AM/NVP/N-MAM三元共聚物驱油剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(N-MAM)为单体,过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠[(NH4)2S2O8-NaHSO3]为氧化还原引发剂,合成了一种水溶性共聚物AM/NVP/N-MAM。确定了最佳反应条件:m(AM)∶m(NVP)∶m(N-MAM)=80∶9∶2.5,pH为9,温度60℃,引发剂加量0.3%。对AM/NVP/N-MAM共聚物进行了红外结构表征,确立了聚合物的结构。与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺相比,该聚合物具有较好的抗剪切耐温性(1 000 s-1:其粘度保留率达17.52%;120℃:其粘度保留率达22.6%)。当NaCl、CaCl2、MgCl2浓度分别为12 000,1 200,1 200 mg/L时,该聚合物粘度保留率分别可达到25.34%,22.21%,23.89%。此外,相对于水驱,该聚合物可提高采收率12.63%(聚合物浓度1 750 mg/L)。     

驱油用水溶性AM-AA-NVP-DAMA四元共聚物的合成及性能

由1,3-丙二胺和马来酸酐制备的功能单体(DAMA)与丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)共聚制备出了一种水溶性AM-AA-NVP-DAMA四元共聚物。共聚反应的条件为:m(AM)∶m(AA)=3∶2,引发剂质量分数0.5%,反应温度40℃,反应时间8 h,pH=7.0。利用红外光谱(IR)、核磁(1HNMR)以及扫描电镜(SEM)对该共聚物进行了表征。性能研究表明,该共聚物在95℃下的黏度保留率比部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)高16.2%;在质量分数1.8%NaCl条件下的黏度保留率比HPAM高8.7%;在质量分数0.09%CaCl2条件下的黏度保留率比HPAM高9.4%;经过500 s-1剪切5 min后的黏度保留率比HPAM高16.3%;60℃下质量分数0.2%共聚物溶液提高的采收率比HPAM高5.07%。     

驱油用磺化聚丙烯酰胺的制备及溶液性能研究

采用NaHSO3-K2S2O8和偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(AIBA)复合引发剂体系及高低温分段引发法合成了丙烯酰胺/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AM/AMPS)共聚物,通过单因素实验与正交试验考察了单体质量分数、引发剂质量分数、引发温度、pH、单体配比、引发剂配比等因素对共聚物表观黏度的影响,筛选出共聚物的最佳制备条件,即单体质量分数为25%,引发剂质量分数为0.015%,引发温度为10℃,pH=7,m(AM)∶m(AMPS)=5∶1,m(K2S2O8)∶m(NaHSO3)=2∶1,m(NaHSO3-K2S2O8)∶m(AIBA)=1∶1,引发时间为1.5 h。耐温抗盐及热稳定性评价实验结果表明AM/AMPS共聚物的综合耐温抗盐性较好。     

AM/DAAM/DMDAAC/SSS共聚物的合成与降滤失性能研究

以AM、DAAM、DMDAAC和SSS为单体,采用水溶液聚合的方法合成聚丙烯酰胺的改性共聚物AM/DAAM/DMDAAC/SSS。正交实验结果表明:反应温度为55℃,反应时间为4h,单体配比为m(AM):m(DAAM):m(DMDAAC):m(SSS)=6.0:2.5:1.0:0.5,引发剂用量为单体质量的0.5%时,聚合物的黏均相对分子量为1.27×106。淡水基浆中共聚物的加量为0.8%时,滤失量仅为7.2mL,在加量相同的情况下,共聚物降滤失性能优于FA-368和CMC。     

水溶性超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸的研制及竞聚

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,采用水溶液自由基共聚法制备超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸(PAM/AA)共聚物。由正交实验研究了单体浓度、引发剂用量、助剂尿素用量、单体配比、反应温度对聚合物相对分子质量的影响。结果表明,最佳条件为:m(AM)∶m(H2O)=30%,m(AM)∶m(AA)=3,m(I)∶m(AM)=0.3%,m(尿素)∶m(AM)=0.3%,温度20℃,在此条件下,产物分子量高达5 120万,AM和AA的竞聚率为r AM=0.684、r AA=0.278,其中单体残余量由紫外分光光度法测得。     

一种抗温抗盐稠化剂的研究

以AM(丙烯酰胺)、AMPS(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)和NVP(N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)为单体,APS(过硫酸铵)/亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原型引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了一种三元聚合物基稠化剂。着重探讨了反应单体配比、单体浓度、引发剂掺量、反应温度和反应时间等对产物性能的影响。研究结果表明:该三元聚合物具有良好的增稠性、耐热性和耐盐性,其最佳合成条件是m(AM)∶m(AMPS)∶m(NVP)=7.3∶2.0∶0.7、单体浓度为30%、w(氧化还原型引发剂)=0.2%(相对于单体总质量而言)、反应温度为45℃、反应时间为4 h、m(APS)∶m(亚硫酸氢钠)=1∶1和体系pH=7。     

耐温抗盐AM/AA/AMC_(12)S共聚物的合成及性能评价

以1-十二烯、丙烯腈和发烟硫酸为原料制备了2-丙烯酰胺基十二烷磺酸(AMC12S),在此基础上又以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)和AMC12S为原料合成了水溶性三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S。设计了一组正交实验,考察了单体总质量分数、AMC12S含量、引发剂含量、AM∶AA值以及温度等对共聚反应的影响,确定了三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S的最佳合成条件为:总单体质量分数为24%、AMC12S质量分数为0.04%、引发剂质量分数为0.1%、AM∶AA=7.0∶3.0、反应温度为40℃。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S进行了表征。讨论了共聚物的黏浓关系、耐温、抗盐等性能。结果表明,共聚物的增粘性远大于HPAM;90℃条件下共聚物的黏度保留率为45.0%,高于HPAM;氯化钠浓度为80 000 mg/L时,黏度保留率为14.6%,氯化镁或氯化钙浓度为2 000 mg/L时,粘度保留率分别为14.4%,12.5%。与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)相比,该共聚物具有良好的耐温抗盐性能。     

耐温抗盐AM/AA/AMC_(12)S共聚物的合成及性能评价

以1-十二烯、丙烯腈和发烟硫酸为原料制备了2-丙烯酰胺基十二烷磺酸(AMC12S),在此基础上又以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)和AMC12S为原料合成了水溶性三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S。设计了一组正交实验,考察了单体总质量分数、AMC12S含量、引发剂含量、AM∶AA值以及温度等对共聚反应的影响,确定了三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S的最佳合成条件为:总单体质量分数为24%、AMC12S质量分数为0.04%、引发剂质量分数为0.1%、AM∶AA=7.0∶3.0、反应温度为40℃。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对三元共聚物AM/AA/AMC12S进行了表征。讨论了共聚物的黏浓关系、耐温、抗盐等性能。结果表明,共聚物的增粘性远大于HPAM;90℃条件下共聚物的黏度保留率为45.0%,高于HPAM;氯化钠浓度为80 000 mg/L时,黏度保留率为14.6%,氯化镁或氯化钙浓度为2 000 mg/L时,粘度保留率分别为14.4%,12.5%。与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)相比,该共聚物具有良好的耐温抗盐性能。     

CMCNa-g-(NVP-co-AM)三元共聚物的合成、表征及性能

以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMCNa)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,在水介质中制备CMCNa-g-(NVP-co-AM)接枝共聚物,考察不同温度及不同离子强度下接枝共聚物水溶液粘度的流变性能。结果表明,相对于CMCNa-g-AM二元共聚物,在盐水溶液中和高温条件下,CMCNa-g-(NVP-co-AM)粘度保留率均有所提高;聚合物溶液Cr3+交联凝胶的流变实验结果显示,m(NVP)∶m(AM)=1∶5为最优比例,此时的三元共聚物CMCNa-g-(NVP-co-AM)具有更优良的抗温性能。     

基于单电子转移活性自由基聚合制备星形丙烯酰胺三元共聚物

采用单电子转移活性自由基聚合(SET-LRP)方法,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)为单体原料,Cu0粉为催化剂,四氯化碳(CCl4)为引发剂,三(2-二甲氨基乙基)胺(Me6-TREN)为配体,在水溶液中实现了星形三元共聚物P(AM-AMPS-NVP)的合成。通过IR与13 C-NMR分析,证明所得聚合物是目标产物。通过系列实验,考察了催化剂用量、引发剂用量、配体用量及w(单体)和单体物质的量比对三元共聚物P(AM-AMPS-NVP)聚合反应的影响。结果表明,得到共聚物的最佳制备条件为引发温度25.0℃,单体n(AM)∶n(AMPS)∶n(NVP)=8.5∶1∶0.5,反应物溶液中w(单体)=25%,引发剂w(CCl4)=0.082%、催化剂w(Cu0)=0.019 0%、配体w(Me6-TREN)=0.073%时,所得聚合物产品相对分子质量最高,达到227万。     

两性型高分子絮凝脱色剂PAM/AMPS/DMDAAC的合成与表征

以非离子单体丙烯酰胺(AM)、阴离子单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和阳离子单体二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,以过硫酸铵、亚硫酸钠、2,2'-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐为引发荆,合成了絮凝剂产品PAM/AMPS/DMDAAC.在单体质量分数为10%的条件下,得到了最佳的合成工艺为:m(AM):m(DMDAAC):m(AMPS)=7:2:1,反应温度为45℃,偶氮引发剂2,2'-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐用量为溶液质量分数的0.006%,过硫酸铵用量为溶液质量分数的0.004%,哑硫酸氢钠用量为溶液质量分数的0.002%;对PAM/AMPS/DMDAAC的结构进行红外光谱和透射电镜表征,表明PAM/AMPS/DMDAAC链节上含有季铵盐和磺酸盐基团,分子呈现长链结构,分子链刚性好,交联现象少.     

淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物的合成及絮凝助留性能

采用乳液聚合技术 ,以水为分散介质 ,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为乳化剂和分散稳定剂 ,用过硫酸钾引发丙烯酰胺 (AM)对淀粉 (St)的接枝共聚。接枝共聚物 (St -PAM)在 16 5 0、16 16和 1416cm-1(聚丙烯酰胺PAM的特征吸收 )处的红外光谱表明 ,在淀粉链上引入了酰胺基。控制接枝共聚条件 ,可使丙烯酰胺的接枝效率 (共聚单体占全部聚合单体的质量分数 )达到 90 .0 % ,共聚物中丙烯酰胺的接枝百分率 (St-PAM中PAM的质量分数 )达到 6 0 .9%。显著地改善了淀粉的糊化特性 ,减弱了直链淀粉的凝沉和胶凝倾向 ,使其在冷水中就具有良好的分散性。研究了淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚的特点 ,考察了单体用量、反应温度、引发剂等因素对接枝共聚的影响 ,以及接枝共聚物对纸浆的絮凝和助留效果的影响。共聚物中丙烯酰胺的接枝百分率愈高 ,纸浆的絮凝速度和留着率愈大 ,接枝百分率为 6 0 .9%的共聚物可使纸浆的网上留着率提高 12 .3%。     

Fourier transform infrared studies of poly(vinyl chloride) blends with ethylene Co- and terpolymers

The miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with various ethylene copolymers and terpolymers were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy. All blends reported were 50/50 by weight. In blends of PVC with ethylene/dimethyl acrylamide copolymer (E/DMA), frequency shifts were observed in the amide carbonyl (proton acceptor) and the α-hydrogen of PVC (proton donor) characteristic bands. In blends of PVC with ethylene/ethyl acrylate/carbon monoxide terpolymer (E/EA/CO), both the ester carbonyl and the ketone carbonyl characteristic frequencies showed mutual shifts and appeared as if they merged together. Small frequency shifts were also observed in the α-hydrogen of PVC characteristic bands. In blends of PVC with ethylene/vinyl acetate/carbon monoxide terpolymer (E/VA/CO), the ester carbonyl frequency showed a shift while that of the ketone carbonyl was essentially unchanged. On the other hand, in PVC blends with ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (E/VA), the ester CO frequency did not show any shift, which is consistent with their observed immiscibility. Thus, it is clear that incorporating a ketone ? C?O in ethylene/ester copolymers to form the corresponding terpolymers enhances their miscibility with PVC as earlier proposed on the basis of dynamic mechanical studies. Similar results were shown for blends of PVC with ethylene/2 ethyl hexyl acrylate/carbon monoxide terpolymer (E/2EHA/CO). Frequency shifts imply specific interactions which suggest polymer-polyer miscibility on a molecular scale.     

AM-MA-AMPS三元共聚物的合成及溶液性能研究

以丙烯酰胺 (AM)、丙烯酸甲酯 (MA)和α 丙烯酰胺基 α 甲基丙磺酸 (AMPS)为原料 ,通过水溶液共聚 ,合成了一种新型三元共聚物 (AM -MA -AMPS) ,并对其进行了表征。DSC和TG测试表明该三元共聚物的玻璃化温度为 2 45℃ ,分解温度为 381 8℃ ,均高于聚丙烯酰胺 (PAM)。实验表明 ,质量浓度为 2 0kg m3 的AM -MA -AMPS三元共聚物的水溶液黏度为 2 1 0 6mPa·s ,标准复合盐溶液黏度为 7 36mPa·s ,均较相应的PAM有提高。     

A water‐soluble acrylamide hydrophobically associating polymer: Synthesis,characterization, and properties as EOR chemical

A water‐soluble acrylamide hydrophobically associating terpolymer for polymer flooding was successfully synthesized via free radical polymerization using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and N,N‐divinylnonadeca‐1,10‐dien‐2‐amine (DNDA) as raw materials. The terpolymer was characterized by IR spectroscopy and fluorescence spectra. Compared with partially hydrolyzed polyacryamide (HPAM), the terpolymer showed a stronger link and better dimensional network structure under the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results of rheology indicated that the terpolymer (AM‐NaAA‐DNDA) showed an excellent shear‐resistance in high shear rate (1000 s^?1) and remarkable temperature‐tolerance (above 110°C). The salt‐resisting experiment revealed that this terpolymer had a better anti‐salt ability. According to the core flooding test, it could be obtained that oil recovery was enhanced more than 15% under conditions of 2000 mg/L terpolymer in the mineralization of 8000 mg/L at 60°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

AM/DAAM二元共聚物的合成与表征

用一种氧化还原体系的引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了丙烯酰胺-N-(1,1-二甲基-3-氧代丁基)丙烯酰胺(AM/DAAM)二元共聚物。实验中分别考察了原料中单体配比、反应时间、引发剂用量对共聚物的特性粘数的影响;同时采用定量的方法考察了共聚物的溶解性能。结果表明,当DAAM在共聚物中的摩尔百分含量为33.64%时,聚合物的特性粘数比相同条件下合成的聚丙烯酰胺提高9.9倍;当共聚物中DAAM的含量为15%时,共聚物的溶解速率是相同条件下合成的聚丙烯酰胺的4倍。通过对各种组成共聚物在不同盐溶液中的特性粘数的测定,结果显示该共聚物具有良好的耐盐性能。另外,采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对共聚物进行了定性和定量的表征。     

Microwave accelerated synthesis and characterization of poly(acrylamide)

Poly(acrylamide) (PAM) was efficiently synthesized under microwave (MW) irradiation using catalytic amount of potassium persulfate. The synthesis does not require any inert atmosphere and could be accomplished in very short time. Microwave power, exposure time, concentration of persulfate, and concentration of the acrylamide were varied to optimize the polymerization in terms of the % conversion (%C). The maximum %C that could be achieved was in 98.5%. The average molecular weight of the synthesized PAM samples ranged from 4.11 × 10⁴ to 1.30 × 10⁵, depending upon the MW power used for their synthesis. The representative PAM was characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared, SEM, and X‐ray diffraction studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 3702–3707, 2007     

丙烯酰胺在聚乙二醇水溶液双水相聚合过程中的单体分配

用改进溴化法对丙烯酰胺（AM）在聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）-聚乙二醇（PEG）-H2O双水相体系中的分配进行了研究,分配系数随PEG浓度、分子量的增加而减少,随PAM浓度、分子量的增大而增大,而随温度的升高先减小后增大。并在此基础上,对AM在PEG水溶液双水相聚合过程中单体在两相的分配进行了研究,考察了PEG浓度、单体浓度、温度对聚合过程中单体分配的影响。     

Intermolecular interaction in aqueous solution of binary blends of poly(acrylamide) and poly(ethylene glycol)

The interaction between poly(acrylamide) (PAM) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in their solid mixture was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); and their interaction in aqueous solution was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). For the solid PAM/PEG mixtures, an induced shift of the >C?O and >N? H in amide group was found by FTIR. These results could demonstrate the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the amide group of PAM and the ether group of PEG. In the aqueous PAM/PEG solution system, the PAM and PEG associating with each other in water, i.e., the amide group of PAM interacting with the ether group of PEG through hydrogen bonding was also found by ¹H NMR. Furthermore, the effects of different molecular weight of PAM on the strength of hydrogen bonding between PAM and PEG in water were investigated systemically. It was found that the hydrogen bonding interaction between PAM and PEG in water did not increase with the enlargement of the PAM molecular weight as expected. This finding together with the viscosity reduction of aqueous PAM/PEG solution with the PAM molecular weight increasing strongly indicated that PAM molecular chain, especially having high molecular weights preferred to form spherical clews in aqueous PEG solution. Therefore, fewer amide groups in PAM could interact with the ether groups in PEG. Based on these results, a mechanism sketch of the interaction between PAM and PEG in relatively concentrated aqueous solution was proposed. The fact that the phase separation of aqueous PAM/PEG solution occurs while raising the temperature indicates that this kind of hydrogen bonding between PAM and PEG in water is weak and could be broken by controlling the temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Poly(acrylic acid)/poly(acrylamide) hydrogel adsorbent for removing methylene blue

Cationic dye can cause severe damage to the environment due to their refractory degradation, complex composition and strong stability. Hydrogels as adsorbents have been widely used to treatment the wastewater with dyestuff for their low prices, simple operations, and high efficiency. This work uses poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/poly(acrylamide)(PAM)/calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (CHN) polymeric hydrogel absorbent to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye. First, PAM/PAA/CHN hydrogel is produced through copolymerization of acrylic acid monomer and acrylamide monomer using inorganic CHN as cross-linker. And then, the adsorption performance of such PAM/PAA/CHN hydrogel adsorbent for adsorbing MB dye is explored at different conditions including pH, contacting time, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of MB, and temperature. A maximum adsorption capability for adsorbing MB reaches 1,056 mg/g. Furthermore, the pseudo-first-order mode and Langmuir isotherm model can well describe adsorption behavior of MB dye onto such PAA/PAM/CHN hydrogel adsorbent. Thereby, as-prepared PAA/PAM/CHN hydrogel could be a potential adsorbent for eliminating organic dyes from wastewater.