我国西部地区主要非金属矿产资源

省 (区 )探明矿种数 储量丰富矿种备　　注四川(含重庆 ) 30水泥用石灰岩及配料 ,饰面石材 ,石膏 ,白云岩 ,晶质石墨 ,重晶石 ,耐火粘土 ,石榴石 ,硅藻土 ,铸石原料 ,石棉贵州 2 7水泥原料 ,玻璃原料 ,砖瓦粘土 ,饰面石材地质工作程度相对较低。云南 52石灰岩 ,玻璃用砂 ,大理石 ,石膏 ,硅藻土 ,硅灰石 ,宝玉石陕西 53 玻璃石英砂 ,重晶石 ,萤石 ,滑石 ,熔剂岩甘肃 2 6石棉 ,红柱石 ,铸型粘土 ,饰面蛇纹岩 ,石灰岩 ,白云岩 ,硅石 ,水泥用黄土等青海 56石棉 ,石英岩 ,石灰岩 ,粘土类 ,玄武岩 ,白云岩 ,石膏 ,硅灰石 ,长石 ,天然碱等地质工作…     

国内商情

今年化工市场趋势预测 畅销品种硫酸,盐酸,液氯,钛白粉,硫酸铜,纯苯,甲苯,二甲苯,萘,氯化苯,邻硝基氯苯,甲醇,乙醇,丁醇,辛醇,新戊二醇,季戊四醇,甘油,冰醋酸,己二酸对苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,偏苯三酸酐,醋酐,顺酐,苯酐,苯酚,壬基酚,对甲酚,间甲酚,间对甲酚,苯胺,己内酰胺,尼龙66盐,丙烯酸酯类,聚乙烯醇,聚氯乙烯,聚乙烯,聚     

机立窑安全操作三字经(连载九)——异常窑况 垮边、掉洞、抽心操作

机立窑,运行中,在局部,有漏空;塌在边,叫垮边;塌二肋,称掉洞;中塌陷,叫抽心。怎操作,i己,心中:性相近,操作同;先停却,观窑中,视情节,分轻重;轻塌者,用中风,先返火,窑面红,撬大块,补洞洞,撒点煤,用小风,必要时,钎引风,数十分,即成功。严重者,情不同,多数时,结窑重,停加却,用中风,全窑料,都烧红,打结圈,填洞洞,若遇见,最严重,填熟料,或砖头,后红块,再木柴,加点煤,‘J、风焙;余操作,似火偏,挤压插,记心间;压快口,提弱边,渐加风,把煤减,勤慢却,不粘边,撬快口,补弱边,多瓜次,底火全,转正常,处理完。机立窑安全操作三字经(连载九)——异常窑况 垮…     

商品价格

上海近期化工原料市场价格硫酸375,纯碱1050,固碱2420,黄磷6500,浓硝酸1700,硝钠1300,亚硝钠2000,氧化锌8000,钛白粉(金红石型)14000,液氨1350。烟煤204,无烟煤176,重油760,柴油(0~#)1720,汽油(70~#)3350、(90~#)3500,石蜡(58℃)3800,溶剂油1800,纯苯2300,甲苯2850,二甲苯2800,萘4200,甲醇1400,乙醇2800,丁醇4800,辛醇5100,乙二醇3500,甘油(96%)9500,苯酐5100,冰醋酸3700,硬脂酸8000,丙烯酸甲酯8500,DOP6600,DBP6650,甲醛1000,丙酮3600,苯酚5400,     

有机电解合成参考书目

西文 1 Eberson, Schafer, Organic Electrochemistry, Springer, 1971 2 Fry, Synthetic Organic Electrochemistry, Harper, 1972 3 Rifi, Covitz, Introduction to Organic Electrochemistry, Marcel Dekker, 1974 4 Kyriacon, Basics of Electroorganic Synthesis, John Wiley ＆ Sons, 1981 5 Mann, Banles, Electrochemical Reactions in Nonaqueous Systems, Marcel Dekker, 1970 6 Furmkin, Ershler, Frogress in Electrochemistry of Organic Compounds, Plenum, 1971 7 Tomilov et al., Electrochemistry of Organic Compounds, Halsted, 1972     

国内商情

无机化工 1.畅销品种 硫酸,盐酸,氢氟酸,磷酸,亚磷酸,铬酐,电解锌,硫铁矿,结晶硅,金属锰,炭黑,液氯,黄磷,赤磷,氧气,氮气,双氧水,活性氧化锌,钛白粉,气相白炭黑,液体二氧化硫,氧化镁,液     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定天然绿色棉和染色绿色棉中20种元素含量

采用微波消解对天然绿色棉和染色绿色棉样品进行处理,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定其B,Na,Mg,Al,P,K,Ca,Ti,V,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ga,Rb,Sr,Mo,Ba 20种元素的含量。结果表明,与染色绿色棉相比,天然绿色棉中B,Mg,P,K,Ti,Mn,Rb,Sr,Mo元素含量显著偏高(概率P0.05),Na,Zn,Ba元素含量显著偏低(P0.05),采用聚类分析(最短距离法)对样品中20种元素含量进行处理,可正确判断天然绿色棉和染色绿色棉。     

《化工学报》2014年第一作者单位刊出论文统计

<正>发表1篇文章的单位有:The Ohio State University,安徽农业大学,北京低碳清洁能源研究所,北京航空航天大学,北京林业大学,北京市环境保护科学研究院,北卡莱罗纳州立大学,渤海大学,重庆科技学院,大连交通大学,福州大学,广东工业大学,广东轻工职业技术学院,广西民族大学,广州大学,桂林理工大学,国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,哈尔滨商业大学,哈尔滨师范大学,河北大学,河海大学,河南大学,河南科技大学,河南师范大学,湖南科技大学,华北水利水电大学,华东交通大学,华侨大学,淮阴工学院,淮阴师范学院,吉林大学,嘉兴学院,江苏第二师范学院,解放军理工大学,兰州交通大学,廊坊师范学院,丽水学院,辽宁工业大学,辽宁石油化工大学,南昌航空大学,南华大学,南京大学,     

腐植酸改碱肥料在西部绿化开发中的应用

生态环境革命是二十一世纪世界发展的主题,而绿色是生态环境的中心,盐碱土绿化是世界难题,多年来国内外学者一直探讨改良的捷径,据统计,我国有5．2亿亩盐碱地,分布在23个省,市,自治区,北方多为微碱性,碱性土壤,盐碱程度重的100多个城市,东北,华北地区的大庆,德州及天津,黄骅,东营等市,西部地区包括银川,内,蒙,宁夏,甘肃,陕西,青海,西藏有盐碱地2．12亿亩,盐碱是制约西部园林绿化的难点,山东省德州市盐碱土绿化研究所,历时十年的艰辛探索,研究出新型腐植酸改碱肥料。“园艺盐碱土改良肥”,1994年通过省级鉴定,1997年获山东省科技进步三等奖,目前已在全国十余省包括天津,银川,大庆,盐城,兰州等地推广应用。     

从醋酸生产乙醇的过程

正在第一金属,硅酸盐载体和至少一种载体改性剂存在下醋酸加氢反应选择性生产乙醇的过程。优先地,第一金属从由铜,铁,钴,镍,钌,铑,钯,锇,铱,铂,钛,锌,铬,铼,钼和钨组成的基团中选择。另外,催化剂可能包含第二金属,优先从由铜,钼,锡,铬,铁,钴,钒,钨,钯,铂,镧,铯,锰,钌,铼,金和镍组成的基团中选择。     

樟树资源化学加工利用产业发展现状

油樟和樟树化学型中的芳樟、龙脑樟是中国特色樟科树种,总面积约8万公顷,主要分布在四川宜宾、四川广安、江西赣州、广西南宁、湖南新晃等地。樟树叶油中的1,8-桉叶素、芳樟醇和天然龙脑是重要的出口产品,也是医药、香精香料和日化行业的主要原料。本文综述了樟树资源特征、分布,介绍了油樟油、芳樟油、龙脑樟油的化学组成和生物活性,樟树油的主要产品及其提取、分离、纯化技术,以及质量控制、分析检测方法和存在的技术瓶颈;分析了樟树产业现状及其在医药、香料日化、食品等行业中的应用,阐述了樟树产业在应用基础研究、终端产品研发、国家、省级相关规划、标准化原料基地建设、樟树定向培育技术等方面存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议与对策,为樟树资源化学加工利用提供参考依据。     

Biosorption: critical review of scientific rationale,environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment

Biosorption may be simply defined as the removal of substances from solution by biological material. Such substances can be organic and inorganic, and in gaseous, soluble or insoluble forms. Biosorption is a physico‐chemical process and includes such mechanisms as absorption, adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation. Biosorption is a property of both living and dead organisms (and their components) and has been heralded as a promising biotechnology for pollutant removal from solution, and/or pollutant recovery, for a number of years, because of its efficiency, simplicity, analogous operation to conventional ion exchange technology, and availability of biomass. Most biosorption studies have carried out on microbial systems, chiefly bacteria, microalgae and fungi, and with toxic metals and radionuclides, including actinides like uranium and thorium. However, practically all biological material has an affinity for metal species and a considerable amount of other research exists with macroalgae (seaweeds) as well as plant and animal biomass, waste organic sludges, and many other wastes or derived bio‐products. While most biosorption research concerns metals and related substances, including radionuclides, the term is now applied to particulates and all manner of organic substances as well. However, despite continuing dramatic increases in published research on biosorption, there has been little or no exploitation in an industrial context. This article critically reviews aspects of biosorption research regarding the benefits, disadvantages, and future potential of biosorption as an industrial process, the rationale, scope and scientific value of biosorption research, and the significance of biosorption in other waste treatment processes and in the environment. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Graphene-Based Sensors for the Detection of Bioactive Compounds: A Review

Over the last years, different nanomaterials have been investigated to design highly selective and sensitive sensors, reaching nano/picomolar concentrations of biomolecules, which is crucial for medical sciences and the healthcare industry in order to assess physiological and metabolic parameters. The discovery of graphene (G) has unexpectedly impulsed research on developing cost-effective electrode materials owed to its unique physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, elevated carrier mobility, exceptional electrical and thermal conductivity, strong stiffness and strength combined with flexibility and optical transparency. G and its derivatives, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), are becoming an important class of nanomaterials in the area of optical and electrochemical sensors. The presence of oxygenated functional groups makes GO nanosheets amphiphilic, facilitating chemical functionalization. G-based nanomaterials can be easily combined with different types of inorganic nanoparticles, including metals and metal oxides, quantum dots, organic polymers, and biomolecules, to yield a wide range of nanocomposites with enhanced sensitivity for sensor applications. This review provides an overview of recent research on G-based nanocomposites for the detection of bioactive compounds, providing insights on the unique advantages offered by G and its derivatives. Their synthesis process, functionalization routes, and main properties are summarized, and the main challenges are also discussed. The antioxidants selected for this review are melatonin, gallic acid, tannic acid, resveratrol, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and curcumin. They were chosen owed to their beneficial properties for human health, including antibiotic, antiviral, cardiovascular protector, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, antiageing, antidegenerative, and antiallergic capacity. The sensitivity and selectivity of G-based electrochemical and fluorescent sensors are also examined. Finally, the future outlook for the development of G-based sensors for this type of biocompounds is outlined.     

A review of liquid silicone rubber injection molding: Process variables and process modeling

Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is an elastomer molded into critical performance components for applications in medical, power, consumer, automotive, and aerospace applications. This article reviews process behavior, material modeling, and simulation of the (LSR) injection molding process. Each phase of the LSR injection molding process is discussed, including resin handling, plastication, injection, pack and hold, and curing; and factors affecting the molding process are reviewed. Processing behavior of LSR is marked by transient interactions between curing, shear rate, temperature, pressure, and tooling. Therefore, current LSR models for curing, viscosity, pressure, and temperature are discussed. Process dynamics and material modeling are combined in LSR injection molding simulations with applications in mold design, troubleshooting process-induced defects, and management of shear stress and non-uniform temperatures between LSR and substrates during overmolding. Finally, case studies using commercial simulation software are presented, which have shown cavity pressure and flow front advancement within 3% of experimental values. Optimization of LSR materials, data collection, model fitting, venting, and bonding remain areas of continued interest.     

Potential of Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Carbon Nanotube Composite in Energy,Electronics, and Membrane Technology: An Overview

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic and electroactive polymer with piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties, thermal stability, elasticity, and chemical resistance. PVDF exits in five different phases (α, β, δ, γ, and ε-phase). Unique properties of this polymer enhances its use in chemical, biomedical, and electronic industries such as supercapacitors, transducers, actuators, and batteries. Carbon nanotube (CNT) is used as reinforcement to exploit full potential of PVDF in energy, electronics, and membrane technology. The nanofiller affects morphology, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, electrical, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical properties of PVDF-based nanocomposite. CNT content and chemical modification influence properties as well as application of PVDF.     

The Emerging Roles of Chromogranins and Derived Polypeptides in Atherosclerosis,Diabetes, and Coronary Heart Disease

Chromogranin A (CgA), B (CgB), and C (CgC), the family members of the granin glycoproteins, are associated with diabetes. These proteins are abundantly expressed in neurons, endocrine, and neuroendocrine cells. They are also present in other areas of the body. Patients with diabetic retinopathy have higher levels of CgA, CgB, and CgC in the vitreous humor. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients have high CgA and low CgB levels in the circulating blood. Plasma CgA levels are increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and heart failure. CgA is the precursor to several functional peptides, including catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, chromofungin, and many others. Catestatin, vasostain-1, and vasostatin-2 suppress the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. Catestatin and vasostatin-1 suppress oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in human macrophages. Catestatin and vasostatin-2, but not vasostatin-1, suppress the proliferation and these three peptides suppress the migration in human vascular smooth muscles. Chronic infusion of catestatin, vasostatin-1, or vasostatin-2 suppresses the development of atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Catestatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, and chromofungin protect ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction in rats. Since pancreastatin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, and regulates glucose metabolism in liver and adipose tissues, pancreastatin inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) improves insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. Catestatin stimulates therapeutic angiogenesis in the mouse hind limb ischemia model. Gene therapy with secretoneurin, a CgC-derived peptide, stimulates postischemic neovascularization in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and improves diabetic neuropathy in db/db mice. Therefore, CgA is a biomarker for atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. CgA- and CgC--derived polypeptides provide the therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and ischemia-induced tissue damages. PSTi8 is useful in the treatment of diabetes.     

A review of ZrO2 nanoparticles applications and recent advancements

The many branches of nanoscience have made significant strides and advancements during the past ten years, as has the entire scientific community. Zirconia nanoparticles have several uses as adsorbents, nanosensors, nanocatalysts, and other types of nanomaterials. Their outstanding biomedical uses in dental care and drug delivery, as well as their intriguing biological characteristics, such as their anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and antioxidant activity, have further encouraged researchers to investigate their physicochemical properties using various synthetic pathways. Due to the popularity of zirconia-based nanomaterials, the current research comprehensively examines several synthesis techniques and their effects on the composition, dimensions, forms, and morphologies of these nanomaterials. In general, there are two methods for creating zirconia nanoparticles: chemical synthesis, which uses hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol-gel, microwave, solution combustion, and co-precipitation processes; and a greener method, which uses bacteria, fungi, and plant components. The aforementioned techniques have been evaluated in the present review for achieving particular phases and shapes. A thorough analysis of zirconia-based nanomaterial's uses is also included in the review. Furthermore, comparisons with their equivalent composites for various applications as well as the influence of particular phases and morphologies have been added. The final portion includes the summary, future outlook, and potential application.     

建筑陶瓷装饰技术的现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了建筑陶瓷领域、日用陶瓷和工艺美术陶瓷领域装饰技术的最新进展,着重介绍了引领陶瓷装饰技术发展和最新潮流的意大利、西班牙在这方面的水平和成果,他们为开放的中国从世界陶瓷大国尽快过渡到世界陶瓷强国提供了借鉴和方向。装饰技术的总体水平包括设计、装饰技法、装饰工艺、装饰材料和装饰机械装备等几大方面,其中设计是龙头,它应包括产品的图案设计、造型设计、色彩的搭配、产品的应用及展示设计等多个方面;装饰技法包括平面装饰和立体装饰、平铺和点缀、多种装饰材料的交替和组合应用等;装饰工艺包括布料(多管布料、多次布料、随机布料、微粉和干粒布料),丝网印刷(平面丝网印刷、辊筒印刷、胶辊印刷),各种施釉工艺,抛光,柔抛,釉抛和半釉抛工艺,磨边和水刀切割,拼花工艺等;装饰材料有各种色料、成釉、金属釉、干粒、印油、渗花液、喷墨印刷用耗材等;装饰机械装备包括各种装饰机械和工模具。     

套管损坏防治技术

针对油田套管损坏情况日益严重的现状,进行了套管损坏类型、特点及套损机理研究,形成了配套完善的套损防治技术体系。完善了从钻井、完井、固井及开发生产全过程的套损预防与保护系列技术,形成了以修胀套、爆炸整形、打通道、套管加固、取换套、侧钻为主的系列套管修复技术以及以工程测井为主的套管状况检测系列技术。并由实践认识到:只有坚持预防为主,研、防、治并举,建立适合不同油藏类型、不同开发阶段、不同开发方式的套损综合防治模式,才能解决油田套管损坏问题。     

油气集输过程中含油污泥减量化

集输过程中的含油污泥具有成分复杂、含液率高、乳化胶结稳定等特性，占油田危险废物新增量的约60%，是污染防治的重点。近年来，学者们开展了大量“调质-固液分离”减量化技术降低其环境风险和处置成本，但仍存在需要针对含油污泥不同来源优选相匹配的减量化调质方法和装置的难题。为此，本文回顾了氧化、破乳、絮凝、干化/半干、超声波、微波等化学与物理调质方法，离心机、叠螺机、压滤机3种固液分离装置研究进展，通过分别对各种调质方法及装置的对比分析，重点阐述了其作用机理、优缺点、适用对象。其中化学调质方法中破乳氧化、加酸更适用于高含聚油泥；表面活性剂破乳需加热，可与超声波相结合；有机和无机絮凝剂配合可提高罐底泥中油回收效果；干化/半干化法受经济效益制约。在文献基础上，认为未来应加强生物表面活性剂、生物电化学系统、椭圆叠螺机、基于固液分离装置数值模型基础上的设计与优化软件、多学科相结合的减量化耦合技术研究。