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利用二乙烯三胺与均苯三甲酰氯在聚丙烯腈超滤膜表面的界面聚合反应,将埃洛石纳米管引入聚酰胺分离层中制备埃洛石纳米管/聚酰胺纳滤膜。傅里叶红外光谱及扫描电镜分析证实聚丙烯腈膜表面已形成聚酰胺分离层。水接触角测试结果表明,所有膜均为亲水性膜。埃洛石纳米管的加入量合适时,不仅可增大膜的脱盐率,同时可增大膜通量,呈现反"trade off"效应。增大反应单体浓度或延长反应时间,脱盐率均先增大后减小,通量则呈相反趋势。当二乙烯三胺和均苯三甲酰氯质量分数分别为0.6%和0.5%、埃洛石质量为0.01 g、反应时间为10 min时,制备的NF2膜在0.6 MPa下对NaCl、MgCl_2、Na_2SO_4、MgSO_4的脱除率分别为62.8%、84.4%、90.9%和90.7%,通量约为14.5 L/(m~2·h)。用于1 000 mg/L CoCl_2脱除时,对Co~(2+)的脱除率达89.4%。 相似文献
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以导电态纳米聚苯胺(PANI)为添加剂,哌嗪和均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)为反应单体,通过界面聚合反应在聚砜超滤膜上形成复合层制备纳滤膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等对复合膜的性能和结构分别进行了测试和表征。SEM照片证实PANI含量低时,可以在复合膜上分布得比较均匀;AFM图像看出膜表面粗糙度的增加;膜性能的测试结果证实了添加PANI的复合膜水通量得到了提高,同时脱盐率也有变化。最优实验条件下,膜对Na2SO4、Mg SO4、Mg Cl2和Na Cl的截留率分别为99.4%、98.5%、85.4%和59.2%。试验结果表明,加入PANI能够提高膜的水通量,并提升了膜的脱盐性能。 相似文献
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《现代化工》2016,(6)
利用涂覆交联的方法,以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)的共混液为活性层铸膜液,水解的聚丙烯腈(PAN)超滤膜为支撑层,Fe(NO_3)_3水溶液为交联剂,制备了一种新型共混复合纳滤膜。其最佳制备条件为:CMC/PAAS共混质量比为4∶1,交联剂浓度为0.125 mol/L,交联时间为2.5 h。利用全反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM-EDAX)对膜结构进行表征。结果表明,Fe~(3+)能够有效地交联活性层与支撑层,形成结构稳定的纳滤膜。纳滤膜对无机盐的截留按以下顺序依次降低:Na_2SO_4、Na Cl、Mg SO_4、Mg Cl_2,表现出荷负电纳滤膜的截留特征。在连续运行24 h后,纳滤膜的纯水通量仍可达到7 L/m~2·h,截留率约为85%,显示了较好的稳定性能。 相似文献
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为了提高哌嗪基聚酰胺纳滤膜的耐氯性,通过原位改性的方法在膜表面修饰了对氯稳定的3,5-二氨基-1,2,4-三唑(DAT)。DAT引入后,改性膜表面出现了更大、更多的结节结构,膜表面变得更加粗糙和亲水。在DAT质量分数为0.1%、交联时间为2 min的条件下,改性膜的纯水通量高达55.9 L/(m2·h),对无机盐的截留顺序为Na2SO4(96.7%)>MgSO4(79.5%)>MgCl2(33.7%)>NaCl(27.3%)。经不同pH次氯酸钠溶液浸泡后,未改性膜的表面结构被严重破坏,形成了巨大的聚合物颗粒,堵塞了水的传递路径,水通量下降了20%以上,分离性能恶化。而改性膜受到活性氯攻击很小,表面形貌较完整地保存下来,并且在保持较高盐截留率的同时,其水通量还有所上升,这对于构建耐氯脱盐纳滤膜具有很大的吸引力。 相似文献
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以间苯二甲胺(mXDA)为胺类单体与均苯三甲酰氯(TMC)反应,制备了1种耐氯复合纳滤膜,对其表面组成、结构进行了表征,并通过改变缓冲体系、调节界面反应条件,对该纳滤膜的性能进行优化。结果表明,界面聚合反应后在底膜上成功制备了聚酰胺层。在水相单体m XDA、油相单体TMC的质量分数分别为0.1%、0.075%,反应时间30 s、热处理时间10 min的优化条件下,复合纳滤膜对Na_2SO_4的截留率达94.5%,通量56.4 L/(m~2·h)。而且该膜在活性氯的质量浓度为5 g/L时浸泡1 h仍能保持完整的功能层结构,在截留率基本保持不变的情况下水通量提升33%。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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塔设备改造选型的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后,着重介绍一种新型塔板(导向梯形浮阀塔板)和一种新型填料(波环填料——乾隆帕克)。 相似文献