醇类燃料的应用研究

本文介绍了甲醇、乙醇及共含水燃料在压式发动机上的应用，研究结果表明：通过改质方式可在压燃式发动机上使用甲醇、乙醇及其含水燃料，发动机的动力性指标标表明显变化，总燃料消耗率约降低１０％，排气烟降低２０％左右。     

乙醇燃料SI-HCCI-SI燃烧模式发动机的工作区域

为了研究火花点火和均质压燃两种燃烧方式的转换,在一台ZS1105柴油发动机的基础上通过改变压缩比、燃料供给方式和进气系统,采用进气预热成功实现了HCCI和SI两种燃烧方式的转换。试验结果表明:所开发的双燃烧模式发动机运行可靠,可方便地实现火花点火和均质压燃两种燃烧方式的转换,可作为研究这两种燃烧方式转换的平台。确定了乙醇燃料HCCI工作区域的上、下边界判断方法,得到了乙醇燃料SI-HCCI-SI燃烧的工作区域。     

石化与生物混合燃油掺烧乙醇的试验研究

在石化与生物混合燃油中添加一定比例的燃料乙醇,应用在压燃式发动机上,进行外特性和负荷特性试验,研究混合燃油中添加一定比例乙醇对发动机综合性能的影响,为未来混合燃油的优化使用提供参考。     

车用汽油机EGR率、点火定时和空燃比的优化

通过对安装EGR阀的CA6 10 2试验机进行EGR率、点火提前角、空燃比等因素的匹配试验 ,分析其变化规律 ,找出安装EGR阀后发动机点火和供油的最优匹配。在保持经济性指标的同时 ,最大限度地改善排放     

柴油燃烧改进剂及降烟剂的新发展

<正> 一、前言柴油燃烧改进剂的作用,即改善燃料在发动机内的氧化过程使之充分燃烧,减少沉积物,防止碳的生成,达到降烟、节能的效果。往往燃烧改进剂同时也是消烟剂。柴油是压燃式发动机(即柴油机)的主要燃料。压燃式发动机较之点燃式发动机(即汽油机)有很多优点,首先是由于它采用了较高的压缩比,致使热功效率高,耗油量小。其次,不同转速的柴油机可以使用从轻柴油到重油的各种燃料,因之增加了燃料来源,目前柴油机的功率从几十马力到上百马力,转速从150～200转/分的低速柴油机直到1000～3000转     

点燃式缸内直喷甲醇发动机甲醛和未燃甲醇排放特性

基于气相色谱和液相色谱相结合的甲醛和甲醇测量方法,试验研究了点燃式缸内直喷甲醇发动机甲醇喷射正时、点火正时和过量空气系数在均质燃烧模式下对甲醛和未燃甲醇排放的影响。试验结果表明,甲醇喷射正时、点火正时和过量空气系数对该发动机甲醛和未燃甲醇排放有显著影响,并且甲醛和未燃甲醇排放随喷射正时、点火正时和过量空气系数的变化呈相反的变化趋势。推迟喷射甲醇、提前点火及采用稀混合气可以降低甲醛排放。     

基于FIRE的二甲醚-空气预混特性的模拟

为研究内燃机代用燃料的燃烧特性,在一台压燃式发动机上对二甲醚-空气在进气道内的预混特性进行了模拟.在选定初始条件的情况下,运用FIRE软件对GW4D20发动机进气道内气体流动进行了三维数值模拟,对相应的进气道速度流场进行了分析.结果表明:二甲醚在传统压燃式发动机上应用时,需要对其进气道进行结构优化,以改善混合气均匀性,并减少死区数量;其次,对进气歧管位置进行调整和对流体流动引导可以形成滚流,加速混合气的混合;此外,流量增加20%时,速度接近为0的区域减少,因此在进气前端加装增压装置,有利于混合气的预混.     

甲烷/空气预混合气在定容燃烧室内的燃烧试验

为研究进气温度、进气压力、当量燃烧比、射流引燃、压燃(自燃)等对甲烷燃烧的影响,以提高点燃式天然气发动机的性能,在定容燃烧室(CVCC)内进行甲烷/空气预混合气的燃烧试验,通过火焰高速摄影和气体压力测量等手段,获取试验结果并进行分析.试验发现,在燃烧室内安装带通孔的横隔板后,有利于加快火焰传播速度、提高燃烧峰值压力和燃烧的稳定性,在某些试验条件下,下燃烧室会出现混合气压燃(自燃)现象.     

燃料特性对小型压燃式发动机增负荷工况燃烧及HC排放的影响

应用自行开发的瞬态工况控制系统及排气采集装置,研究了具有不同理化特性的燃料对小型压燃式发动机冷态突增负荷工况下燃烧及 HC排放特性的影响;利用气相色谱仪分析了HC的排放成分。研究结果表明:对于普通柴油燃料,在突增负荷工况下,燃油开始增加后,总碳氢HCt 排放浓度急剧增加,最大值达到稳态工况的 100 倍左右。随循环数的增加,滞燃期缩短,HC排放逐渐降低。采用具有相同十六烷值、挥发性好的燃料,可有效改善冷态增负荷工况下的燃烧,降低HC排放。与燃烧柴油相比,采用挥发性好的正庚烷和 GTL燃料,HCt排放降低约80%。     

车用汽油机EGR率,点火定时和空燃比的优化

通过对安装ＥＧＲ阀的ＣＡ６１０２试验机进行ＥＧＲ率,点火提前角,空燃比等因素的匹配试验,分析其变化规律,找出安装ＥＧＲ阀后发动机点火和供油的最优匹配。     

Gasoline-diesel dual fuel intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) combustion: Conceptual model and comparison with other advanced combustion modes

The internal combustion engines can remain the advantage over competitor technologies for automotive driven, especially the engine efficiency, exceeded 50% while maintaining ultra-low emissions. In this paper, a novel combustion mode characterized by dual high-pressure common-rail direct injection systems, denoted as intelligent charge compression ignition(ICCI) combustion, is proposed to realize high efficiency and clean combustion in wide engine operating ranges. Specifically, commercial gasoline and diesel, which are considered to be complementary in physical and chemical properties, are directly injected into the cylinder by the two independent injection systems, respectively. Through this unique design, the in-cylinder air-fuel mixtures can be flexibly adjusted by regulating injection timing and duration of different fuels, consequently obtaining suitable combustion phase and heat release rate. The ICCI mode can widely run from indicated mean effective pressure 2 bar to 16 bar with an utterly controllable cylinder pressure rising rate, around 50% indicated thermal efficiency and low NOxemissions. A series of experiments were carried out to compare the combustion and emissions of ICCI with other combustion modes(including conventional diesel combustion, reactivity-controlled compression ignition, partially premixed combustion, and gasoline compression ignition). The results show that at the medium engine loads, ICCI mode can reach much high indicated thermal efficiency, especially up to 52% along with extremely low NOxemissions. Prospectively, ICCI mode can realize real-time adjustments of in-cylinder mixture stratification and instantaneous combustion mode switch in one cycle at any operating conditions, and has an excellent commercial application prospect for energy conservation and environmental improvement.     

双燃料发动机燃烧过程的模拟

本文建立了用于描述双燃料发动机中气体燃料燃烧过程的气相反应理论体系，结合引燃油的多区燃烧模型和辐射传热计算，实现了对双燃料发动机燃烧过程的模拟．通过对一单缸四冲程直喷柴油机上台架性能的实测比较，预测精度完全符合工程需要．     

Review: Investigation of Partially Pre-mixed Charge Ignitions (PPCI) Engine Mode

This paper embraces the key points of unpolluted internally combusted engine emissions. Core objective is focused on the recent effort to improve compression ignition(CI) and spark ignition(SI) engine to have fuel-efficient and minimized pollutant emissions. There are many advanced internal combustion engines to overcome the challenges of conventional compression ignition engines of the high level of particulate matter(PM) and oxides of nitrogen emission. One of the latest options on which many ...     

甲醇喷射定时对甲醇柴油双燃料压燃式发动机性能的影响

将甲醇作为主燃料,用柴油作为点火燃料,研究了不同甲醇喷射定时对压燃式发动机性能的影响。结果表明:引燃柴油在上止点前21℃A喷射条件下,在上止点前23℃A喷射甲醇时发动机的经济性最佳,缸内的统计最大压力在小负荷时随着甲醇喷射定时提前而降低,在大负荷时随着甲醇喷射定时提前而提高。双燃料发动机的最大压力标准方差随着甲醇喷射定时提前而增大,在上止点前26℃A喷射甲醇时发动机的动力性最佳,气缸内压力波动随甲醇喷射定时提前而变大,当在上止点前29℃A喷射甲醇时点火柴油不能把甲醇燃料可靠点燃。     

YH465Q-1E改为天然气发动机的电控系统的研制

以原YH465Q-1E汽油机为研究对象，改进了其进气系统和点火系统，采用无分电器高能点火，替换了一套发动机电控系统。阐述了该电控系统的组成及工作原理，实现了一种控制各缸点火时刻及点火线圈导通时刻的方法，该电控系统可精确控制点火时刻和喷气量。     

燃烧室结构对XN2100双燃料发动机性能的影响

对一台XN2100柴油一天然气双燃料发动机采用了三种燃烧室结构进行性能对比试验,并采集示功图,进行燃烧放热规律的计算和分析.结果表明,燃烧室形状和压缩比对双燃料发动机的燃烧压力、压力升高率、燃烧放热率的影响较大,燃烧室适当缩口和压缩比适当增大对双燃料发动机的燃烧过程有利,能够提高天然气的替代率,改善双燃料发动机的性能.     

气口喷射DMM/柴油混合燃料实现HCCI燃烧

为了促进缸内均匀混合气的形成,将不同比例的DMM/柴油混合燃料通过气口喷射,在单缸发动机上实现了具有超低排放特征的HCCI燃烧方式,考察了混合燃料中DMM的比例、冷却EGR率对HCCI燃烧的转速和负荷范围的影响,以及负荷、冷却EGR率和进气温度对HCCI燃烧的影响.研究表明,由于DMM/柴油混合燃料显著改善了燃料的雾化特性,因此混合燃料能够在较宽的转速和负荷范围内实现HCCI燃烧.此外,由于混合燃料含有很高比例的氧份,因此容许采用较大比例的废气再循环,并且因为冷却的废气再循环推迟了HCCI的着火时刻.通过燃料改性结合外部废气再循环在较大范围内实现了HCCI燃烧.     

Numerical investigations on HCCI engine with increased induction induced swirl and engine speed

Homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) mode of combustion is popularly known for achieving simultaneous reduction of NOx as well as soot emissions as it combines the compression ignition(CI) and spark ignition(SI) engine features. In this work, a CI engine was simulated to work in HCCI mode and was analyzed to study the effect of induction induced swirl under varying speeds using three-zone extended coherent flame combustion model(ECFM-3Z, compression ignition) of STAR-CD. The analysis was done considering speed ranging from 800 to 1600 r/min and swirl ratios from 1 to 4. The present study reveals that ECFM-3Z model has well predicted the performance and emissions of CI engine in HCCI mode. The simulation predicts reduced in-cylinder pressures, temperatures, wall heat transfer losses, and piston work with increase in swirl ratio irrespective of engine speed. Also, simultaneous reduction in CO2 and NOx emissions is realized with higher engine speeds and swirl ratios. Low speeds and swirl ratios are favorable for low CO2 emissions. It is observed that increase in engine speed causes a marginal reduction in in-cylinder pressures and temperatures. Also, higher turbulent energy and velocity magnitude levels are obtained with increase in swirl ratio, indicating efficient combustion necessitating no modifications in combustion chamber design. The investigations reveal a total decrease of 38.68% in CO2 emissions and 12.93% in NOx emissions when the engine speed increases from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 4. Also an increase of 14.16% in net work done is obtained with engine speed increasing from 800 to 1600 r/min at swirl ratio of 1. The simulation indicates that there is a tradeoff observed between the emissions and piston work. It is finally concluded that the HCCI combustion can be regarded as low temperature combustion as there is significant decrease in in-cylinder temperatures and pressures at higher speeds and higher swirl ratios.     

Numerical study on the compression ignition of a porous medium engine

Homogeneous and stable combustion can be realized in a porous medium (PM) engine where a chemically inert PM is mounted in the combustion chamber. To understand the mechanism of the PM engine, we simulated the working process of a PM engine fueled with natural gas (CH₄) using an improved version of KIVA-3V and investigated the effects of the initial PM temperature, the PM structure as well as the fuel injection timing on the compression ignition of the engine. The improved version of KIVA-3V was verified by simulating the experiment of Zhdanok et al. for the superadiabatic combustion of CH₄-air mixtures under filtration in a packed bed. The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data for the speed of combustion wave. Computational results for the PM engine show that the initial PM temperature is the key factor in guaranteeing the onset of compression ignition of the PM engine at a given compression ratio. The PM structure affects greatly both convective heat transfer between the gas and solid phase in the PM and the dispersion effect of the PM. Pore diameter of the PM is a crucial factor in determining the realization of combustion in the PM engine. Over-late fuel injection timing (near TDC) cannot assure a compression ignition of the PM engine. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50476073)