宁夏汝箕沟煤田火区动态监测方法研究

针对宁夏汝箕沟煤田火区复杂的地形条件，采用遥感、物探、化探、钻探四种技术对煤田火区进行动态监测分析，目的是得出适合汝箕沟煤田特殊条件的煤火监测方法、试验表明：综合应用这四种监测技术，能够达到相互印证，消除各种方法在煤火监测中资料处理时的多解性和局限性，能够准确地反映出煤田火灾的实际情况，符合国家颁布的《煤田火灾灭火规范》，并在技术上有所突破、该成果引起了中外煤田灭火专家的广泛关注，在中国北方煤田火灾监测中广泛推广，为国家节约了大量的煤田火区勘探和监测费用．     

地下煤火热交换系统相似准则研究

为了开展煤田火区多场耦合条件下的温度场相似试验,采用量纲分析法对构建的地下煤火热交换系统数学模型进行了相似转换,基于提出的测试火区多个热平衡态温度场来认识火区温度变化规律的研究方法,分析了地下煤火热交换系统的相似准则.结果表明:当地下煤火模型试验系统满足应力相似、材料储热相似和火源强度相似在内的10个准则数时,可实现热平衡条件下模型和原型的含内热源热-流-固多场耦合相似,并据此确定了模型与原型参数的相似关系,形成了地下煤火相似试验方案,为分析火区覆岩裂隙发育条件下地下高温区与地表热异常区的映射关系提供了实验手段.     

焦作煤田煤层气资源特征及开发利用研究

煤层气是国家高度重视和亟待勘查开发的重要能源矿种，也是我国紧缺与需要的战略能源．通过对焦作煤田煤层气地质条件、资源特征及开发利用方法现状的研究，认为焦作煤田具备煤层气开采条件及煤层气赋存地质条件；焦作煤田有大面积的石炭二叠系含煤地层分布，并且含煤层数多，煤层较为稳定，储量大；因此，焦作煤田拥有丰富的煤层气资源，含气饱和度和煤层渗透率较高，资源密度高，有利于煤层气开发利用．焦作煤田煤层气的开发对改善焦作市能源供给结构，提高资源利用率、保护生态环境具有重要意义．     

基于传感器系统检测火灾受困者位置的研究

目的当发生火灾时，确定受困人员所在的具体位置，搜救受困人员．方法把传统红外传感器（复合式传感器）进行改进，安装在建筑物的每个房间和通道内．当发生火灾时，改进后的红外传感器开始工作，对非近人体红外辐射进行过滤．检测出人体发出的红外辐射．结果把房间内有无受困人员的信息及时准确地传送出来，形成传感器系统，指挥消防营救工作．结论采用复合式传感器技术（如热释电红外——微波双传感器）可以准确、及时和高效率地发现受困人员所在的房间位置，大大减少误报率．     

煤田开发项目投资方案评价优选模型及应用

在对层次分析法进行改进研究的基础上，利用效用系数矩阵，建立了煤田开发项目投资方案评价优选模型。对该优选模型的应用进行了较全面深入地探讨。     

南票煤田热变煤中粘土矿物变化特征的研究

本文采用Ｘ射线分析方法，研究了南票煤田热变煤中粘土矿物的变化特征，由此得出该处岩石浆侵入时对煤层的影响范围和天然焦的形成温度。     

新疆准南煤田砂沟矿区地质信息可视化研究

大型煤田的建设管理涉及大量不同种类、不同层次、不同方面的繁多信息。同时这些信息又具有空间性、动态性、多源性的特点。传统的管理信息系统很难有效地进行上述数据的更新、管理和检索,且难以反映各种对象及相关信息之间的空间关系,目前大多数GIS系统只能处理二维数据。针对目前煤田信息系统中存在的问题,本文开展了煤田信息管理系统的研究,利用GIS技术将地理信息与煤田数据结合,以ArcGIS为系统开发平台,以Arc Engine和Visual Basic6.0为开发工具,Access为后台数据库,开发实现了适应大型煤田建设管理具有真三维特点的煤田信息管理系统。     

煤田采区火成岩分布地震反演技术的应用研究

将基于模型的地震反演技术应用于国桩采区地震资料岩性解释过程中．首先对基于模型的地震反演原理进行了阐述，并针对煤田测井数据特点进行了数据处理与分析，然后对地震子渡进行了分析提取，实现了精细的火威岩的层位标定．通过对国桩采区的火成岩及煤系地层进行的综合地质分析，利用地震反演技术实现了火成岩与煤系地层的薄层分布信息预测．结果表明，该方法有效的提高地了地震数据的分辨率，能解释常规剖面上不易识别出的一些地质现象，为采区火成岩的分布，薄煤层的开采、有利区带的评价提供详实的信息。     

煤田积水采空区井地电位法三维有限差分正演模拟

煤田积水采空区是威胁矿井安全的主要因素之一。针对井地电位法特定的边值问题,推导出了相应的有限差分格式,结合煤田积水采空区的电性特征及分布特点,设计了多个地电模型,分别利用有限差分法对其进行了正演模拟。正演结果表明,井地电位法对单个积水采空区及横向上分布的多个积水采空区识别能力较好,而对垂向分布的多个积水采空区识别能力较弱。研究结果对于煤田积水采空区的探测研究具有一定的参考价值。     

常见可燃物燃烧特性实验与数值模拟研究

基于室内常见可燃物的实际火灾危险性研究的重要性，利用锥形量热计对室内常见木材、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）材料在50kW／m^2辐射能量条件下的点燃性能、热释放性能、烟气毒性及烟气的减光性进行了实验研究．使用火灾区域模拟软件CFAST对单个房间内这几种可燃物的实际火灾危险性进行了对比分析，结果表明：PVC和PMMA的点燃时间低于木材，而其平均热释放速率、最大热释放速率、总释放热量、平均有效燃烧热、平均质量损失速率、平均比消光面积等指标均高于木材；PVC具有较高的减光性和CO生成率．PVC和PMMA的综合火灾危险性高于木材，而PMMA的综合危险性远高于其他几种可燃物。     

A mathematical model of the temperature in a coalfield fire area

The regular pattern of temperature change in a coalfield fire area while the fire is being extinguished was studied. To determine the extinguishing effect, a series of linear, logarithmic, polynomial or exponential mathematical regression models were constructed using the observed temperature data from the Xinjiang coalfield fire extinguishing project. The quadratic polynomial mathematical model had the best fit. A large coal fire oven was also used to simulate the coal fire extinguishing process. The same mathematical regression experiments were carried out on that observed data. The results verified that the quadratic polynomial ma-thematical model had the best fit. Therefore, a quadratic polynomial mathematical model is proposed to accurately model the tem-perature-time relationship in a coalfield fire area. An application to coalfield fire suppression shows that the deduced mathematical model can be used to predict the temperature conditions and to determine the effect of fire extinguishing, thereby helping to speed up the fire suppression process in the coalfield fire area.     

Numerical simulation for recognition of coalfield fire areas by Rayleigh waves

Effective recognition of a coalfield fire area improves fire-fighting efficiency and helps avoid potential geological hazards. Coalfield fire areas are hard to detect accurately using general geophysical methods. This paper describes simulations of shallow, buried coalfield fires based on real geological conditions. Recognizing the coalfield fire by Rayleigh wave is proposed. Four representative geological models are constructed, namely; the non-burning model, the pseudo-burning model, the real-burning model, and the hidden-burning model. Numerical simulation using these models shows many markedly different characteristics between them in terms of Rayleigh wave dispersion and Eigen displacement. These characteristics, as well as the shear wave velocity obtained by inverting the fundamental dispersion, make it possible to distinguish the type of the coalfield fire area and indentify the real and serious coalfield fire area. The results are very helpful for future application of Rayleigh waves for the detection of coalfield fire area.     

注氮防灭火技术在煤矿中的应用

为了有效预防、控制和扑灭井下火灾,通过煤矿对注氮防灭火的实践应用,认为以注氮为主的防灭火是井下预防火灾和减少火灾损失的一种非常有价值和实用的技术,它可用于煤矿自燃发火的预防（稳定和控制发热）、火势控制、窒息火区、可控制的缩封和启封火区。当氮气注入工作面采空区或火区,使氧含量降低到5％～10％时,可抑制煤的氧化自燃以及瓦斯爆炸,而氧含量降低到3％以下时,则可以使煤炭燃烧熄灭并阻止其复燃。该技术在宁夏煤矿火灾的防治中得到多次应用,其技术处在国内先进水平之列,对于开采自燃煤层煤矿火灾预防与防治具有积极的推广价值。     

Analysis of underground fires in Polish hard coal mines

In the period of the first twenty years after World War II the number of fires in Polish hard coal mines reached annually the value of several thousands of cases. About 80% of fires constituted spontaneous fires. Investigations into the development of new methods of fire hazard prediction and implementation of new methods and means of fire prevention as well as the introduction of prohibition concerning the use of products manufactured of combustible organic materials in underground mine workings re-duced considerably the hazard of underground fire rise. The worked out at the Central Mining Institute (GIG) new method of un-derground fire prediction allows the correct selection of fire prevention means. The introduction into common use of fire-resistant conveyor belts, the main factor giving rise to spontaneous fires, and methods of assessment of their fire resistance eliminated prac-tically the fire hazard. These activities contributed in an efficient way to the reduction of the number of underground fires to a sa-tisfactory level.     

A study of fire propagation in coal seam with numerical simulation of heat transfer and chemical reaction rate in mining field

Spontaneous combustion of coal is a problem that affects the mining operation and generates environmental, economic, social and geotechnical impacts. This phenomenon has been divided into two processes: ignition and propagation. Fire propagation develops in coal seams because of a set of factors such as direction and wind speed, fracturing and temperature. In this work, heat transfer and chemical kinetics are studied from conservation equations of energy and species, respectively, using the software COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the propagation of fires in coal seams. Two possible scenarios were analyzed that usually occur in the walls of the coal seams, such as fire focus and fire complete screens. It was found that the propagation kinetics of the fire changes depending on the temperature, the fracturing of rock mass and the area of fire influence. For temperature values lower than 300 °C, there is consumption around 250 cm³/h, values around 700 °C, the consumption is 1500 cm³/h, and for fires of 1200 °C have values of 3000 cm³/h. Depending on the speed of propagation can vary from 4 to 17 cm/day, considering on the level and fracturing of the final wall of the open pit.     

热电厂火灾事故原因分析及预防

由于热电厂热源集中 ,燃煤、燃油、燃气等易燃物量多面广 ,很容易引起火灾事故 ,有针对性地分析各种可能引起火灾的原因 ,找出预防措施 ,对搞好热电企业的安全生产有着重要意义。     

Designing coal panels in the conditions of associated methane and spontaneous fire hazards

An increase in methane, spontaneous fire and bumping hazards in Polish hard coal mines, observed in the last two decades, led to the need to elaborate the tools allowing proper selection of a range of preventive measures to fight them at the stage of designing coal extraction. Designing the production of a coal seams in the conditions of associated methane and spontaneous fires hazards in Polish hard coal mines requires elaboration of the design standards for coal panels in gassy coal seams. This paper presents the guidelines on how to design production in the conditions of associated methane and spontaneous fire hazards.Presented tools and methodology since the very first research were many times verified by daily mining operations in the conditions of associated methane and spontaneous fire hazards, which confirms their significant contribution to the development of safe and economical mining operations.     

Prevention and control of coalfield fire technology: A case study in the Antaibao Open Pit Mine goaf burning area,China

It is very difficult to clearly detect the location of a burning area in a coal mine since it is hidden underground. So we conducted research on the distribution of the burning area before controlling it. Firstly, the original drilling technique was used to analyze and determine the loose and scope of caving of burning area through field test, and then obtained the gases and the temperature data in this area were according to the borehole data. By analyzing these data, we found out that the location of burning area concentrated in the loose and caving area; and finally, the location and development of the burning area within the tested area were accurately determined. Based on this theory, we used the ground penetrating radar (GPR) to find out the loose and caving scale in the burning area during the control process of the burning area, and then located the fire-extinguishing boreholes within target which we used to control burning fire in the section. A mobile comprehensive fire prevention and extinguishing system based on the three-phase foam fire prevention and control technique was then adopted and conducted in the burning area which took only 9 months to extinguish the 227,000 m² of burning area of 9# coal. This control technology and experience will provide a very important reference to the control of other coalfield fire and hillock fire in the future.     

煤矿内因火灾防治方法及其有效性分析

介绍了煤矿中煤自然发火的一般规律,并分析了技术方法防(灭)火、均压防(灭)火、黄泥灌浆防(灭)火、氮气防(灭)火、凝胶防(灭)火等几种常用的预防内因火灾的防(灭)火方法;同时,对这些方法的防(灭)火有效性进行了分析,提出了实施这些方法的注意事项,以期能更好地预防煤自燃,从而更好地为矿井安全生产服务.     

Characteristics and dominant controlling factors of gas outburst in Huaibei coalfield and its countermeasures

In order to master the main characteristics and controlling factors of gas disasters in Huaibei coalfield, based on data analysis, experimental determination and theoretical research, we analyzed the geological evolution and gas parameters in Huaibei mining area. The results show that Huaibei coalfield is located in Xu-Su arcuate tectonic circle, and the coal seam and gas occurrence took on bipolar-distribution. The dominant controlling factors of gas outburst were tectonic structures, tectonic stress, magma intrusion and mining depth. The geological conditions of Huaibei coalfield were very complicated, and almost all the outburst accidents occurred in tectonic structure zones. The horizontal tectonic stress played a dominant role in outburst accident. The thermal evolution and trap effect of magma intrusion controlled the physical characteristics of coal, gas occurrence and outburst. With the increase of mining depth, the possibility of gas outburst accidents increased significantly. After carrying out several effective regional measurements, the gas control effect was obvious and could ensure safety and high efficiency mining in outburst coal seams.