Porous β-Ca2SiO4 ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: In vitro and in vivo characterization

The biodegradable ceramic scaffolds with desirable pore size, porosity and mechanical properties play a crucial role in bone tissue engineering and bone transplantation. A novel porous β-dicalcium silicate (β-Ca₂SiO₄) ceramic scaffold was prepared by sintering the green body consisting of CaCO₃ and SiO₂ at 1300 °C, which generated interconnected pore network with proper pore size of about 300 μm and high compressive strength (28.13±5.37–10.36±0.83 MPa) following the porosity from 53.54±5.37% to 71.44±0.83%. Porous β-Ca₂SiO₄ ceramic scaffolds displayed a good biocompatibility, since human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and goat bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferated continuously on the scaffolds after 7 d culture. The porous β-Ca₂SiO₄ ceramic scaffolds revealed well apatite-forming ability when incubated in the simulated body fluid (SBF). According to the histological test, the degradation of porous β-Ca₂SiO₄ ceramic scaffolds and the new bone tissue generation in vivo were observed following 9 weeks implantation in nude mice. These results suggested that the porous β-Ca₂SiO₄ ceramic scaffolds could be potentially applied in bone tissue engineering.     

New 3D stratified Si-Ca-P porous scaffolds obtained by sol-gel and polymer replica method: Microstructural,mineralogical and chemical characterization

The aim of this research was to develop and characterize a novel stratified porous scaffold for future uses in bone tissue engineering. In this study, a calcium silicophosphate porous scaffold, with nominal composition 29.32 wt% SiO₂ – 67.8 wt% CaO – 2.88 wt% P₂O₅, was produced using the sol-gel and polymer replication methods. Polyurethane sponges were used as templates which were impregnated with a homogeneous sol solution and sintered at 950 °C and 1400 °C during 8 h. The characteristics of the 3D stratified porous scaffolds were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry, Diametric Compression of Discs Test and Hg porosimetry techniques. The result showed highly porous stratified calcium silicophosphate scaffolds with micro and macropores interconnected. Also, the material has a diametrical strength dependent on the number of layers of the stratified scaffolds and the sintering temperature.     

Fabrication and properties of transparent Nd-doped BaF2 ceramics

Nd:BaF₂ nanoparticles have been prepared via co-precipitation and a pumping filtration wash method. The phase composition and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses, respectively. SEM observations revealed the powder's particle size to be approximately 100-200 nm after calcination at 600°C for 5 hours in Ar. The transparent Nd:BaF₂ ceramics were then fabricated by the one-step vacuum sintering method at a temperature of 1200°C for 10 hours. SEM observations of the polished and thermally etched cross sections of the sintered ceramic revealed a highly homogenous microstructure with average grain size of 420 μm. Optical property characterization revealed that the transmittance of the ceramic reaches a maximum of ~70% in the infrared wavelength range, and an emission peak located at 1058 nm, excited by 808 nm light.     

Synthesis of 3D porous ceramic scaffolds obtained by the sol-gel method with surface morphology modified by hollow spheres for bone tissue engineering applications

In the present work, we modified the surface morphology of 3D porous ceramic scaffolds by incorporating strontium phosphate (SrP) hollow nano-/microspheres with potential application as delivery system for the local release of therapeutic substances. SrP hollow spheres were synthesized by a template-free hydrothermal method. The influence of the reaction temperature, time and concentration of reactants on precipitates' morphology and size were investigated. To obtain a larger number of open hollow spheres, a new methodology was developed consisting of applying a second hydrothermal treatment to spheres by heating them at 120 °C for 24 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that spheres consisted of a main magnesium-substituted strontium phosphate phase ((Sr_0.86Mg_0.14)₃(PO₄)₂). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs confirmed that spheres had hollow interiors (～350 nm size) and an average diameter of 850 nm. Spheres had a specific surface area of 30.5 m²/g, a mesoporous shell with an average pore size of 3.8 nm, and a pore volume of 0.14 cm³/g. These characteristics make them promising candidates for drug, cell and protein delivery. For the attachment of spheres to scaffolds’ surface, ceramic structures were immersed in an ethanol solution containing 0.1 g of hollow spheres and kept at 37 °C for 4 h. The scaffolds with incorporated spheres were bioactive after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days and spheres were still adhered to their surface after 14 days.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel multifunctional magnetic bioceramic nanocomposite

An emerging approach in tissue engineering, especially in cases where large bone cavities remain unfilled after tumor removal, is the implementation of bioceramic scaffolds with magnetic properties for bone augmentation. The fabrication of bioactive porous scaffolds with adequate mechanical characteristics and sufficient porosity represents to assist bone regeneration. one of the most important difficulties in tissue engineering. The final goal is, the in situ apatite formation, a synergistic result of bioceramics, and stem cell activation/differentiation to promote bone regeneration via magnetically driven osteogenic lineage. This study focuses on the development of a novel multifunctional three-dimensional scaffold with certain physicochemical and biological features, addressing diverse difficult issues, such as bioactivity and biocompatibility, as well as bone tissue malignancies. The synthetic approach initiates with the synthesis of CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NP), followed by the fabrication of Mg₂SiO₄–CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposite (NC), employing a two-pot sol-gel synthesis method. Finally, three-dimensional scaffolds (MS) are fabricated via the polymer foam replica technique. X-Ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, reveal the occurrence of the constituent materials (forsterite: Mg₂SiO₄ and cobalt iron oxide). Static magnetic characterization at each fabrication stage outlines the collective magnetic features while magnetic particle hyperthermia highlights the heating efficiency quantified as specific loss power (SLP) and specific absorption rate (SAR) in W·g⁻¹ (NP: 19 - 43 °C in 100 s, SLP = 450 W g⁻¹, NC: SLP = 200 W g⁻¹, SAR= 1,07 W g⁻¹). This opens promising pathways in bone tissue regeneration cancer treatments combined with targeted delivery of active/pharmaceutical substances and magnetic hyperthermia.     

Effect of SiO2 in situ cross-linked CS/PVA on SrFe12O19 scaffolds prepared by 3D gel printing for targeting

The design of magnetic composite scaffolds with superior properties has the potential to construct a targeted delivery platform with hyperthermia. In this study, strontium hexaferrite (SrFe₁₂O₁₉, SrM) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were obtained by the chemical precipitation method. Non-toxic cross-linked biogels were prepared for adhesive ceramic scaffolds, and chitosan/polyvinylalcohol (CS/PVA)-bonded SrM magnetic nanoscaffolds were successfully prepared by 3D gel printing (3DGP) method. The effects of PVA physical cross-linking and in situ formed SiO₂ on the properties of CS-bonded scaffolds were evaluated, and the compressive strengths were increased from 6.13 ± 2.45 MPa to 8.80 ± 2.02 MPa and 17.18 ± 2.15 MPa, respectively. The results showed that the saturation magnetization of SiO₂/CS/PVA/SrM composite scaffolds was 59.96 emu/g. In vitro immersion experiments showed that the degradation rates of SiO₂/CS/PVA/SrM scaffolds were 4.90% after 28 days, and the in situ SiO₂ improved the deposition of calcium salts on the scaffolds. The experiments showed that the SrM magnetic scaffolds could not only concentrate magnetic fields to improve the efficiency of targeting deposition but also achieve a weak targeting process without external magnetic field assistance. In vitro cell proliferation test showed that MC3T3-E1 cells had good adhesion and proliferation on the surface of SiO₂/CS/PVA/SrM scaffolds, which indicated that the scaffolds may be used for bone repairing.     

Zirconia ceramics with additions of Alumina for advanced tribological and biomedical applications

The results of an investigation on slip cast and sintered Y₂O₃ (3 wt%)- stabilized ZrO₂ with additions of 5, 10, 15 wt% Al₂O₃ are reported. The surface roughness, porosity and density of the samples were measured. The hardness HRc and Hv, fracture toughness K_1C, and friction coefficients were also measured using standard methods. The structural properties of the samples were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The surface topography was evaluated by means of Chromatic White Light Interferometry using MicroSpy® Topo of FRT Rauheit Kontur before and after tribological tests. The phase and chemical composition were analyzed by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that the addition of Al₂O₃ into YSZ ceramics in the range of 5–10% allows the mechanical and tribological characteristics of the material that can be applied in different mechanical machines for different metallurgical processes to be improved, as well as in chemical engineering or medicine.     

Fabrication of micro-scale textured grooves on green ZrO2 ceramics by pulsed laser ablation

The green ZrO₂ ceramics were fabricated by cold isostatic pressing. Pulsed laser ablation with a wavelength of 1064 nm was performed to fabricate micro-scale textured grooves on the surface of green ZrO₂ ceramics. The influence of laser parameters on surface quality was studied. The heat-affected zone around the machined grooves and micromorphology of laser-irradiated surface were investigated. Results showed that micro-scale textured grooves with a width of 30–50 µm and a depth of 15–50 µm on the green ZrO₂ ceramic surfaces were successfully fabricated by pulsed laser ablation. The laser parameters had a profound influence on the surface quality of micro-scale textured grooves. Better surface quality could be obtained with frequency below 40 Hz, power below 6 W, and scanning velocity above 200 mm/s. A sintering layer was found on the laser-irradiated surfaces when frequency was above 60 Hz, power was above 10 W, and scanning velocity was below 150 mm/s. Analysis of this sintering layer revealed clear melting and resolidification of ZrO₂ particles.     

Bioactivity and biodegradability of high temperature sintered 58S ceramics

Bioactive glasses are often considered in bone tissue engineering applications where mechanical strength is essential. As such, bioactive glass scaffolds are often sintered to improve mechanical strength. However, sintering can lead to crystallization, which reduces bioactivity and biodegradability. It has generally been considered that amorphous biomaterials exhibit better bioactivity. However, the in-vitro bioactivity and biodegradability of the sintered 58S made from initial amorphous powder and partially crystalline powder with the same chemical compositions (60SiO₂-36CaO-4P₂O₅ (mol%)) have not been compared before.In this study, 58S bioactive glass (fully amorphous) and glass-ceramic (partially crystallized) powders were synthesized using the sol-gel process, followed by heat-treating at 600 °C for 3 h (calcination). The powders were mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose solution as a binder, shaped in a cylindrical mold, dried, and then sintered at 1100 °C for 5 h. The in-vitro bioactivity and biodegradability of the sintered samples were assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for times up to 28 days. The specimens were investigated before and after immersion in SBF using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The In-vitro bioactivity and biodegradability rate of the sintered 58S produced from the glass ceramic powder were higher than that from fully amorphous powder. This study shows that the initial structure after calcination is important and affects the subsequent crystallization during sintering. Therefore, crystallinity and formation of hydroxyapatite after calcination are important controlling mechanisms that can increase the bioactivity and biodegradability rate of sintered 58S.     

Effect of PCL concentration on PCL/CaSiO3 porous composite scaffolds for bone engineering

Porous polycaprolactone (PCL)-coated calcium silicate (CaSiO₃) composite scaffolds were successfully prepared by 3D gel-printing (3DGP) and vacuum impregnation technology in this study. The effect of different PCL concentration on porous CaSiO₃ scaffolds prepared by 3DGP technology was studied. The composition and morphological characteristics of PCL/CaSiO₃ scaffolds were tested by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis. PCL coating amount on the scaffolds surface was calculated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compressive strength was tested by a universal testing machine, and degradability was tested by immersing the scaffolds in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The results show that PCL coating thickness increased from 7.29 μm to 12.2 μm, and the compressive strength of the corresponding composite scaffolds increased from 17.15 MPa to 24.12 MPa following with PCL concentration increasing from 7.5% to 12.5%. When the porous composite scaffolds were immersed in SBF for 28 days, the degradation ratio was 1.06% (CaSiO₃), 1.63% (CaSiO₃-7.5PCL), 1.81% (CaSiO₃-10PCL) and 1.55% (CaSiO₃-12.5PCL), respectively. It is obviously that PCL/CaSiO₃ composite scaffolds, which are suitable for bone growth in bone repair engineering, are beneficial to improve the mechanical properties and biodegradability of pure CaSiO₃ scaffolds.     

Electrically active and 3D porous TiO2-x ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration

Bone healing can be significantly improved by applying electrical stimuli in the injured region. Thus, electrically active scaffolds with 3D structure are of interest as bone graft substitute materials. Such materials can locally deliver electrical current to the cells in the bone defects and in the same time ensure space for new bone formation. Present study is focused on preparation of novel highly porous and electrically active TiO_2-x ceramic scaffolds via polymer replica method. Scaffolds showed fully open and interconnected pore structure with porosity above 95%. Thermal treatment of the scaffolds under high vacuum conditions was realized to obtain nonstoichiometric TiO_2-x scaffolds and as a result electrical conductivity significantly increased from ∼10⁻⁹ mS/m to ∼40 mS/m. In vitro studies confirmed that scaffolds are cytocompatible and enhances cell spreading. Thus, TiO_2-x scaffolds holds a potential to be used in bone tissue regeneration as an electrical stimuli supplier enhancing bone healing process.     

Characterization of precipitates formed in X7R 0603 BME-MLCC during sintering

In the current study two different batches of X7R-0603 BME-MLCCs displayed dissimilar electrical performance, despite having the same chemical composition, tape casting, and sintering conditions; with the only difference between them being the ore deposits where the raw materials were extracted from to synthesize the BaTiO₃. Specifically, they presented different electrical response to highly accelerated life tests (HALT). Although the chemical analysis of each slip showed the same composition, the trace elements of the BaTiO₃ sources could have acted as dopants or produced different secondary phases. A search for precipitates in the two samples was conducted by means of Scanning (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. SEM observations confirmed the presence of precipitates formed within the structure of the MLCCs exhibiting the greatest decrement in their electrical resistance results during the HALT. In order to further characterize the observed precipitates, samples were prepared by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) lift-out method, to make TEM characterization of specific precipitates feasible. TEM studies were performed on the precipitates to obtain electron diffraction patterns and complementary Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) chemical analysis. Based on the crystal and chemical data obtained, it can be concluded that the precipitates are a hexagonal anhydrous silicate oxyapatite phase with a stoichiometry of Ca₃Y₁₆Si₁₀O₁₃, and lattice parameters of a = 0.9353 nm and c = 0.6970 nm; this phase was not found in the JCPDS data base. Differences in raw materials coming from different ore deposits can produce undesired precipitates that affect the electrical performance of MLCCs.     

Plasma-activated direct bonding of patterned silicon-on-insulator wafers to diamond-coated wafers under vacuum

Direct wafer bonding requires the surfaces to have low surface roughness (R_a < 0.5 nm) as well as to be free of any particles or contaminants. Meeting these requirements for wafers patterned with lithography and dry etching presents a serious problem in terms of removal of photoresist residue and etch-related particles, which would require expensive additional equipment to be removed. In this study, we propose the use of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) to be performed after all lithography and dry etch process steps involving several masks are completed. To reduce the adverse effect of any remaining slurry that might reside in the etched structures, we also propose to reduce the maximum annealing temperature from 550 °C down to 300 °C. The effect of lower annealing temperature on bonding is compensated using a sequential plasma activation with 60 s of O₂ followed by 90 s of N₂ on contacting surfaces made of silicon dioxide to achieve successful wafer bonding. Initial plasma activation with O₂ additionally serves as a final cleaning step whereas the following activation with N₂ for an extended duration is to fully activate the surface for direct bonding. This proposed technique can motivate the use of direct wafer bonding for microfabrication of advanced MEMS devices.     

Modelling of relation between synthesis parameters and average crystallite size of Yb2O3 nanoparticles using Box-Behnken design

A straightforward wet chemical method has been applied for the fabrication of Yb₂O₃ nanoparticles (NPs) from ytterbium nitrate solution by using ammonium carbonate as precipitation agent. Effects of precursor molarity (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 M), calcination temperature (800, 900 and 1000 °C) and time (2, 4 and 6 h) on average crystallite size (CS) of the NPs were statistically investigated by using Box-Behnken design. A simple and effective quadratic model was proposed for controlling the CS. The CS values were calculated by using Williamson Hall method (W-H) from X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) broadening data and found to be ranging between 13 and 26 nm. Agglomerated NPs morphologies and particle sizes were revealed by Field Emission Gun-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry confirmed that as-received Yb₂(CO₃)₃xH₂O powders were successfully transformed into Yb₂O₃ NPs with calcination. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) results verified the average CS values. ANOVA analyses revealed that linear and squared terms of the production parameters were significantly related to the CS whereas interaction terms were insignificant with the confidence level of 95% (R² = 92.67%, R²-adj = 87.17%). The calcination temperature had the highest impact on the average CS followed by the time and precursor molarity. Increasing calcination parameters resulted in bigger crystallites whereas increasing precursor molarity exhibited a critical supersaturation value (0.15 M) from which the average CS was decreased.     

Effect of different MgFe2O4 contents on 3D gel-printed porous TCP–MgFe2O4 composite scaffolds

Magnetic materials have shown significant influence in the process of bone regeneration. In order to combine the bone repairing capability of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic with magnetic material, porous TCP–MgFe₂O₄ composite scaffolds were successfully prepared by three-dimensional (3D) gel-printing technology, and the effect of different MgFe₂O₄ contents on TCP–MgFe₂O₄ composite scaffolds was studied. The viscosity of printing slurry prepared with polyvinyl alcohol as binder decreased with the increase of shear rate, showing shear thinning. Results show that following with MgFe₂O₄ content increasing from 30 to 70 wt%, the compressive strength of the composite scaffolds increased from 8.45 to 10.58 MPa, the saturation magnetization increased from 3.07 to 7.20 emu/g, and the weight loss rate of degradation in vitro increased from 1.83% to 2.1% after 4 weeks, respectively. Live and dead staining shows that MC3T3-E1 cells had better proliferation on TCP–MgFe₂O₄ composite scaffolds than TCP scaffolds. Compared with pure TCP scaffolds, the addition of MgFe₂O₄ improves the comprehensive performance of scaffolds and meets the application requirements of bone repairing.     

Comparative study of hydroxyapatite/gelatin composites reinforced with bio-inert ceramic particles

Recently, nano bio-composites have emerged as an efficient strategy to upgrade the structural and functional properties of synthetic bone grafts. Bioinert ceramics have attracted wide attention because of their biocompatibility. Novel composites of nano-hydroxyapatite/GEL with incorporation of bioinert ceramics like Al₂O₃, TiO₂ and ZrO₂ for different composites as a reinforcing phase to increase its mechanical properties was prepared. The nHAp with the size of 10–50 nm in diameter and 50–100 nm in length was uniformly distributed into GEL matrix to form the composite. It was found that the composite with a high ceramic content has good homogeneity and mechanical strength, which are close to the cancellous bone. An interconnected porous material with porosity of at least 74% was achieved by phase inversion method. The formation reaction of the nHAp/GEL/bioinert ceramic nanocomposite was then investigated via FT-IR, XRD, TG/DTA and SEM. The organic–inorganic interaction between HAp nano crystallites and GEL molecules were confirmed from FT-IR and TG/DTA. The compressive strength of bioinert ceramic reinforced nanocomposites scaffolds could high up to 13.15 MPa while those of nHAp/GEL were 4.87 MPa. The nano indentation technique was used to find nano hardness and fracture toughness was evaluated by Vickers indentation.     

Novel β-TCP scaffold production using NaCl as a porogen for bone tissue applications

There are numerous methods for producing scaffolds to be applied in bone tissue engineering. However, the best method of scaffold production is essential to consider, with respect to their chemical composition and mechanical and structural properties, so that debris is not produced when the scaffolds are evaluated in vitro or in vivo.The primary aim of the present investigation was to produce six novel β-TCP scaffold compositions, using sodium chloride as a porogen, with two different particle sizes, measuring 1–2 mm and 750 mm-1mm, and at varied concentrations (30, 50, and 70 wt %). Physical, chemical, mechanical, and in vitro characterizations were then performed on each scaffold composition, using artificial saliva, for 7 and 14 days, with promising results. The XRD diffractograms showed the formation of two new crystalline phases (NaCaPO₄ and Ca₅[PO₄]₃Cl) in the scaffolds, after their production. In addition, scaffold porosity, Young's modulus, and the maximum resistance of compression values were in the trabecular bone range and the in vitro test, using artificial saliva, was favorable in relation to scaffold bioactivity.     

Physico-chemical and biological studies on three-dimensional porous silk/spray-dried mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds

The incorporation of a bioactive inorganic phase in polymeric scaffolds is a good strategy for the improvement of the bioactivity and the mechanical properties, which represent crucial features in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, spray-dried mesoporous bioactive glass particles (SD-MBG), belonging to the binary system of SiO₂-CaO (80:20 mol%), were used to prepare composite scaffolds by freeze-drying technique, using a silk fibroin matrix. The physico-chemical and biological properties of the scaffolds were extensively studied. The scaffolds showed a highly interconnected porosity with a mean pore size in the range of 150 µm for both pure silk and silk/SD-MBG scaffolds. The elastic moduli of the silk and silk/SD-MBG scaffolds were 1.1±0.2 MPa and 6.9±1.0 MPa and compressive strength were 0.5±0.05 MPa and 0.9±0.2 MPa, respectively, showing a noticeable increase of the mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds compared to the silk ones. The contact angle value decreased from 105.3° to 71.2° with the incorporation of SD-MBG particles. Moreover, the SD-MBG incorporation countered the lack of bioactivity of the silk scaffolds inducing the precipitation of hydroxyapatite layer on their surface already after 1 day of incubation in simulated body fluid. The composite scaffolds showed good biocompatibility and a good alkaline phosphatase activity toward human mesenchymal stromal cells, showing the ability for their use as three-dimensional constructs for bone tissue engineering.     

Preparation of CEL2 glass-ceramic porous scaffolds coated with chitosan microspheres that have a drug delivery function

The present work focused on the preparation of CEL2 bioactive glass (SiO₂–P₂O₅–CaO–MgO–K₂O–Na₂O) scaffolds loaded with chitosan microspheres. Chitosan microspheres, with a mean particle size of 0.55 μm ± 0.25 μm and loaded with acetaminophen, were obtained through the water-in-oil single emulsion solvent evaporation method and were adhered to the surface of the scaffolds by a simple dip-coating technique. The characterization of the microsphere-loaded scaffolds, before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF), was performed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. In vitro bioactivity was performed for 21 days. The glass-ceramic microsphere-loaded scaffolds showed more than 70% interconnected porosity and an average compressive strength of 1.2 ± 0.43 MPa after immersion in SBF. They also showed the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer from the first day of immersion in SBF, demonstrating their high bioactivity. The microspheres were shown to be homogeneously dispersed on the scaffold surfaces. After 120 hours, the biologic tests showed good fibroblast cell proliferation onto the scaffolds. The encapsulated drug in the microspheres was released by diffusion in a sustained manner (90% and 99% in 200 hours). The results suggest that scaffolds have a promising role in applications of bone tissue engineering.     

Composite bioceramic scaffolds with controllable photothermal performance fabricated by digital light processing and vacuum infiltration

Photothermal scaffolds can help clear bone tumor cells after resection. In this work, hydroxyapatite-akermanite-Fe₃O₄ (HA-AK-FE) bioceramic scaffolds were fabricated by infiltrating digital light processing (DLP)-printed HA-AK scaffolds in nano-Fe₃O₄ solution. The prepared HA-AK-FE samples exhibited excellent and controllable photothermal performance under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared light. By controlling nano-Fe₃O₄ concentration, irradiation power and infiltration time, temperature of HA-AK-FE samples could be regulated in a wide range from room temperature to 150 °C within 15 s. Photothermal temperature remained stable after 4 times repeated irradiations. In SBF solution and under subcutaneous tissue, the heating rate and photothermal temperature decreased obviously compared with in air, but they could still meet the needs of killing tumors (41–48 °C). The Fe release concentration of wafers after immersing in SBF for 1 day was 0.037 mg/L and non-venomous. These results confirm the feasibility and controllability of fabricating photothermal scaffolds by coating nano-Fe₃O₄ with vacuum infiltration, and the prepared HA-AK-FE scaffolds are hopeful to be used in photothermal therapy of bone tumors.