Three-dimensional stability analysis of anisotropic and non-homogeneous slopes using limit analysis简

A method of three-dimensional loaded slope stability for anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes was presented based on the upper-bound theorem of the limit analysis approach. The approach can be considered as a modification and extension of the solutions. The influences of friction angle, anisotropy factor, nonhomogeneous factor, slope angle, ratio of width to depth, and load on the slope crest were investigated. The results show that solutions are suitable to deal with the purely cohesive soils and frictional/cohesive soils, isotropic and anisotropic, homogeneous and nonhomogeneous, loaded and unloaded cases.     

Search for circular and noncircular critical slip surfaces in slope stability analysis by hybrid genetic algorithm简

A local improvement procedure based on tabu search （TS） was incorporated into a basic genetic algorithm （GA） and a global optimal algorithm, i.e., hybrid genetic algorithm （HGA） approach was used to search the circular and noncircular slip surfaces associated with their minimum safety factors. The slope safety factors of circular and noncircular critical slip surfaces were calculated by the simplified Bishop method and an improved Morgenstern-Price method which can be conveniently programmed, respectively. Comparisons with other methods were made which indicate the high efficiency and accuracy of the HGA approach. The HGA approach was used to calculate one case example and the results demonstrated its applicability to practical engineering.     

A new method determining safe thickness of karst cave roof under pile tip简

Cave roofs are used to support pile foundation in many engineering projects. Accurate stability analysis method of cave roof under pile tip is important in order to ensure the safety of the pile foundation structure. Firstly the mechanical model to analysis the stability of cave roof under pile tip is founded aiming to solve the problems that the simplified mechanical model has. Secondly, the boundary of cave roof is simply supposed to be supported according to the integrity of the rock mass in the boundary of cave roof. Thirdly, based on the theory of plates and shells, the simplified model is calculated and the theoretical calculation formula to determine the safe thickness of cave roof under pile tip can be obtained when the edges of the cave roof are simply supported. In the end, the analysis of the practical engineering project proves the feasibility and the rationality of the method which can be a new method to calculate the safe thickness of cave roof under pile tip.     

Mechanism of electro-hydraulic exciter for new tamping device简

A new tamping device which is driven by an electrohydraulic exciter was proposed to overcome the limitations of mechanically driven devices.The double-rod oscillation cylinder drives the tamping arm to realize vibration.A new spin valve was designed in order to fulfill dynamic state requirements of the oscillation cylinder.Parametric analysis was carried out by establishing mathematic model.Then,the relationships among the structure of valve port and the frequency,amplitude,output shock force of the cylinder were researched.An experimental device of the electrohydraulic exciter was established to validate the theoretical results.The signals were acquired by AVANT dynamic signal analyser of vibration.The results show that new tamping device can satisfy all kinds of complex working conditions with the flexible adjustment of frequency and amplitude.     

New method for plugging channeling in oil field by nitrogen foam简

In order to present a new method for plugging channeling in oil field,the injection modes and validity period of foam system which plugged the formation water layer were studied by means of the experimental model which simulated the real conditions of oil wells existing channeling.Above all,the influence factors including reservoir pressure,permeability,oil saturation and gas-to-liquid ratio were studied through dynamic experiment.Then,in light of the technology characteristics of foam injection in oil field,the comparison between gas-liquid and liquid-gas injection modes was studied.The result shows that the gas-liquid injection mode can ensure the foam injectivity and plugging performance.The plugging validity of nitrogen foam injected into the formation water layer was evaluated in different plugging pressure gradients by the dynamic method which is more reasonable than the static evaluation method in laboratory.The research demonstrates that the plugging validity period of foam decreases with plugging pressure gradient increasing.If the plugging pressure gradient is 0.15 MPa/m,the validity period is 160 h.Finally,a empirical equation and a plate about the plugging validity and the plugging pressure gradient were obtained for forecasting the validity period of foam.     

A new numerical method for determining collapse load-carrying capacity of structure made of elasto-plastic material简

Determination of collapse load-carrying capacity of elasto-plastic material is very important in designing structure. The problem is commonly solved by elasto-plastic finite element method （FEM）. In order to deal with material nonlinear problem involving strain softening problem effectively, a new numerical method-damped Newton method was proposed. The iterative schemes are discussed in detail for pure equilibrium models. In the equilibrium model, the plasticity criterion and the compatibility of the strains are verified, and the strain increment and plastic factor are treated as independent unknowns. To avoid the stiffness matrix being singularity or condition of matrix being ill, a damping factor a was introduced to adjust the value of plastic consistent parameter automatically during the iterations. According to the algorithm, the nonlinear finite element program was complied and its numerical example was calculated. The numerical results indicate that this method converges very fast for both small load steps and large load steps. Compared with those results obtained by analysis and experiment, the predicted ultimate bearing capacity from the proposed method is identical.     

基于强度折减法的不同坡角边坡稳定性分析

介绍了强度折减法的基本原理,在此基础上运用强度折减法分析边坡坡角对边坡稳定性的影响,运用ANSYS软件模拟不同坡角的边坡,分析计算不同坡角边坡的安全系数,通过计算得出不同坡角边坡围岩极限破坏时的折减强度参数,分析研究边坡坡角与边坡安全系数F、边坡围岩极限破坏凝聚力c’及极限破坏摩擦角‘φ’之间的关系。     

求解边坡安全系数的离散元法

结合强度折减法的思想和离散元法的特点,提出一种求解岩体边坡安全系数的方法.采用关键点位移/速度时程曲线的变化趋势对边坡的临界状态进行判断,采用失稳状态时坡体的速度/位移矢量图来判断与安全系数对应的滑动面.将上述方法运用到钟家湾顺层边坡的稳定分析中,并将所得结果与极限平衡法计算结果进行了对比,发现二者的计算数值相差较小,对比结果表明该方法是合理可行的.     

Upper bound analysis of slope stability with nonlinear failure criterion based on strength reduction technique

Based on the upper bound limit analysis theorem and the shear strength reduction technique, the equation for expressing critical limit-equilibrium state was employed to define the safety factor of a given slope and its corresponding critical failure mechanism by means of the kinematical approach of limit analysis theory. The nonlinear shear strength parameters were treated as variable parameters and a kinematically admissible failure mechanism was considered for calculation schemes. The iterative optimization method was adopted to obtain the safety factors. Case study and comparative analysis show that solutions presented here agree with available predictions when nonlinear criterion reduces to linear criterion, and the validity of present method could be illuminated. From the numerical results, it can also be seen that nonlinear parameter m, slope foot gradient β, height of slope H, slope top gradient α and soil bulk density γ have significant effects on the safety factor of the slope.     

A strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters and its application

In the traditional strength reduction method,the cohesion and the friction angle adopt the same reduction parameter,resulting in equivalent proportional reduction.This method does not consider the different effects of the cohesion and friction angle on the stability of the same slope and is defective to some extent.Regarding this defect,a strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters,which adopts different reduction parameters,is proposed.The core of the double-parameter reduction method is the matching reduction principle of the slope with different angles.This principle is represented by the ratio of the reduction parameter of the cohesion to that of the friction angle,described as η.With the increase in the slopeangle,ηincreases; in particular,when the slope angle is 45°,tηis 1.0.Through the matching reduction principle,different safety margin factors can be calculated for the cohesion and friction angle.In combination with these two safety margin factors,a formula for calculating the overall safety factor of the slope is proposed,reflecting the different contributions of the cohesion and friction angle to the slope stability.Finally,it is shown that the strength reduction method based on double reduction parameters acquires a larger safety factor than the classic limit equilibrium method,but the calculation results are very close to those obtained by the limit equilibrium method.     

Couple analysis on strength reduction theory and rheological mechanism for slope stability

Considering the rheological properties of rock and soil body,and exploiting the merit of strength reduction technique,a theory of couple analysis is brought forward on the basis of strength reduction theory and rheological properties.Then,the concept and the calculation procedure of the safety factor are established at different time.Making use of finite element software ANSYS,the most dangerous sliding surface of the slope can be obtained through the strength reduction technique.According to the dynamic safety factor based on rheological mechanism,a good forecasting could be presented to prevent and cure the landslide.The result shows that the couple analysis reveals the process of the slope failure with the time and the important influence on the long-term stability due to the rheological parameters.     

强度折减法在高边坡支护稳定性分析中的应用

以一实际的岩土高边坡为例,探讨强度折减法的理论计算方法.利用强度折减法分别计算高边坡天然状态、未支护与支护状态下的整体稳定性,得到高边坡的整体安全系数与潜在滑动面,评价高边坡的支护系统的有效性,验证强度折减法在岩土体工程中的有效性.     

Discontinuous flying particle swarm optimization algorithm and its application to slope stability analysis

A new version of particle swarm optimization (PSO) called discontinuous flying particle swarm optimization (DFPSO) was proposed, where not all of the particles refreshed their positions and velocities during each iteration step and the probability of each particle in refreshing its position and velocity was dependent on its objective function value. The effect of population size on the results was investigated. The results obtained by DFPSO have an average difference of 6% compared with those by PSO, whereas DFPSO consumes much less evaluations of objective function than PSO does.     

边坡稳定分析的三维剩余推力法

基于剩余推力法提出了一种边坡稳定分析的三维方法.该法可用于计算具有任意形状滑动面的边坡在复杂荷载作用下三维稳定安全系数.首先将边坡用铅直面离散为柱条,然后采用剩余推力法的原理,基于摩尔库仑准则,根据条柱的静力平衡条件,并考虑条柱间作用力的影响,推导出边坡稳定系数.算例验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

有限元强度折减法在边坡稳定分析中的应用

为研究渠河河堤跨河大桥桩基工程对河堤稳定性的影响,采用有限元方法对河堤边坡加固方案及施工过程进行稳定性计算分析。对渠河大桥处渠堤断面图进行概化,构建二维平面应变有限元计算模型;利用有限元强度折减法,借助PLAXIS软件实现对设计坝体加宽和桩基桩孔施工情况下边坡的稳定性分析。计算结果表明,当坝坡坡度调整为1.00∶3.00时,最小稳定安全系数达到1.179,满足规范要求值1.150;桩孔开挖过程中,边坡稳定安全系数均大于1.150,坝坡稳定性可以得到保证,但是桩孔孔壁存在渗透变形和塑性变形的安全隐患,需采取防护措施。