超声波测试法在混凝土非局部损伤本构模型中的应用

用超声波测试法得到了以混凝土材料参数与声波波速表征的混凝土损伤参量 .将该参量非局部化后代入非局部损伤本构方程中得到混凝土非局部应力与应变关系曲线 ,其方程为一维状态下的混凝土非局部损伤本构模型 .尝试用超声波测试所得的混凝土损伤参数 ,为该问题的解决提供一种方法 ,实验结果表明该方法是可行的 .     

岩石类材料摩擦局部化损伤本构关系研究

基于损伤弱化与摩擦强化的思想,利用弹簧、胶结杆、滑片组成细观子链D,并引入剪切带宽度,建立了摩擦局部化损伤本构关系.在本构关系的应力-应变曲线上,随剪切带宽度的增加,硬化模量和峰值强度降低.对比已有的应变梯度理论发现,在细观层次上局部化失稳表现为剪切滑动旋转机制,摩擦滑动效应与已有的应变梯度效应具有物理等效性.各种加载条件下的应力-应变曲线形态表明,局部化带宽度的变化对应了各种通过作用于微观键而影响岩石力学性质因素的变化,如温度、加载速率、颗粒尺寸、气体在岩石内表面的吸附作用等.因此,摩擦局部化损伤本构关系适用于更为复杂的工程地质条件.     

纤维混凝土受压细观统计损伤本构模型研究

分别对31个普通混凝土试块、38个钢纤维混凝土试块及11个聚丙烯纤维混凝土进行了单轴受压本构试验研究,采用卡方检验方法对试验结果进行统计分析及假设检验,确定了以峰值应变为损伤变量的概型分布.基于唯象细观统计损伤力学及热力学的相关理论,在传统模型基础上引入了损伤阈值概念,并研究了不同混凝土损伤阈值取值问题.同时,探讨了塑性应变对本构模型的影响,建立了考虑塑性应变及损伤阈值的纤维混凝土单轴受压细观统计损伤本构模型.研究结果表明:损伤变量较好的服从Weibull分布函数;普通混凝土损伤阈值γ为0.6倍峰值应变,掺入纤维后,损伤阈值γ提高为0.8倍峰值应变;所建立的本构模型能够有效地描述纤维混凝土的受压本构关系.     

改进的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构

针对现有的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型的缺陷,利用能够反映混凝土拉压方向不同强度特性的Hsieh-Ting-Chen四参数屈服函数,基于热力学耗散原理提出了一种新的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型,并且进行单轴拉伸和单轴压缩下,应力-应变关系的数值试验。和其它混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型相比,提出的弹塑性损伤本构模型有其优点:只有一个未知参数,其余的参数都和Hsieh-Ting-Chen混凝土四参数屈服函数的参数相同,易于确定未知参数;并且拉压损伤演化定律采用相同的计算公式,能够较好地反映混凝土在复杂应力状态下的拉压不同的损伤特性及应力-应变曲线。     

基于金属材料统一本构及损伤理论的模型研究

结合传统的弹塑性本构理论和损伤演化方法,根据不可逆热力学定律,引进了非弹性乘子,给出金属材料含损伤、运动硬化和等向硬化内变量的非相关流动势函数,推导出流动方程以及内变量演化方程,构建金属材料的粘塑性统一本构模型,反映出金属材料在加卸载情况下的应力应变以及相应的变化特性．     

非局部增强梯度损伤模型在材料疲劳寿命估算中的应用

提出了一种新的估算等幅载荷谱下金属疲劳寿命的方法——非局部增强梯度损伤模型的方法。该方法将非局部应变代人加载函数与损伤增长率公式中,考虑了材料的微观尺度因素和材料的损伤判据;并以含缺口的金属材料试件验证了该算法的可行性和精确性;结果表明非局部增强梯度损伤模型法能较准确地进行等幅疲劳寿命的可靠性估算,有较好的工程应用价值。     

考虑非贯通节理损伤演化岩体复合本构模型

非贯通节理岩体的力学特征与完整岩石相比有较大差异.为推导非贯通节理岩体在单轴压缩下的复合损伤本构模型,采用修正自洽方法考虑不同损伤变量之间的复合.从附加应变能增量和损伤应变能释放量相关联的思路出发,采用等效直线裂纹作为节理裂隙损伤演化轨迹,分别计算细观损伤、初始节理和节理裂隙损伤演化引起的附加应变能;基于Betti能量互易定理,引入自洽方法考虑节理裂隙之间的相互作用,并采用逐条添加节理的方法对传统自洽方法进行修正,得出岩体不同受力阶段细观、初始节理和节理裂隙损伤演化的复合损伤本构模型;将本构模型的理论计算结果与现有文献的室内试验结果进行对比分析,结果显示:本构模型的理论计算结果与室内试验结果规律一致,随着节理个数增加,初始弹性模量和荷载峰值均呈下降趋势,下降幅度较为一致;节理裂隙的损伤演化对岩体的力学特性有重要影响,考虑节理裂隙损伤演化的理论应力应变曲线和荷载峰值与室内试验结果更为吻合,有效验证了复合损伤本构模型的正确性与合理性.     

非饱和多孔岩石的热力学本构理论

为了在本构模型中同时考虑岩石材料和多孔岩石的非线性和不可逆变形,提出非饱和多孔岩石工程力学理论.应用体积分数概念和混合物理论,凭借均匀化响应原理,获得由孔隙应变张量、饱和度和各组分材料体应变5个状态变量表示的能量平衡方程.利用自由能确定的5个弹性方程,加上体积分数之和等于1这个方程组成6个本构方程.根据这些方程可以求解非饱和岩石本构模型的全部6个未知变量(3个位移矢量和3个体积分数).根据不可逆热力学理论,基于熵产公式提出用内变量表示的耗散率势函数,获得能够反映黏性和塑性不可逆变形特性的耗散本构方程.结果表明,自由能和耗散率2个势函数分别反映了岩石弹性和非弹性变形规律,共同构成了非饱和多孔岩石的热力学本构理论框架.     

聚酯基复合材料板的粘弹性损伤本构关系

从在不同的常应变控制下正交铺设的玻璃纤维布／聚脂复合材料板的几项拉伸试验着手，提出了该材料粘弹性的损伤等价性原理。应用热力学的内变量的概念，在实验的基础上建立了该材料的损伤本构本构关系。     

火电厂耐热钢的非线性局部化蠕变损伤研究

针对火电厂中蒸汽管道与汽包一类承压部件常用耐热钢材，在经历长时间高温高压作用后，处于蠕应变Ⅲ阶段过程时，发生非线性局部化（大变形）蠕变损伤问题，给出损伤本构描述，提出非线性局部化蠕变损伤本构模型及其数值变分原理与有限元离散化形式，从而形成另一种弹塑性蠕变损伤理论与数值变分新方法。     

Constitutive Relation of Yunjialing Anthracite Under Medium Strain Rate

By means of the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） testing system, this paper presents a dynamic constitu- tive relation of anthracite at a strain rate of ε =5-85s^-1. Generally, the dynamic stress-strain curve for this kind of anthracite under uni-axial compression has the following four stages： a non-linear loading stage, a plastic yielding stage, a strain-strengthening stage and an unloading breakage stage. Correspondingly, the initial elastic modulus Eb, the yielding strength σs and the ultimate strength σb increase along with an increasing strain rate. The time-dependent elasticity was identified when we analyzed the mechanical properties of anthracite. Based on characteristics of measured dynamic stress-strain curves and an analysis of existing rock dynamic constitutive models, as well as a preparatory simulation, a new visco-elastic damage model has been introduced in this paper. A linear spring is put parallel to two Maxwell units with different relaxation times to express two distinct plastic flows. The damage D is equal to [Eb- E（εi）]/Eb, where Eb is the beginning modulus and the E（εi） is the slope of a connected line between the origin point and any other point on a tested stress-strain curve. In the new constitutive model, one Maxwell unit with low relaxation time φ is used to describe the response of anthracite to a low strain rate, while the other, with a high relaxation time φ describes the response of anthracite to a high strain rate. Simulated stress-strain curves from the new model are consistent with the measured curves.     

冻融循环作用下煤矸石混凝土的损伤特性及本构关系

考虑煤矸石粗骨料取代率（0、20%、40%、60%）的影响,开展冻融循环试验、单轴受压本构试验及声发射检测试验,研究煤矸石混凝土的损伤本构模型。研究结果表明：不同取代率的煤矸石混凝土的相对峰值应变与冻融损伤值具有较高的相关性,所得冻融损伤值与相对峰值应变的方程可为本构模型的建立提供有效参数。煤矸石混凝土声发射特性与其荷载损伤发展情况、力学性能、应力–应变曲线有紧密联系,基于受压声发射特性,采用PBS平行杆力学模型建立了未冻融循环作用下煤矸石混凝土的荷载损伤模型,并结合其冻融损伤模型,建立了煤矸石混凝土冻融损伤本构关系,计算结果与试验数据符合较好。该模型能较准确地反映混凝土在冻融和单轴受压荷载作用下的全过程损伤特征。     

Cyclic constitutive equations of rock with coupled damage induced by compaction and cracking

In this paper, the cyclic constitutive equations were proposed to describe the constitutive behavior of cyclic loading and unloading. Firstly, a coupled damage variable was derived, which contains two parts, i.e., the compaction-induced damage and the cracking-induced damage. The compaction-induced damage variable was derived from a nonlinear stress–strain relation of the initial compaction stage, and the cracking-induced damage variable was established based on the statistical damage theory. Secondly, based on the total damage variable, a damage constitutive equation was proposed to describe the constitutive relation of rock under the monotonic uniaxial compression conditions, whereafter, the application of this model is extended to cyclic loading and unloading conditions. To validate the proposed monotonic and cyclic constitutive equations, a series of mechanical tests for marble specimens were carried out, which contained the monotonic uniaxial compression (MUC) experiment, cyclic uniaxial compression experiments under the variable amplitude (CUC-VA) and constant amplitude (CUC-CA) conditions. The results show that the proposed total damage variable comprehensively reflects the damage evolution characteristic, i.e., the damage variable firstly decreases, then increases no matter under the conditions of MUC, CUC-VA or CUC-CA. Then a reasonable consistency is observed between the experimental and theoretical curves. The proposed cyclic constitutive equations can simulate the whole cyclic loading and unloading behaviors, such as the initial compaction, the strain hardening and the strain softening. Furthermore, the shapes of the theoretical curves are controlled by the modified coefficient, compaction sensitivity coefficient and two Weibull distributed parameters.     

Damage constitutive model for strain-softening rock based on normal distribution and its parameter determination

Firstly, using the damage model for rock based on Lemaitre hypothesis about strain equivalence, a new technique for measuring strength of rock micro-cells by adopting the Mohr-Coulomb criterion was developed, and a statistical damage evolution equation was established based on the property that strength of micro-cells is consistent with normal distribution function, through discussing the characteristics of random distributions for strength of micro-cells, then a statistical damage constitutive model that can simulate the full process of rock strain softening under specific confining pressure was set up. Secondly, a new method to determine the model parameters which can be applied to the situations under different confining pressures was proposed, by deeply studying the relations between the model parameters and characteristic parameters of the full stress-strain curve under different confining pressures. Therefore, a unified statistical damage constitutive model for rock softening which can reflect the effect of different confining pressures was set up. This model makes the physical property of model parameters explicit, contains only conventional mechanical parameters, and leads its application more convenient. Finally, the rationality of this model and its parameters-determining method were identified via comparative analyses between theoretical and experimental curves.     

混凝土率相关单轴塑性损伤本构的开发及应用

为了对爆炸作用下钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)构件动力响应进行简化分析,需要合理描述混凝土和钢筋的应变率效应,而LS-DYNA中缺乏能够考虑混凝土应变率效应的单轴本构模型,因此,结合Faria单轴塑性损伤模型,通过黏性规则化方法调整率无关模型的损伤阈值演化律以考虑应变率效应,并利用LS-DYNA将该模型编制为用户材料子程序VUMAT.以单个单元测试了高应变率下材料的基本性能;基于纤维模型模拟了RC梁在爆炸、冲击作用下的动力响应.结果表明:该本构模型能反映混凝土受拉应变率效应高于受压应变率效应的事实,同时也能较准确地模拟爆炸与冲击作用下RC梁的动力响应.     

强震下弦支穹顶结构的动力失效探讨

为了揭示强震下弦支穹顶结构的动力失效机理,分别采用双线性本构模型和应变-损伤耦合本构模型,对一个8点支承的弦支穹顶结构进行了不同地震加速度下的全过程动力时程分析,考察了2种不同材料模型下的结构动力失效.同时对采用应变-损伤耦合本构模型的结构进行了深入研究,对该结构最大位移、塑性杆件数、杆件的应变能密度和动能密度、构件应力及应力变化率等多个物理量准则进行了考察分析.结果表明:采用应变-损伤耦合本构模型能更加准确地反映结构的动力失效,且这些物理量都能大致反映结构动力失效过程中的失效时刻;同时也反映了失效时结构最大位移、杆件塑性发展、索力松弛等失效特征.     

基于Mohr准则的岩石损伤本构模型及其修正研究

基于Mohr准则,重新定义了岩石微元强度。考虑岩石微元强度服从随机分布的特点,结合损伤力学理论和统计强度理论,建立了三轴压缩条件下岩石损伤本构模型。为使建立的模型更具一般性,分析了模型参数与围压的关系,并据此对模型参数进行合理修正,从而建立出完整的岩石损伤本构模型。与试验结果比较,所建模型可以灵活地模拟各级围压下岩石破裂过程的全应力应变关系,尤其是应变软化特性。同时,该模型形式简单,应用方便,接近工程实际。     

Damage and failure rule of rock undergoing uniaxial compressive load and dynamic load

1INTRODUCTION Naturalrockinlithosphereiscommonlyinthetri dimensionalstressstate,butthatofthewallrockaroundundergroundstructuresisoftentrans formedtouni dimensionalstatewhenundergroundstructureprojectsareputinpracticeororeisminedout.Butwhenthestressstateofrocktrans formsfromhighdimension stolowdimension s,ifcertainconditionsaresatisfied,rockburstwillpos siblyoccur[1].Inordertoinvestigatetherockburstoccurrencemechanism,theuniaxialloadingtestisoftencarriedouttosimulateapproximatelytherockburs…     

Damage evolution and dynamic response of cement asphalt mortar layer of slab track under vehicle dynamic load

The damage evolution and dynamic performance of a cement asphalt (CA) mortar layer of slab track subjected to vehicle dynamic load is investigated in this paper. Initially, a statistical damage constitutive model for the CA mortar layer is developed using continuous damage mechanics and probability theory. In this model, the strength of the CA mortar elements is treated as a random variable, which follows the Weibull distribution. The inclusion of strain rate dependence affords considering its influence on the damage development and the transition between viscosity and elasticity. Comparisons with experimental data support the reliability of the model. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of a slab track is then created with the commercial software ABAQUS, where the devised model for the CA mortar is implemented as a user-defined material subroutine. Finally, a vertical vehicle model is coupled with the FE model of the slab track, through the wheel-rail contact forces, based on the nonlinear Hertzian contact theory. The evolution of the damage and of the dynamic performance of the CA mortar layer with various initial damage is investigated under the train and track interaction. The analysis indicates that the proposed model is capable of predicting the damage evolution of the CA mortar layer exposed to vehicle dynamic load. The dynamic compressive strain, the strain rate, and the induced damage increase significantly with an increase in the initial damage, whereas the dynamic compressive stress exhibits a sharp decrease with the increasing initial damage. Also, it is found that the strain rate dependence significantly influences the damage evolution and the dynamic behavior of the CA mortar layer.     

高强度混凝土的细观损伤本构模型研究

基于轴向拉伸与压缩试验观测资料，论述了高强度混凝土的细观损伤机理和以应力与应变全曲线及其特征点相对应参数建立的损伤本构模型，提出了拉、压二向应力状态时的本构模型和正交异性损伤本构模型，同时还引入其他学者提出的混凝土三向应力状态各向同性损伤时的本构模型，并提出了高强度混凝土的损伤断裂判据