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1.
丙酸酯在离子液体中的催化合成研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈栓虎  胥学旺  马春平  刘震 《化学试剂》2006,28(12):753-754,756
利用正交实验法获得了在离子液体[Hmim] BF4-中合成丙酸正丁酯的最佳工艺条件,考察了在该离子液体催化下,丙酸和多种醇的酯化反应及催化剂的重复使用性能;实验结果表明,离子液体[Hmim] BF4-催化合成丙酸正丁酯的最佳工艺条件为n离子液体∶n丙酸∶n正丁醇=1∶4∶1,油浴温度140℃,反应时间8 h,此时收率可达77.8%。离子液体[Hmim] BF4-在丙酸酯化反应中具有良好的催化活性,反应条件温和,无腐蚀、无废酸排放,并可以重复使用。  相似文献   

2.
离子液体[bmin]PTSA中松香乙酯的微波辅助合成   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑对甲苯磺酸盐离子液体([bmim]PTSA)作溶剂和催化剂,在微波辐射下通过松香与乙醇的直接酯化反应合成了松香乙酯.探索了催化剂种类、离子液体种类、离子液体用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应酯化率的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:反应温度100℃,反应时间1h,[bmim]PTSA对松香质量比4:1.在此条件下,酯化率达95.5%.该离子液体易于与反应产物分离,且可以重复使用.  相似文献   

3.
在[emim]BF4离子液体中Pt片电极上通过恒电位电沉积制备出金属Ti。采用液/液连续萃取方法对亲水性离子液体[emim]BF4进行提纯,高纯水多次洗涤方法对疏水性离子液体[bmim]PF6进行提纯。在[emim]BF4和[bmim]PF6两种离子液体中研究了Ti Cl4的循环伏安,在含有Ti Cl4的[emim]BF4离子液体中,研究了Pt片电极上的恒电位电沉积。结果表明,连续萃取方法提纯[emim]BF4及高纯水多次洗涤[bmim]PF6,可使两种离子液体纯度分别达到实验要求;在离子液体[emim]BF4中,在Pt片电极上,在-1.8 V(vs Pt)下电解2 h,沉积物中的Ti含量达82.8%。  相似文献   

4.
《应用化工》2022,(4):767-770
在[emim]BF4离子液体中Pt片电极上通过恒电位电沉积制备出金属Ti。采用液/液连续萃取方法对亲水性离子液体[emim]BF4进行提纯,高纯水多次洗涤方法对疏水性离子液体[bmim]PF6进行提纯。在[emim]BF4和[bmim]PF6两种离子液体中研究了Ti Cl4的循环伏安,在含有Ti Cl4的[emim]BF4离子液体中,研究了Pt片电极上的恒电位电沉积。结果表明,连续萃取方法提纯[emim]BF4及高纯水多次洗涤[bmim]PF6,可使两种离子液体纯度分别达到实验要求;在离子液体[emim]BF4中,在Pt片电极上,在-1.8 V(vs Pt)下电解2 h,沉积物中的Ti含量达82.8%。  相似文献   

5.
离子液体[bmim]PTSA中松香乙酯的微波辅助合成   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑对甲苯磺酸盐离子液体([bmim]PTSA)作溶剂和催化剂,在微波辐射下通过松香与乙醇的直接酯化反应合成了松香乙酯。探索了催化剂种类、离子液体种类、离子液体用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应酯化率的影响,确定最佳反应条件为:反应温度100℃,反应时间1 h,[bmim]PTSA对松香质量比4∶1。在此条件下,酯化率达95.5%。该离子液体易于与反应产物分离,且可以重复使用。  相似文献   

6.
离子液体催化合成食用香料乳酸乙酯的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以离子液体[HSO3-pmim]HSO4为催化剂,乳酸和乙醇为原料合成乳酸乙酯。通过正交实验考察了影响酯化反应的主要因素,确定最佳合成条件为:[HSO3-pmim]HSO4用量10mL,酸醇摩尔比1.0∶1.5,反应温度110℃,反应时间2.0h,酯化率达96.7%。离子液体易分离回收,可重复使用。  相似文献   

7.
研究了γ-Al2O3在不同室温离子液体中的溶解性能,发现甘油的加入可以大幅提高γ-Al2O3在[bmim]BF4和[emim]BF4离子液体中的溶解度,这为在室温离子液体中电沉积铝提供了可能。通过实验考察了甘油的加入量和温度对γ-Al2O3在[emim]BF4中溶解度的影响。结果表明,在100℃下加入等体积的甘油,γ-Al2O3在[emim]BF4离子液体中的溶解度为0.058 g mL 1。随着温度的升高,γ-Al2O3的溶解度增大:160℃时γ-Al2O3的溶解度达到了0.097 g mL 1。根据实验结果对甘油促进γ-Al2O3在[emim]BF4中溶解的原因进行了探讨,认为[emim]BF4能催化甘油脱水生成丙酮醇,[emim]BF4水解产生的HF促进了γ-Al2O3的溶解。  相似文献   

8.
针对液体酸存在的设备腐蚀及回收利用问题,利用质子酸酸化的1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸([emim]BF4)离子液体(ILs)既作反应溶剂又作催化剂,催化苯氨基甲酸甲酯(MPC)与甲醛缩合制备4,4'-二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(4,4'-MDC)反应.考察了反应温度、原料配比、离子液体用量及反应时间等因素对4,4'-MDC合成反应的影响.适宜的反应条件为:70℃、n(MPC) / n(HCHO) = 4/1、wt(ILs) / wt(MPC) = 4/1、1.5 h,此时4,4'-MDC产率为71.7%、选择性为71.9%.借助超声波对反应后的酸化离子液体进行萃取提纯,处理后的酸化离子液体循环使用时其催化活性基本保持不变.  相似文献   

9.
酸功能化离子液体催化合成马来酸二异辛酯   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
合成了4种酸功能化离子液体,由IR、1HNMR对其结构进行了确证,并将其用于催化合成马来酸二异辛酯。结果表明,以离子液体[HSO3-pMIM]HSO4为催化剂,n(马来酸酐)∶n(异辛醇)=1∶2.2,马来酸酐0.1 mol,催化剂用量2.3 g,回流反应2.0 h条件下,马来酸酐酯化率达98.5%。且该离子液体与反应产物易于分离。反应后的离子液体[HSO3-pMIM]HSO4未经处理可重复使用7次,酯化率仍高于97.5%,第7次使用后用水萃取,其回收率为68.5%,补加至第一次用量再次进行实验,得酯化率为98.5%。  相似文献   

10.
酸性离子液体催化合成草酸二乙酯   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
张淑新 《化工进展》2011,30(2):407-410
合成了4种咪唑基酸性离子液体,用于催化草酸和乙醇酯化反应合成草酸二乙酯.考察了影响反应的主要因素,确定最佳反应工艺条件为:采用[Mim(CH2)3SO3H]HSO4离子液体为催化剂,反应温度为110℃,反应时间为90min,,n(乙醇):n(草酸)=4:1.在此条件下离子液体循环使用4次,活性变化不明显,草酸二乙酯收率...  相似文献   

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Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.  相似文献   

13.
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.  相似文献   

14.
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.  相似文献   

15.
A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by 1H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO2 coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N2 absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.  相似文献   

16.
Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.  相似文献   

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