砂砾石层渗透灌浆模拟试验

在砂砾石地层介质中进行灌浆时,地下水的渗流作用对浆液不同方向的扩散半径产生影响,对此进行室内渗透灌浆模拟试验.采用均匀设计的理念,构造了整体试验方案,通过分析各影响因素与浆液扩散半径和灌浆量的线性关系,得出灌浆压力、浆液水灰比、地层渗透系数、渗流流速等因素对浆液扩散半径、灌浆量的影响规律.试验结果表明:影响浆液扩散半径、灌浆量的显著因素是地下水渗流作用,其次是灌浆介质本身的渗透系数和浆液水灰比;渗流速度与浆液下侧扩散半径呈正相关关系,与浆液上侧扩散半径呈负相关关系,对浆液侧向扩散半径影响较小且呈正相关关系.     

贫混凝土基层力学特性

目的研究贫混凝土基层的力学特性和材料特性．方法通过室内配合比试验,测定了强度特性、浸水、干湿循环和冲刷稳定性等．结果贫混凝土强度随水泥用量的增加而增大,振捣贫混凝土强度与水泥用量符合良好的对数关系,碎石贫混凝土强度高于砂砾贫混凝土;多孔贫混凝土的强度与空隙率有关,空隙率越小,强度越大,碎石多孔贫混凝土强度大于砂砾多孔贫混凝土．经过浸水试验、干湿循环试验,贫混凝土基层强度基本保持不变,抗冲刷性能优于其他基层材料．结论贫混凝土基层具有优异的强度特性和良好的稳定性．     

Grout diffusion characteristics during chemical grouting in a deep water-bearing sand layer

The deep, loose bottom aquifer of the eastern air shaft in the Xinglongzhuang Coal Mine was used to develop an experimental model of shaft grouting through Model deep soil. Lab experiments using chemical grouting were done to study the grout. The grouted soil shapes and osmotic pressure were measured during the experiments. The tested characteristics of the grouted soil show that the diffusion mode of grout in saturated sandy soil is a combination of split compaction and osmosis. More specifically, the shape of the grouted soil is determined by split compaction while the size of the grouted soil shape is determined by osmosis. Sensor test results indicate that the main reason for the non-uniform grout diffusion is the anisotropic osmotic pressure field surrounding the grouting holes.     

透水性砼配合比正交试验方法

基于混凝土强度和透水性要求,根据现有实验室条件,运用相似原理和正交实验原理对C15透水性混凝土的配合比进行试验方法研究.采用3因素3水平均值相似正交法提出了研究水灰比、骨灰比、骨料粒径对混凝土空隙率、透水率和抗压强度影响的试验方法,根据透水性混凝土性能要求确定了试配强度、水泥用量、水灰比、粗集料用量.最后提出根据所建立的正交试验表,利用极差分析、方差分析和线性回归分析确定最优配合比和各因素显著性的方法.研究表明,该方法同样适合于分析不同因素、基于不同性质和目的的透水性混凝土配合比的设计.     

透水性混凝土强度-渗透性模型试验研究

高透水性是透水性混凝土的重要特征,现有的透水性混凝土渗透系数测试装置存在试件侧壁渗漏问题,为此提出了一种试件侧面防水涂抹+柔性夹层+套筒刚性壁的防侧漏复合结构,提高了渗透系数测试精度。透水性混凝土的透水性和强度是一对矛盾体,此消彼长,但目前对它们之间关系缺乏系统的研究。通过室内渗透性和强度试验研究了多种因素（如：水灰比、集灰比、孔隙率）对透水性混凝土的强度和透水性的影响,建立了强度孔隙率模型、渗透性孔隙率模型和强度渗透性模型。研究结果表明：透水性混凝土与普通混凝土不同,存在一个最佳水灰比,最佳水灰比对应的强度最大;强度和水灰比成开口向下的二次抛物线关系,而孔隙率和集灰比均与渗透系数成正相关关系;透水性混凝土强度和渗透性关系服从Lorentzian函数,强度随渗透性的增大而逐渐降低,降低速度先快后慢。在工程设计中应根据具体要求,确定最佳的强度和渗透性组合。     

裂隙岩体灌浆特性的研究

裂隙是灌浆的主要对象，应用幂律液体摩阻力定律，推导出灌浆压力，浆液特性，裂隙开度及浆液扩散半径之间的关系式。在此式基础上，分析研究了浆液趋于牛顿浆液时裂隙中的压力分布，以及灌浆各因素之间的相互影响关系     

Strength of copolymer grouting material based on orthogonal experiment

Using the orthogonal experimental design method involving three factors and three levels, the flexural strength and the compressive strength of copolymer grouting material were studied with different compositions of water-cement ratio (mass fraction of water to cement), epoxy resin content, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content. By orthogonal range and variance analysis, the orders of three factors to influence the strength, the significance levels of different factors, and the optimized compound ratio scheme of copolymer grouting material mixture at different curing ages were determined. An empirical relationship among the strength of copolymer grouting material, the water-cement ratio, the epoxy resin content, and the waterborne epoxy curing agent content was established by multivariate regression analysis. The results indicate that water-cement ratio is the most principal and significant influencing factor on the strength. Epoxy resin content and waterborne epoxy curing agent content also have a significant influence on the strength. But epoxy resin content has a greater influence on the 7-day and 28-day flexural strength, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content has a greater influence on the 3-day flexural strength and the compressive strength. The copolymer grouting material with water-cement ratio of 0.4, epoxy resin content of 8% (mass fraction) and waterborne epoxy curing agent content of 2% (mass fraction) is the best one for repairing of cement concrete pavement. The flexural strength and the compressive strength have good correlation, and the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength is between 1.0 and 3.3. Foundation item: Projects(40728003, 40772180, 40802064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (07JJ4012) supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(20080430680) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Project(B308) supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project     

青岛胶州湾海底隧道涌水断层全断面帷幕注浆技术研究

青岛胶州湾海底隧道F4-4断层破碎带,受构造影响严重,围岩破碎,岩体强度低,出水量大,拱顶自稳能力差,在极端地质条件下存在突水的高风险,施工风险极大.基于这种情况,通过现场试验确定了全断面帷幕注浆技术参数,主隧道注浆加固区范围为隧道开挖轮廓线外5?m;上断面周边注浆扩散半径为1.5m,下断面注浆扩散半径为2?m;注浆终孔间距为3.5m;水灰比为1∶1的超细水泥;注浆压力为3～4MPa;施工工艺选用前进式注浆.最后采用全断面帷幕注浆技术方案和措施在青岛胶州湾海底隧道右线主洞穿越F4-4断层的设计和施工中得到了成功的应用.通过检查孔检验,注浆效果良好,达到了开挖要求.全断面帷幕注浆技术对类似工程具有一定的借鉴与指导意义.     

松散地层隧道进洞段管棚注浆加固效应分析

依托江西萍莲高速莲花隧道,建立考虑松散地层隧道进洞段管棚注浆加固效应的隧道开挖三维有限元计算模型,实现不同管棚注浆加固参数对隧道开挖稳定性影响的定量分析,在数值计算过程中研究注浆加固区力学参数(弹性模量、黏聚力)、管棚间距、注浆半径等因素对隧道稳定性的影响,并将研究成果应用于依托工程中,验证数值计算结果的正确性。研究结果表明:在隧道进洞段,隧道拱顶区域与掌子面前下方区域存在塑性区,上述2个区域为隧道进洞开挖过程中最易失稳的区域;管棚注浆加固可有效限制围岩变形,降低围岩体积应变,且管棚注浆加固区可有效隔离拱顶区域的围岩塑性区,有利于保证隧道拱顶安全;在整个管棚注浆加固长度内,管棚最大沉降量出现在隧道开挖掌子面附近;管棚最大沉降量的绝对值与注浆加固区弹性模量及注浆半径负相关,而与管棚间距正相关,但管棚间距对管棚最大沉降量的影响程度相比其他2个因素小。     

化学灌浆在防渗帷幕中的应用

文章讨论了化学灌浆在威海市垃圾处理厂截污坝防渗帷幕中的应用及效果。截污坝是垃圾处理厂的主要部分,其防渗能力直接关系工程的优劣。采用水泥灌浆后所做的压水试验证明,岩土的渗透性能虽然得到改善,但是达不到设计要求。尔后通过中间夹单排化学灌浆补强的布孔形式改进了施工工艺,进行了防渗的再处理。结果表明,结合化学灌浆后大大提高了岩体的防渗能力,效果明显,达到了设计要求。     

松散地层隧道进洞段管棚注浆加固效应分析

依托江西萍莲高速莲花隧道,建立考虑松散地层隧道进洞段管棚注浆加固效应的隧道开挖三维有限元计算模型,实现不同管棚注浆加固参数对隧道开挖稳定性影响的定量分析,在数值计算过程中研究注浆加固区力学参数(弹性模量、黏聚力)、管棚间距、注浆半径等因素对隧道稳定性的影响,并将研究成果应用于依托工程中,验证数值计算结果的正确性。研究结果表明:在隧道进洞段,隧道拱顶区域与掌子面前下方区域存在塑性区,上述2个区域为隧道进洞开挖过程中最易失稳的区域;管棚注浆加固可有效限制围岩变形,降低围岩体积应变,且管棚注浆加固区可有效隔离拱顶区域的围岩塑性区,有利于保证隧道拱顶安全;在整个管棚注浆加固长度内,管棚最大沉降量出现在隧道开挖掌子面附近;管棚最大沉降量的绝对值与注浆加固区弹性模量及注浆半径负相关,而与管棚间距正相关,但管棚间距对管棚最大沉降量的影响程度相比其他2个因素小。     

Estimation of jet grouting parameters in Shahriar dam,Iran

Jet grouting is a method for improving of soil and its physical characteristics.However,in this method,grouting of cement slurry with high pressure and velocity may cause damaging to soil structure,and then excavated grains of soil are removed from the borehole and replaced with cement slurry.The grains,which are remained around the borehole,mixed with slurry(cement)in-situ,can create an improved mass of soil.This mass is named"Soilcrete".Soilcrete mass has special characteristics such as high strength,low deformability and very low permeability.In this paper,principles of jet grouting and effective parameters have been analyzed.Then the test results obtained from Soilcrete column have been investigated.Finally,the paper concludes with presenting amount of principle jet grouting parameters at foundation of Shahriar dam according to the results of jet grouting test.Based on the measurements,the diameter,Soilcrete UCS(uniaxiai compression strength),amount of the water,grout and air pressure and lifting and rotating speed in original site of jet grouting are 1.2～1.5 m,2～3 MPa,370～390 bar,10～15 bar,6～8 bar,7～8 cm/min and 7～8cm/min,respectively.Also it can be seen that while the column diameter falls within the upper half of the range,some values of the compressive strength are close to the lower limit of the range.     

孔隙砂岩地层涌水灾害注浆治理的新设备及方法研究

为解决针对于孔隙砂岩水害注浆治理缺乏有效的针对性注浆设备和方法的问题,研制了一种针对孔隙砂岩水害治理的新型注浆设备,通过连续挤压方式在注浆过程中可以输出稳定低压和可控流量。提出了针对于孔隙砂岩注浆治理的新方法,辅以新型注浆设备可有效提高砂岩介质的可注性,保障注浆加固效果。将新型注浆设备和方法成功应用于孔隙砂岩介质模拟注浆试验,并应用活塞式注浆泵进行了对比试验。根据浆液扩散半径、扩散形状、注浆压力波动等实验结果表明,活塞式注浆泵不适用于孔隙砂岩的注浆治理,进一步验证了孔隙砂岩注浆治理的新方法以及新设备的科学性和可行性,为地下工程孔隙砂岩涌水灾害治理提供了新的思路。     

Coal and gas outburst prevention using new high water content cement slurry for injection into the coal seam

As coal and gas outburst is one of the most serious mine disasters, it is very important to at least control it if not prevent it from occurring. Injecting cement slurry or grouting into the coal seam can strengthen the seam, increase its rigidity coefficient(f), and reduce the volumetric expansion due to gas energy release.This paper reports the results of laboratory experiments on cement-based high water content slurry having different water-cement ratios(W/C) to be used for coal injection. The results show that as the W/C increases, the mobility of the slurry and its setting time increase. The compressive strength and rupture strength, however, are reduced. Furthermore, high W/C grout shows early strength after 7 days, which can be 80% of its 14-day compressive strength. To achieve rapid setting and early strength, the addition of Na_2SiO_3has proven to give the best result, when the concentration of the additive is 3%. The initial and final setting times are 13 and 21 min shorter than samples without Na_2SiO_3, while the compressive strength is more than double. As a retarder, the initial setting time can be extended to 83 min when tartaric acid of 0.4% concentration is added. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum recipe of the new high water content slurry has been determined to be: W/C = 2, tartaric acid = 0.2%, Na_2SiO_3= 3%, and12% bentonite. Reinforcement by injection simulation experiments show that the grouting radius of the new slurry mix is 250 mm when the applied grouting pressure is 60 k Pa, 7-day rupture strength and compressive strength are 5.2 and 6.4 MPa, respectively, and are 37% and 88% higher than ordinary cement grout. It can be concluded that the newly developed slurry mix is more effective than the ordinary mix for reinforcing coal and controlling gas outburst.     

膨润土对双轮铣水泥土搅拌墙体强度和渗透特性的影响

膨润土浆液常作为地下工程双轮铣水泥土搅拌墙（CSM）的铣削液来改善土体搅拌均匀性和维持槽壁稳定。通过室内试验研究膨润土水泥土试样无侧限抗压强度和渗透系数等特性随膨润土掺入量的变化情况,并结合压汞试验分析掺入膨润土对水泥土微观孔隙特征的影响,探讨掺入膨润土后试样孔隙比的变化与水泥土试样无侧限抗压强度和渗透系数的内在关联。结果表明,掺入膨润土可显著降低水泥固化砂土和粉土的渗透系数;掺入膨润土还能提高无侧限抗压强度,砂土试样的无侧限抗压强度增幅较水泥固化粉土试样更大;固化土无侧限抗压强度和孔隙比与水泥掺量的比值近似呈幂函数关系;膨润土能有效填充孔隙,同时与水泥水化产物发生化学反应,改变水泥土孔隙分布;掺入适量的膨润土可改善水泥土试样承强防渗效果,在固化粉土和砂土试样中膨润土的适宜掺入量分别为5%和2.5%~5%。     

Retention of clay-solidified grouting curtain to Cd~(2 ), Pb~(2 ) and Hg~(2 ) in landfill of municipal solid waste

1　INTRODUCTIONIntheseyears ,innocuitytreatmentofmunicipalsolidwaste (MSW )hasincreasedgreatlyand 95 %isattributedtosanitaryandsemi sanitarylandfillswiththelandfillsbeingconstructedinarapidprogressinChina.Itisveryimportantforlandfillsto preventseepageofleachateincludingheavymetalsfromlandfillsintotheenvironment.Manyresearchershavestudiedtheanti seepagetechnology .Forexample ,Philip[1 ] investigatedcontaminationtransportprocessthroughsingle phasecement bentoniteslurrywallbytriaxialcelle…     

Chemical grout diffusion in porous rock based on response of geoelectric field

Porous rock chemical grouting simulation test was conducted using established large scale physical model. Chemical grout diffusing rule in porous media with different permeability was studied by monitoring the spontaneous potential and exciting current response during grouting. The results show that chemical grout spread evenly in all directions and diffusion areas are approximately concentric circles in the cross section of homogeneous transverse isotropic pore medium, the grout spread filling range can be quantitatively decrypted by the diffusion radius. The average diffusion speed and radius increase approximately as the square root with the permeability coefficient in different permeability media under the same conditions. Calculation results using Maag cylindrical diffusion equation show that the calculated value of diffusion radius is in good agreement with the test value under different grouting pressures and permeability conditions.     

孔隙度、渗透率与净覆压的规律研究和应用

研究油层条件下孔隙度、渗透率与其净覆盖压力之间的变化规律,更好地指导油田的开发与调整。利用新引进的８０ 年代末期发展的研究高压孔、渗的新仪器ＣＭＳ－３００ 岩心自动分析仪,对中原油田的天然岩心测试资料进行统计分析与研究。结果表明：油层孔隙度、渗透率与净覆压的关系以一元二次方程最为密切;孔隙度与净覆压间按指数规律拟合时,代表的物理意义更为明确,既能满足精度的要求,又能自动得出岩石的压缩系数。并提出了岩石的压缩系数与岩石的平均水力半径间呈幂律关系;净覆压下油层的渗透率与地面渗透率之比,仅与净覆压的大小有关,与地面渗透率的大小无关等新观点。     

基于颗粒吸附概率模型的渗透注浆滤过机制研究

滤过效应对悬浊液渗透注浆扩散具有重要影响,滤过系数为渗透扩散关键影响参数,现有研究多将该系数假定为常数,具有较大局限性。考虑渗流域内各组分质量守恒,引入线性滤过定律,采用颗粒沉积概率模型描述水泥颗粒在多孔介质内沉积吸附行为,建立了考虑渗滤效应的水泥浆液渗透注浆柱形扩散理论模型。基于一维渗透注浆试验过程信息,提出了柱形扩散理论模型参数反演确定方法。开展了三维渗透注浆柱形扩散模型试验,结合理论模型计算结果,对比分析了孔隙率及浆液压力时空变化规律,探讨了注浆速率及浆液水灰比对滤过机制影响规律,并对理论计算模型准确性进行了验证。结果表明,注浆速率越小,注浆口处孔隙率衰减量越大,同时孔隙率沿浆液扩散方向衰减越剧烈;浆液水灰比越小,孔隙率衰减越快,滤过效应越显著。与试验值对比,所建立模型孔隙率最大计算误差小于12%,注浆压力最大计算误差小于14.2%,所建立模型可较好地描述水泥浆液多孔介质柱形扩散过程。     

开级配水泥稳定碎石基层路用性能的试验研究

为了解决开级配水泥稳定碎石施工方式的问题,研究了不同试件成型方式对其路用性能的影响,并与常规水泥稳定碎石对比.试验结果表明:振压成型试件强度、刚度性能要大于静压成型试件;细集料含量对物理、力学性能有很大影响,实际使用中要综合考虑;与常规级配相比,开级配水泥稳定碎石抗冻性能高出10%左右,渗透系数则高达百倍.渗水试验结果表明有效空隙率与渗透系数之间有良好的幂指数关系,此试验方法具有推广应用价值.