化、紫外活化、零价铁及其改性活化和电活化等不同活化过硫酸盐的方式,并研究总结了这些技术用于处理抗生素及其耐药性的降解效果和进展;综合分析了目前高级氧化降解抗生素及去除耐药性的环境影响因素和存在的问题;最后对高级氧化的未来发展进行了展望。     

Interactions of antibiotics and methanolic crude extracts of afzelia africana (smith.) against drug resistance bacterial isolates

Infection due to multidrug resistance pathogens is difficult to manage due to bacterial virulence factors and because of a relatively limited choice of antimicrobial agents. Thus, it is imperative to discover fresh antimicrobials or new practices that are effective for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by drug-resistant microorganisms. The objective of this experiment is to investigate for synergistic outcomes when crude methanolic extract of the stem bark of Afzelia africana and antibiotics were combined against a panel of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains that have been implicated in infections. Standard microbiological protocols were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract and antibiotics, as well as to investigate the effect of combinations of the methanolic extract of A. africana stem bark and selected antibiotics using the time-kill assay method. The extract of Afzelia africana exhibited antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria made up of environmental and standard strains at a screening concentration of 5 mg/mL. The MICs of the crude extracts and the antibiotics varied between 1 μg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL. Overall, synergistic response constituted about 63.79% of all manner of combinations of extract and antibiotics against all test organisms; antagonism was not detected among the 176 tests carried out. The extract from A. africana stem bark showed potentials of synergy in combination with antibiotics against strains of pathogenic bacteria. The detection of synergy between the extract and antibiotics demonstrates the potential of this plant as a source of antibiotic resistance modulating compounds.     

土霉素废水处理技术研究进展

我国是抗生素生产和使用大国,其中土霉素是应用最广泛、使用量最大的一类四环素类抗生素。土霉素废水污染物浓度高,成分较复杂,属于高浓度难降解有机废水,其合理、有效的达标处理技术越来越受到人们的广泛关注。综述了土霉素废水物化、生物以及深度处理技术的特点及研究进展,提出加强土霉素废水的深度处理,实现废水的达标排放,是土霉素废水处理的重点研究方向。     

Effect of Wool Waxes and Wool Wax Derivatives on the Release of Some Antibiotics from a Hydrocarbon Base

The rate of diffusion of chloramphenicol and tetracycline-HCl from white petrolatum was found to increase in the presence of either wool waxes or wool wax derivatives; the effect being more pronounced in conjunction with the latter group. For both antibiotics, the releasing properties were found to keep increasing with increasing wax (local Merino) concentration; however, for each antibiotic the increase follows a special pattern. The rate of liberation of the antibiotics the increase follows a special pattern. The rate of liberation of the antibiotics could not be correlated to any investigated individual physico-chemical property of the waxes or wax derivatives.     

臭氧-活性炭组合工艺对污水处理厂二级出水中β-内酰胺类抗生素的去除

采用臭氧-活性炭组合工艺去除污水厂二级出水中的β-内酰胺类抗生素。试验选取6种常见β-内酰胺类抗生素作为目标抗生素,考察了臭氧投加量、反应时间、活性炭炭层高度以及空床停留时间(EBCT)对目标抗生素去除效果的影响。试验表明,在臭氧投加量为8 mg/L,臭氧与目标物质反应时间为20 min,活性炭炭层高度为750 mm,EBCT为10 min时,臭氧-活性炭组合工艺对目标抗生素的平均去除率为69.24%,对头孢他啶(CAZ)的去除率最高,为75.13%,头孢曲松(CRO)的去除率最低,为62.14%。     

Towards Catalytic Antibiotics: Redesign of Aminoglycosides To Catalytically Disable Bacterial Ribosomes

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens that are resistant to the majority of currently available antibiotics is a significant clinical problem. The development of new antibacterial agents and novel approaches is therefore extremely important. We set out to explore the potential of catalytic antibiotics as a new paradigm in antibiotics research. Herein, we describe our pilot study on the design, synthesis, and biological testing of a series of new derivatives of the natural aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin B for their potential action as catalytic antibiotics. The new derivatives showed significant antibacterial activity against wild-type bacteria and were especially potent against resistant and pathogenic strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Selected compounds displayed RNase activity even though the activity was not as high and specific as we would have expected. On the basis of the observed chemical and biochemical data, along with the comparative molecular dynamics simulations of the prokaryotic rRNA decoding site, we postulate that the rational design of catalytic antibiotics should involve not only their structure but also a comprehensive analysis of the rRNA A-site dynamics.