基于地面三维激光扫描的变形监测点分析

地面三维激光扫描测量可以快速、全面地获取被监测对象的海量三维点云数据,其应用领域已经扩展到变形监测领域.通过分析三维激光扫描标靶点的变形及其精度评价,采用三次样条函数对三维点云数据进行插值来寻找变形同名点,进行变形数据的处理和分析.实验结果表明,此数据处理方法在一定精度上能满足变形监测的要求.     

建筑物三维激光扫描点云的粗差剔除研究

通过三维激光扫描测量技术快速获取建筑物3D空间数据,是当前数字城市建设的研究内容。针对建筑物平面特征较多的特点,在总结三维激光扫描点云粗差剔除算法的基础上,探索稳健平面拟合算法,对点云数据中有用信息的提取提出一种粗差剔除方案。通过对一组建筑物的三维激光扫描点云原始数据进行粗差剔除测验,证实了方案的可行性和可靠性。对三维激光扫描在数字城市建设中的应用进行了一定的探索。     

三维激光扫描技术在构筑物模型重建中的应用

现代测量三维激光扫描技术是信息时代的产物,具有自动化程度高、可无接触测量等优势。依据三维激光扫描仪点云数据采集的基本流程,以构筑物石狮像为例,通过数据采集、点云配准、剔除噪声点、点云数据重采样、空间建模等技术,得出构筑物的三维图片。     

三维激光扫描技术在构筑物模型重建中的应用

现代测量三维激光扫描技术是信息时代的产物,具有自动化程度高、可无接触测量等优势。依据三维激光扫描仪点云数据采集的基本流程,以构筑物石狮像为例,通过数据采集、点云配准、剔除噪声点、点云数据重采样、空间建模等技术,得出构筑物的三维图片。     

三维激光扫描技术在水利工程建设中的应用

三维激光扫描技术突破了传统的单点测量方法,具有高效率、高精度的独特优势。应用于水利建设,该技术能够提供扫描物体表面的三维点云数据,因此用于获取高精度高分辨率的数字地形模型,并将其与近景摄影测量作了简要的对比。     

高精度点云模型畸变补偿方法

点云模型的准确获取与畸变补偿是三维激光扫描技术检测零部件的关键. 提出一种通过畸变补偿获得高精度三维点云模型方法. 利用线激光重构零部件三维点云模型,对模型中存在的夹角误差进行畸变补偿,实现高精度的点云数据获取. 搭建试验平台,选取仪表部件、双层孔件及栅极组件等不同材质及结构的试验对象,通过对比分析发现,畸变补偿后的均方根差分别减少0.009、0.036、0.024 mm. 结果表明点云模型畸变补偿方法有效,同时具有很好的通用性.     

三维激光扫描在工程测量中的应用研究

介绍了三维激光扫描概念,并以Leica HDS3000型三维激光扫描仪为例,探讨了三维激光扫描技术在现代工程测量应用中的技术特性.结合苏州工业园区天幕项目,研究了现场扫描作业、点云拼接和数据处理的全过程.     

三维激光扫描技术在隧道横纵断面测量中的应用研究

为解决传统测量手段在隧道测量中遇到的空间小,变化大,断面获取不灵活等问题,现采用三维激光扫描测量技术实现隧道横纵断面图的绘制.数据成果主要包括隧道横纵断面图及隧道走向图.研究结果表明,该方法由于其完整的隧道点云模型,可以准确地绘制横纵断面图,并且根据实际需要,可以灵活绘制横断面图.     

基于激光点云的航测实验室三维重建

三维激光扫描技术以其数据的高精度与采集的高效率为空间信息的获取提供1种全新的技术手段。以黑龙江工程学院的摄影测量与遥感模拟仿真实验室为研究对象,其由建筑和办公设施、地面沙盘和高架航空模拟轨道等专业设施组成,使用Z+F IMAGER?5010X三维激光扫描仪,获取分辨率为0.1 mm的点云数据,采用LiDAR360软件进行一系列点云数据处理操作,获得满足更高质量三维建模要求的点云数据。通过3ds Max三维建模软件构建实验室的三维实景模型,其具有漫游、人机交互和可量测性的特殊性,可服务于教学、实习以及实验室的维护,开创1种实验教学的新模式。     

利用背负式移动激光扫描系统测绘地下空间地形图

针对传统测量地下空间作业方法效率低等问题,选择苏州工业园区测绘地理信息有限公司地下停车场为试验对象,利用背负式移动激光扫描系统获取原始扫描数据,应用Indoor NavPrep,Infinity以及Aotumatic Processing软件对原始扫描数据进行预处理,使用Cyclone软件对点云模型制作横切切片图,在CAD软件环境下绘制1∶500地形图,并进行点云精度质量分析和作业效率对比.研究结果表明,利用背负式移动激光扫描系统满足1∶500地形图测量精度要求,外业作业效率远高于地面三维激光扫描仪与全站仪.     

Kriging点云滤波改进算法及监测试验研究

为进一步提高三维激光扫描技术的量测精度,从优化滤波算法的角度出发,基于Kriging改进算法,考虑描述对象的空间相关性质,针对点云数据的滤波处理问题,研究点云格网化滤波的优化方法。以实际工程为依托,通过现场监测比对试验,对三维激光点云数据进行格网化处理和分析,将试验得出的变形数据与传统方法的量测数据进行对比。结果表明：基于Kriging滤波的改进算法不仅能够高效识别和提取隧道轮廓断面可视化数据,而且可以高效、准确地获得隧道变形;试验的拱顶下沉数据与传统量测数据较接近,而周边收敛数据则有一定的差异。三维激光扫描技术下的隧道变形监测在一定的环境条件下能较好地反映隧道变形的真实情况,为隧道工程的施工提供有效的安全预警。     

大型古建筑文物三维数字化保护研究——以白马寺齐云塔为例

针对大型古建筑文物结构复杂,数字化保护工作繁琐而沉重的问题,提出融合多种精密测量技术的三维数字化方法．用GPS测设精密控制网来确定古建筑文物的空间坐标和方位;用三维激光扫描仪获取密集点云来构建精细三维数据模型;用高精度免棱镜全站仪精确观测特征点,与三维激光扫描测量进行精度的相互检核．以该方法在白马寺齐云塔数字化保护应用为例,详细阐述了外业数据采集的方法和技术,并在点云拼接、三维建模、数据分析等方面讨论了内业数据处理的方法与技术．     

非接触三维扫描测量数据的处理研究

讨论了非接触三维扫描测量数据处理中的噪声点剔除、失真点的查找、数据精简和平滑处理以及点云数据的拼合对齐等诸多问题,并通过一个简单的实例介绍了非接触三维扫描测量数据的处理技巧.     

Application of laser scanning for rock mass characterization and discrete fracture network generation in an underground limestone mine

Terrestrial laser scanning(TLS) is a useful technology for rock mass characterization. A laser scanner produces a massive point cloud of a scanned area, such as an exposed rock surface in an underground tunnel,with millimeter precision. The density of the point cloud depends on several parameters from both the TLS operational conditions and the specifications of the project, such as the resolution and the quality of the laser scan, the section of the tunnel, the distance between scanning stations, and the purpose of the scans. One purpose of the scan can be to characterize the rock mass and statistically analyze the discontinuities that compose it for further discontinuous modeling. In these instances, additional data processing and a detailed analysis should be performed on the point cloud to extract the parameters to define a discrete fracture network(DFN) for each discontinuity set. I-site studio is a point cloud processing software that allows users to edit and process laser scans. This software contains a set of geotechnical analysis tools that assist engineers during the structural mapping process, allowing for greater and more representative data regarding the structural information of the rock mass, which may be used for generating DFNs. This paper presents the procedures used during a laser scan for characterizing discontinuities in an underground limestone mine and the results of the scan as applied to the generation of DFNs for further discontinuous modeling.     

Monitoring slope deformation using a 3-D laser image scanning system: a case study

An ILRIS-36D 3-D laser image scanning system was used to monitor the Anjialing strip mine slope on Pingshuo in Shanxi province. The basic working principles, performance indexes, features and data collection and processing methods are illus-trated. The point cloud results are analyzed in detail. The rescale range analysis method was used to analyze the deformation char-acteristics of the slope. The results show that the trend of slope displacement is stable and that the degree of landslide danger is low. This work indicates that 3-D laser image scanning can supply multi-parameter, high precision real time data over long distances. These data can be used to study the distortion of the slope quickly and accurately.     

Monitoring slope deformation using a 3-D laser image scanning system:a case study

An ILRIS-36D 3-D laser image scanning system was used to monitor the Anjialing strip mine slope on Pingshuo in Shanxi province.The basic working principles,performance indexes,features and data collection and processing methods are illustrated.The point cloud results are analyzed in detail.The rescale range analysis method was used to analyze the deformation characteristics of the slope.The results show that the trend of slope displacement is stable and that the degree of landslide danger is low.This work indicates that 3-D laser image scanning can supply multi-parameter,high precision real time data over long distances.These data can be used to study the distortion of the slope quickly and accurately.     

基于点云数据三维重建方法的研究

由于三维激光扫描仪采集的点云数据是离散的,这些离散的点云数据由于分辨率有限,缺少灵活性,导致无法满足对实际场景重建出具有几何精确性的模型。为解决上述问题,用Delaunay三角化方法构造网格逼近物体的i维表面模型,把离散的点云数据连续化生成表面模型来模拟场景,实验证明该方法有效。     

Large-scale deformation monitoring in mining area by D-InSAR and 3D laser scanning technology integration

Large-scale deformation can not be detected by traditional D-InSAR technique because of the limit of its detectable deformation gradient, we propose a method that combines SAR data with point cloud data obtained by 3D laser scanning to improve the gradient of deformation detection. The proposed method takes advantage of high-density of 3D laser scanning point cloud data and its high precision of point positioning after 3D modeling. The specific process can be described as follows: first, large-scale deformation points in the interferogram are masked out based on interferometric coherence; second, the interferogram with holes is unwrapped to obtain a deformation map with holes, and last, the holes in the deformation map are filled with point cloud data using inverse distance weighting algorithm, which will achieve seamless connection of monitoring region. We took the embankment dam above working face of a certain mining area in Shandong province as an example to study large-scale deformation in mining area using the proposed method. The results show that the maximum absolute error is 64 mm, relative error of maximum subsidence value is 4.95%, and they are consistent with leveling data of ground observation stations, which confirms the feasibility of this method. The method we presented provides new ways and means for achieving large-scale deformation monitoring by D-InSAR in mining area.     

车载LiDAR数据道路建模研究

构建道路模型是建设三维数字城市最重要的工作之一.根据道路点云在车载激光点云中的表现特征,提出了一种新的道路建模方法：首先插入辅助截面,将散乱的道路点云投影至临近辅助截面;然后对投影的点进行重采样,使散乱的点云成为有序的数据处理单位;最后构建三角网,获得道路模型.