基于细观建模的堆石混凝土抗压试验的数值模拟

从细观结构的角度出发,将堆石混凝土视为堆石体与自密实混凝土组合形成的复合材料,利用MATLAB与ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了三维有限元模型,然后在此基础上进行了堆石混凝土模型抗压试验的数值模拟.探讨分析了应变率和堆石与混凝土粘结强度对堆石混凝土的抗压强度的影响.结果表明:堆石混凝土的抗压强度随着应变率的增大而增大,且随着粘结强度的增大而增大,但是堆石混凝土对应变率的敏感性较高,对粘结强度的敏感性较低.     

扭转冷作硬化对低碳钢高低应变率力学性能的影响

钢材可通过多种冷作硬化方式提高其后屈服强度.低碳钢在拉伸时,由于发生颈缩现象使低碳钢内部无法积累大量的塑性变形能,不能使低碳钢充分硬化.为研究钢材硬化最佳值,对低碳钢试样在低应变率(10-2s-1)下进行不同程度的扭转变形后,进行了低应变率(10-2s-1)的拉伸和压缩测试以及高应变率(103s-1)的压缩测试.实验结果表明钢材在低应变率下进行不同程度的扭转冷作硬化可分别提高拉伸极限、压缩后屈服强度以及冲击载荷作用下的后屈服强度.在综合考虑硬化增强效果的基础上,推荐Q235钢材进行扭转冷作硬化时,材料内部累积的变形能密度应低于6400kJ/m3.     

温度与应变率对Cu70 Zn30孪晶变形的影响

为了研究孪晶变形过程中孪晶间距与孪晶片层厚度随温度与应变率变化情况,建立一个关于Cu70 Zn30的流动应力本构方程,其中流动应力分为短程应力与长程应力,短程应力用Johnson Cook模型描述,长程应力采用幂次强化法则,运用Matlab软件模拟了Cu70 Zn30在不同温度与不同应变率的条件下的孪晶变形,得出了孪晶变形过程中孪晶间距与孪晶片层厚度在不同条件下的演化曲线,通过对比实验结果,证实了低温与高应变率均能促进孪晶变形,其效果随着温度的降低与应变率的升高而增强;相对于应变率的影响,温度的降低更能促使孪晶的生长,孪晶间距的大小与孪晶片层的厚度随着温度的降低与应变率的升高而减小.     

双轴受压状态下混凝土动态抗压特性试验研究

由于多轴试验装置的高技术性,混凝土在复杂应力状态下的动力研究相对偏少。为研究双轴受压状态下混凝土的动态抗压特性,采用真三轴静动综合加载试验系统,进行了5种双轴受压状态下混凝土立方体试件的冲击压缩试验,分别从应力-应变曲线特征、强度特性和变形特性等方面分析双轴受压状态对混凝土动力响应的影响规律。结果表明：双轴受压状态下,混凝土承受冲击荷载时呈现典型的脆性破坏,应力-应变曲线初期无明显压实挤密阶段;主轴压比一定时,随单侧压比的增大,混凝土的动态抗压强度呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,峰值应变和平均应变率皆呈现出先减小后增大的趋势;双轴受压对混凝土有加固约束作用,因而提高了其动态抗压强度和抗变形能力,主轴压比：单侧压比为0.4：0.4时作用效果最佳。     

高应变率压缩载荷下钨合金变形与失效研究

本文借助于扫描电镜和光学显微镜，研究了９３Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ合金圆柱试样在高应变率压缩载荷下的变形与失效特征，研究表明，圆柱试样的变形过程经历了３个阶段；（１）均匀变形阶段；（２）对称不均匀变形阶段；（３）非对称不均匀变形阶段，其中不均匀变形是区域性的，绝热剪切带协调上述不均匀变形区域的界面，失效时在拉应力最大的区域首先形成裂纹，这些裂纹扩展到一定深度后通过剪切带聚合。     

大变形时温度和应变率对沥青混凝土动态力学性能的影响

利用大直径分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)研究了沥青混凝土在不同温度下高应变率的动态力学性能.结果表明,应变率越高、温度越低时沥青混凝土动力强度越高.高应变率的应力应变曲线存在明显强度退化.沥青混凝土力学性能具有时温等效性,提高实验温度和减小应变率效果相当.     

加载速率对缺口前应力、应变分布的影响

用动态有限元法，计算了一种低合金钢在不同加载速率下四点弯曲缺口试样缺口根部应力、应变和应变率的分布．结果表明：缺口前各点的应变率和试样整体屈服载荷Pgy随加载速率的增加而增加；在相同的P／Pgy下，缺口前各点的正应力随加载速率的增加而增加，而应变基本不变．加载速率对缺口前应力、应变分布的影响是由于其引起了缺口前应变率的变化，从而使材料力学性能发生变化所引起的．     

地质聚合物混凝土的变形特性研究

采用Φ100mm分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,以峰值应变和极限应变为指标,研究了地质聚合物混凝土(GC)和普通硅酸盐混凝土(PC)在冲击荷载作用下的变形特性。结果表明:冲击荷载下,GC具有较强的变形性能;GC和PC的峰值应变和极限应变具有明显的应变率相关性,随应变率的增加而增加;和PC相比,GC在开始破坏前产生的变形较大,完全破坏时产生的变形较小。     

混凝土准一维应变压缩特性实验研究

针对混凝土大变形压缩条件下的力学特性,设计了混凝土被动围压准一维应变压缩实验装置,研究了混凝土中骨料尺寸、添加剂以及抗压强度等对混凝土大变形特性的影响.从宏观的角度定性讨论了骨料粒径、强度等对混凝土大变形影响的原因.通过对实验数据回归分析,给出了大变形条件下C30混凝土的应力应变关系式.     

再生粗骨料取代率对再生保温混凝土360 d龄期内强度的影响

本试验基于0％、50％、100％ 三种再生粗骨料取代率,研究了取代率对再生保温混凝土360 d龄期内强度的影响,并在现有欧洲EC2模型的基础上进行修正,提出可准确预测再生保温混凝土360 d龄期内抗压强度的模型.研究表明:360 d龄期时RA T IC-100的抗压强度是RA T IC-50的98％,是RA T IC-...     

Moisture effect on compressive behavior of concrete under dynamic loading

The effect of moisture content upon compressive mechanical behavior of concrete under impact loading was studied. The axial rapid compressive loading tests of over 50 specimens with five different saturations were executed. The technique ＂split Hopkinson pressure bar＂（SHPB） was used. The impact velocity was 10 m/s with corresponding strain rate of 50 s-1. The compressive behavior of materials was measured in terms of stress-strain curves, dynamic compressive strength, dynamic increase factor（DIF） and critical strain at a maximum stress. The data obtained from test indicate that both ascending and descending portions of stress-stain curves are affected by moisture content. However, the effect is noted to be more significant in ascending portion of the stress-strain curves. Dynamic compressive strength is higher at lower moisture content and weaker at higher moisture content.Furthermore, under nearly saturated condition, an increase in compressive strength can be found. The effect of moisture content on the average DIF of concrete is not significant. The critical compressive strain of concrete does not change with moisture content.     

Mechanical model for yield strength of nanocrystalline materials under high strain rate loading

To understand the high strain rate deformation mechanism and determine the grain size,strain rate and porosity dependent yield strength of nanocrystalline materials,a new mechanical model based on the deformation mechanism of nanocrystalline materials under high strain rate loading was developed.As a first step of the research,the yield behavior of the nanocrystalline materials under high strain rate loading was mainly concerned in the model and uniform deformation was assumed for simplification.Nanocrystalline materials were treated as composites consisting of grain interior phase and grain boundary phase,and grain interior and grain boundary deformation mechanisms under high strain rate loading were analyzed,then Voigt model was applied to coupling grain boundary constitutive relation with mechanical model for grain interior phase to describe the overall yield mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline materials.The predictions by the developed model on the yield strength of nanocrysatlline materials at high strain rates show good agreements with various experimental data.Further discussion was presented for calculation results and relative experimental observations.     

温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响

在应变量为0.6（ε=0.6）、不同温度（523~723 K）和应变速率（0.001~10 s-1）条件下,利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机,对铸态ZK60镁合金进行热压缩变形行为的研究,分析变形温度和应变速率对ZK60镁合金压缩变形行为的影响规律,即在相同应变速率条件下,随着变形温度的升高,合金的峰值应力降低。在相同温度条件下,随着应变速率的增大,合金的流变应力增大。计算其应变速率敏感指数m值为0.14和表观激活能Q值为226~254 kJ/mol。研究表明,在温度为573~673 K、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1时,合金发生动态再结晶。     

High strain rate compressive strength behavior of cemented paste backfill using split Hopkinson pressure bar

The stability of cemented paste backfill(CPB) is threatened by dynamic disturbance, but the conventional low strain rate laboratory pressure test has difficulty achieving this research purpose. Therefore, a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) was utilized to investigate the high strain rate compressive behavior of CPB with dynamic loads of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 MPa. And the failure modes were determined by macro and micro analysis. CPB with different cement-to-tailings ratios, solid mass concentrations, and curing ages was prepared to conduct the SHPB test. The results showed that increasing the cement content, tailings content, and curing age can improve the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus. Under an impact load, a higher strain rate can lead to larger increasing times of the dynamic compressive strength when compared with static loading. And the dynamic compressive strength of CPB has an exponential correlation with the strain rate. The macroscopic failure modes indicated that CPB is more seriously damaged under dynamic loading. The local damage was enhanced, and fine cracks were formed in the interior of the CPB. This is because the CPB cannot dissipate the energy of the high strain rate stress wave in a short loading period.     

混凝土类材料SHPB实验若干问题探讨

混凝土材料的宏观承载力包括材料的真实动态强度与惯性效应两部分,本文为了建立描述混凝土宏观承载力的物理模型,分析了材料真实动态强度与惯性效应的物理机制,建立了一个质量-阻尼元器件模型,进行了混凝土材料的SHPB数值实验.研究结果表明混凝土宏观承载力中的真实动态强度取决于材料特性及应变率的大小;惯性效应与应变率的梯度成正比例关系,而与应变率无关;提出的质量-阻尼元器件模型可以定性地表征混凝土材料的真实动态强度和惯性效应.

     

不同配筋率钢筋混凝土柱应变率效应

混凝土是一种率敏感性材料,正确把握应变率效应对钢筋混凝土构件在强震等动力荷载下力学性能的影响,对结构抗震和抗风设计至关重要。采用CEB规范建议的考虑混凝土应变率效应的动力本构关系,运用纤维模型对钢筋混凝土柱在不同加载速率下的动力性能进行了数值模拟。对4个钢筋混凝土柱构件的快速加载试验的试验结果与模拟结果进行比较,结果表明所建立的纤维单元模型能够较好预测混凝土柱恢复力特性,验证了基于动力本构的纤维单元模型的有效性。基于此模型,研究了不同纵向配筋率和体积配箍率对钢筋混凝土柱动力性能的影响,结果表明纵向配筋率和体积配箍率对动力性能的影响呈现出不同的特征。     

Theoretical and metrical standardization of strain rate sensitivity index

Strain rate sensitivity index m is one of the vital mechanical parameters for determining material superplasticity. In this paper, the existing formulae for measuring m value are reviewed, and it is found that the m values can be classified into three classes mi under constant length, mv under constant velocity, and mp under constant load. The constraint equation of the generalized m value is established according to the tensile constitutive equation and the basis theory for plastic mechanics. Based on three typical deformation paths, the m value is redefined. Furthermore, from the formula of generalized m value, the formulae for measuring mi, mv and mp are theoretically deduced. The precise methods with numerical simulation are presented. The results prove that the m value is a non-constant and its dependence on (ε) changes with the deformation path. Under different deformation paths, the m values calculated from the same formula are different. Using different formulae, the m values under the same deformation path are also different. Therefore, deformation path and corresponding formula should be given during the measurement of the m value. Moreover, it is explained theoretically and experimentally that why the mv value under constant velocity is sometimes negative but the mp value under constant load is sometimes lager than 1. The aim of the analysis and measurement of the m value is to facilitate the study on the relationship between macroscopical mechanical laws and microscopic physical mechanisms during superplastic deformation.     

养护条件对再生混凝土抗压与收缩性能的影响研究

为研究不同养护条件下全再生粗骨料再生混凝土的抗压性能和收缩性能,试验采用了薄膜覆盖养护、干湿循环养护和浸水养护3种养护条件,在这3种养护条件下进行了1、3、7、14、28、45、60、90和120d的再生混凝土抗压强度与收缩性能研究。结果表明:在3种不同的养护条件下,随着养护龄期的增长,再生混凝土的抗压强度和收缩应变不断增加。7 d时再生混凝土抗压强度在3种养护条件下区别不明显,14 d时薄膜覆盖养护和浸水养护与干湿循环养护的抗压强度相比分别降低了8.7%和14.2%;3种养护条件下再生混凝土90 d时的收缩应变均趋于稳定,120 d时薄膜覆盖养护较干湿循环养护的收缩应变增加了11.18%,浸水养护呈现湿胀现象。