固体废弃物微硅粉应用研究进展

主要阐述了微硅粉的形成、性质和应用,分析了微硅粉在混凝土、耐火材料、注浆工程的应用机理和作用,探讨了微硅粉的提纯和二次利用,展望了微硅粉在导电复合材料和外墙保温材料新型领域的应用前景。     

微硅粉在道路工程中的应用

简要介绍了微硅粉在国际、国内各行业的应用情况及其特性，分析了其在提高混凝土质量中产生的作用、机理，在应用中应注意的问题，展望了它在道路工程及其他领域中应用前景。     

混凝土中微硅粉的应用

介绍硅金属炉冶炼烟气回收的微硅粉在混凝土中应用情况，实验数据证明在混凝土中添加一定比较微硅粉，混凝土强度和耐久性等理化指标均有明显改善，同时展望了微硅粉的应用前景。     

微硅粉在室温硫化硅橡胶中的应用

用微硅粉部分替代碳酸钙作为填料制备了脱酮肟型室温硫化硅橡胶,测试结果表明,密封胶有较佳的挤出性和粘结性能,拉伸强度也得到提高,但断裂伸长率下降。     

微硅粉低成本制备莫来石基陶瓷材料

以工业废弃物微硅粉和工业氧化铝为原料,采用原位反应烧结法制备莫来石基陶瓷材料,主要研究了烧结温度对莫来石的形成和莫来石基陶瓷的显微结构和性能的影响.结果 表明:当微硅粉和工业氧化铝的配比为32∶68时,在1550℃下进行烧结,可制得主晶相为莫来石基的陶瓷材料,其抗弯强度为66 MPa,显气孔率为24％,体积密度为2.25 g/cm3.微硅粉中的金属氧化物杂质使制备莫来石的烧结温度降低100℃.     

工业微硅粉除铁试验研究

微硅粉是硅铁合金和工业硅生产过程的副产品,特殊的高温生成环境使微硅粉颗粒形成致密的玻璃态表面,不溶于一般的酸(氢氟酸除外)和碱.本文采用混酸加氟法对工业微硅粉进行除铁试验研究,试验研究了酸的种类和质量分数、固液比、混酸配比、氢氟酸的加入量、酸浸温度和时间等因素的影响,结果表明:最佳的工艺条件是混酸的成分为3%HCl 17%H2SO4,液固比为1.5 g/100 mL,氢氟酸与混酸的质量体积比为0.56%,70℃下酸浸3 h,除铁率可达到67.66%.     

流化床法除去微硅粉游离碳工艺研究

本文采用流化床作为反应装置,改变进入流化床反应器气体的流速使微硅粉达到最佳流化效果,通过对比空气气氛和氧气气氛下微硅粉的除碳效果,调整反应温度、反应时间选择最佳反应条件.结果表明:在氧气气氛下,反应温度700℃,反应时间3.0h,微硅粉中游离碳含量从1.25％下降到0.05％,烧失量从3.36％下降到0.92％,微硅粉中二氧化硅纯度从81.62％提高到85.92％;在空气气氛下,反应温度为700℃,反应时间为3.0h,微硅粉中游离碳含量从1.25％下降到0.027％,烧失量从3.36％下降到0.99％,微硅粉中二氧化硅纯度从81.62％提高到86.97％.本技术能够有效除去微硅粉中游离碳杂质,提高微硅粉的纯度,提高了产品的附加值.     

我国硅微粉与微硅粉市场混乱

目前国内犬部分生产硅微粉与微硅粉的厂商对二者的概念混为一谈，仅从字面意思上把二者看做是一种产品。事实上，硅微粉与微硅粉有着很大的差别，正是由于二者概念的不清楚，给中国的硅微粉与微硅粉市场造成了混乱，导致很多贸易洽谈失误，微硅粉市场价格远低于国际市场，也给中国硅微粉与微硅粉市场的国际声誉带来了较大负面影响。     

载重轮胎中微硅粉的应用

在载重轮胎胎冠胶中使用6份微硅粉，可以降低成本，并且对环境保护十分有利，由于微硅粉结构简单，因此其在胶料中的分散性能,良好，能够很好的改善胶料工艺性能。     

利用氟硅酸与电石灰制备四氟化硅工艺研究

为加快磷肥副产氟资源的综合利用,同时解决电石灰堆放占用大量土地、污染水资源等问题,采用磷肥副产氟硅酸与电石灰反应制备四氟化硅同时副产氟化钙,制备出高附加值、高品质的氟化物。重点研究了氯化钙与氟硅酸的配料比、反应温度、氯化钙溶液浓度、母液循环等因素对氟硅酸钙收率的影响,同时也分析了氟硅酸钙热解温度对四氟化硅产品质量的影响。研究结果表明,在氯化钙溶液浓缩至质量分数为60%、反应温度为55 ℃、氯化钙与氟硅酸质量比为2∶1条件下,氟硅酸钙的单批收率可达到86%;氟硅酸钙在350 ℃静态分解1 h,分解率达到99%,所得四氟化硅产品质量符合硅烷制备和无水氟化氢制备对原料的要求,所得副产物氟化钙产品质量满足行业标准（YB/T 5217—2019《萤石》）的要求。该方法氟、硅资源能够充分利用,且工艺简单、便于操作、易于工业化生产,为磷肥副产氟硅酸的综合利用提供了一定的指导方向。     

盐酸沉淀法制备纳米白炭黑

采用盐酸沉淀法制备纳米白炭黑,通过实验调整盐酸的浓度、添加剂的加入、反应体系的温度、pH值的大小。制得粒径小、品质好的纳米白炭黑。利用X ray衍射仪和扫描电镜分析,研究白炭黑的结构。     

单质硅粉溶解法制备硅溶胶正交实验研究

研究了以单质硅粉为原料、水玻璃与氨水为复配催化剂制备硅溶胶的最佳工艺。通过正交实验设计,得出了硅溶胶的最佳制备条件:反应时间为7h,反应温度为80℃,水玻璃∶水∶硅粉=1∶20∶3(质量比)。     

湿法磷酸副产物氟硅酸制白炭黑连续工艺研究

以湿法磷加工过程的氟硅酸为原料,和氨水发生连续氨化反应,生成白炭黑和氟化铵。白炭黑作为一种性能优越的补强材料,有着广阔的市场;氟化铵可与强酸反应生产氢氟酸。连续氨化反应的优化条件为:氟硅酸质量分数为10%、氨水质量分数为10%、反应温度为20℃、搅拌转速为700 r/min、平均停留时间为15 min,在此条件下开展连续氨化反应,生成的白炭黑比表面积可达到350 m2/g,其他化学指标均达到HG/T 3061—1999质量标准。因此,此路线是氟硅酸综合利用较为有效的方法。     

氟硅酸法制氟化氢铵联产优质白炭黑工艺研究

研究了氟化氢铵生产的一种新工艺。采用氨水氨解磷肥行业副产品氟硅酸,分离反应后的料浆,经过滤得白炭黑软膏和氟化铵溶液。白炭黑软膏经洗涤干燥后得白炭黑产品;在氟化铵溶液里通入无水氢氟酸,控制一定的pH,过滤反应后的料浆,滤饼经低温真空干燥,即得氟化氢铵产品,滤液返回制氟化氢铵工序。以磷肥行业副产氟硅酸为原料生产氟化氢铵,具有成本低,有效利用氟资源等特点。生产的氟化氢铵和白炭黑产品质量好,符合相关行业标准。     

Reduction of coal-water mixture consistency with soda ash and lime

The addition of soda ash and lime to improve the Theological properties of a 60 wt % bituminous coal-water mixture (CWM) was investigated. Soda ash and lime were used to precipitate calcium and magnesium cations naturally present in the aqueous phase of the CWM. Addition of the required amounts of soda ash and lime alone, based on analyses of the total Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ burdens in the CWM, using standard water softening technology as well as addition of soda ash and lime along with an ionic dispersant were studied. Significant reduction in consistency was measured following soda ash and lime addition alone, and marked reduction in consistency resulted when both soda ash and lime and dispersant were used. Additive costs to obtain a given degree of consistency reduction were lowered by factors ranging from 3 to 15 with soda ash and lime, either alone or in concert with an anionic dispersant, relative to the use of anionic dispersant alone.     

Use of ground coarse fly ash as a replacement of condensed silica fume in producing high-strength concrete

This paper presents a method of improving coarse fly ash in order to replace condensed silica fume in making high-strength concrete. The coarse fly ash, having the average median diameter about 90-100 μm, yields a very low pozzolanic reaction and should not be used in concrete. In order to improve its quality, the coarse fly ash was ground until the average particle size was reduced to 3.8 μm. Then, it was used to replace Portland cement type I by weights of 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 50% to produce high-strength concrete. It was found that concrete containing the ground coarse fly ash (FAG) replacement between 15% and 50% can produce high-strength concrete and 25% cement replacement gave the highest compressive strength. In addition, the concrete containing FAG of 15-35% as cement replacement exhibited equal or higher compressive strengths after 60 days than those of condensed silica fume concretes. The results, therefore, suggest that the FAG with high fineness is suitable to use to replace condensed silica fume in producing high-strength concrete.     

氮化硅反应烧结的研究进展

氮化硅作为高温功能陶瓷性能优越，但将其制备成陶瓷零件比较困难，目前一般用反应烧结法制备氮化硅陶瓷零件。此外，反应烧结制备氮化硅陶瓷还具有成本低、烧结温度低、产品成型好、陶瓷高温性能好等优点。综述了氮化硅陶瓷反应烧结工艺流程和工艺的优缺点，着重介绍了氮化硅反应烧结在成型工艺、烧结工艺、原材料影响、后处理和陶瓷增韧等方面所取得的进展。     

碳化硅陶瓷固相烧结的烧结机理及研究进展简

碳化硅陶瓷材料具有高硬度、高强度、抗氧化、耐高温、高热导率、低线胀系数等优良性能,同时具有优良的化学稳定性且能够耐大多数种类的酸碱溶液腐蚀,在石油、化工、建材、航空、机械等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。本文主要阐述了碳化硅陶瓷固相烧结的烧结机理,并对目前国内外关于碳化硅陶瓷固相烧结的研究进展进行了阐述。     

A comparison of white rice husk ash and silica as fillers in ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer vulcanizates

White rice husk ash (WRHA) and silica filled ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) vulcanizates were prepared using a laboratory size two‐roll mill. Curing characteristics and physical properties of vulcanizates were studied with respect to the filler loading and filler type. Filler loading was varied from 0–50 parts per hundred resin (phr) at 10 phr intervals. Curing was carried out using a semi‐efficient vulcanization system in a Monsanto rheometer. Enhancement of the curing rate was observed with increasing WRHA loading, whereas the opposite trend was observed for silica‐filled vulcanizates. It was also indicated by the maximum torque and Mooney viscosity results that WRHA offers processing advantages over silica. Compared to the silica‐filled vulcanizates, the effect of filler loading on the physical properties of WRHA‐filled vulcanizates was not significant. According to these observations, WRHA could be used as a diluent filler for EPDM rubber, while silica can be used as a reinforcing filler. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry