水下通气空泡航行体结构模态及冲击响应研究

将航行体水下通气空泡简化为空气弹簧,并基于结构水下附加质量与空气弹簧作用原理,推导了水下通气空泡航行体在局部通气空泡包裹下的流固耦合振动方程.基于该振动方程,对通气空泡航行体在不同空泡长度包裹下的模态频率以及冲击载荷作用下的结构响应进行了分析,并将结果与将通气空泡简化为真空情况的计算结果进行对比.研究结果表明,结构的模态频率随通气空泡长度的增大而波动增大;通气空泡刚度对结构模态频率的影响随模态阶数的增大而减小;在冲击载荷作用下,通气空泡长度越大,响应幅值越小、响应频率越高.     

Experimental Observations of Cavitating Flows Around a Hydrofoil

The cavitation around a hydrofoil is studied experimentally to shed light on the multiphase fluid dynamics. Different cavitation regimes are studied by using high speed visualization and particle image velocimetry(PIV). As decreasing the cavitation number, four cavitating flow regimes are observed: incipient cavitation, sheet cavitation, cloud cavitation, and supercavitation. From the incipient cavitation to the cloud cavitation, bubbles become more and more. Phenomena with large-scale vortex structure and rear re-entrant jet associated with the cloud cavitation, and subsequent development in the supercavitation are described. The velocity in the cavitation regions in the different cavitation conditions is low compared to that of the free stream. The large velocity gradient is also observed in the cavitating flow region near the surface of the hydrofoil.     

Computational Analyses of Cavitating Flows in Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen

The objective of this study is to analyze the fundamental characteristics and the thermodynamic effects of cavitating flows in liquid hydrogen. For this purpose, numerical simulation of cavitating flows are conducted over a three dimensional hydrofoil in liquid hydrogen. Firstly, the efficiency of this computational methodology is validated through comparing the simulation results with the experimental measurements of pressure and temperature. Secondly, after analysing the cavitating flows in liquid hydrogen and water, the characteristics under cryogenic conditions are highlighted. The results show that the thermodynamic effects play a significant role in the cavity structure and the mass transfer, the dimensionless mass transfer rate of liquid hydrogen is much larger, and the peak value is about ninety times as high as water at room temperature. Furthermore, a parametric study of cavitating flows on hydrofoil is conducted by considering different cavitation number and dimensionless thermodynamic coefficient. The obtained results provide an insight into the thermodynamic effect on the cavitating flows.     

Computational modeling of cavitating flows in liquid nitrogen by an extended transport-based cavitation model

Developing a robust computational strategy to address the rich physical characteristic involved in the thermodynamic effects on the cryogenic cavitation remains a challenge in research. The objective of the present study is to focus on developing modelling strategy to simulate cavitating flows in liquid nitrogen. For this purpose, numerical simulation over a 2D quarter caliber hydrofoil is investigated by calibrating cavitation model parameters and implementing the thermodynamic effects to the Zwart cavitation model. Experimental measurements of pressure and temperature are utilized to validate the extensional Zwart cavitation model. The results show that the cavitation dynamics characteristic under the cryogenic environment are different from that under the isothermal conditions: the cryogenic case yields a substantially shorter cavity around the hydrofoil, and the predicted pressure and temperature inside the cavity are steeper under the cryogenic conditions. Compared with the experimental data, the computational predictions with the modified evaporation and condensation parameters display better results than the default parameters from the room temperature liquids. Based on a wide range of computations and comparisons, the extensional Zwart cavitation model may predict more accurately the quasi-steady cavitation over a hydrofoil in liquid nitrogen by primarily altering the evaporation rate near the leading edge and the condensation rate in the cavity closure region.     

水射流空化噪声的自适应滤波处理

空化水射流中空泡渍灭会产生空化噪声.空化噪声是一种微弱的随机信号,采集系统自身的噪声对空化噪声有着较强的干扰.采用自适应噪声抵消方法对空化信号进行滤波处理,结果表明该方法具有良好的滤除系统噪声干扰能力,得到了真实的水射流空化噪声信号.     

空蚀区空化水流特性的实验研究

实验研究了空蚀区空泡溃灭特性.实验在浙江工业大学水力学实验室空化水洞中进行,采用高速摄影技术观测了不同掺气体积分数下空蚀段的空化云形态,并量测了空化水流的压力.利用绘制的空化数曲线对空泡溃灭进行了分析处理,得到了空化水流在空蚀段沿程变化的特征.结果表明:在不同的掺气体积分数下,对应于各种不同的空化形态,空蚀段空化水流表现出不同的特点;空化数有一个突然上升的过程,在此过程中空泡大量溃灭.     

具有壅塞环的空化器特性数值分析

出现壅塞空化现象时,壅塞管内流场会发生剧烈变化。利用计算流体力学软件Fluent,采用标准模型k-和多相流空化模型,在不同入口速度和背压条件下对具有壅塞环的空化器进行数值模拟,分析空化器壅塞环在不同位置时,空化区域内静压力和空隙率的分布情况。试验结果表明:壅塞环可以增加壅塞截面下游的恢复压力,且壅塞环离环形喷嘴出口越远,作用越明显;壅塞环可以增大产生壅塞空化的最佳背压范围,且壅塞环离环形喷嘴越近,产生壅塞空化流动的背压范围越大。     

Validation of dynamic cavitation model for unsteady cavitating flow on NACA66

Unsteady cavitating flow is extremely complicated and brings more serious damages and unignorable problems compared with steady cavitating flow.CFD has become a practical way to model cavitation;however,the popularly used full cavitation model cannot reflect the pressure-change that the bubble experiences during its life path in the highly unsteady flow like cloud cavitating.Thus a dynamic cavitation model(DCM)is proposed and it has been considered to have not only the first-order pressure effects but also zero-order effect and can provide greater insight into the physical process of bubble producing,developing and collapsing compared to the traditional cavitation model.DCM has already been validated for steady cavitating flow,and the results were reported.Furthermore,DCM is designed and supposed to be more accurate and efficient in modeling unsteady cavitating flow,which is also the purpose of this paper.The basic characteristic of the unsteady cavitating flow,such as the vapor volume fraction distribution and the evolution of pressure amplitude and frequency at different locations of the hydrofoil,are carefully studied to validate DCM.It is found that not only these characteristics mentioned above accord well with the experimental results,but also some detailed transient flow information is depicted,including the re-entrant jet flow that caused the shedding of the cavity,and the phenomenon of two-peak pressure fluctuation in the vicinity of the cavity closure in a cycle.The numerical results validate the capability of DCM for the application of modeling the complicated unsteady cavitating flow.     

水翼非定常空化流场的数值模拟

采用修正的RNGk-ε湍流模型对8°攻角NACA0015水翼的非定常二维空化流场进行数值模拟,分析当空化数分别为1和1.5,对应雷诺数为3×105时绕翼型的非定常流动,得到不同空化数下的非定常空化流场结构及其演化过程的流动特性.计算结果表明,回射流在空泡的形成和发展过程中起着重要的作用.空泡首先出现于水翼的前缘,在其产生的位置形成一个顺时针的漩涡,漩涡沿水翼上表面向下游移动.空泡逐渐长大并脱落,在不同空化数下,空泡脱落的位置不同.空泡形成和发展过程中均伴有压力的波动,大空化数流场的压力波动幅度和频率都明显高于小空化数流场.     

孔板和文丘里管复合结构空化器的优化设计

利用ANSYS-CFX软件, 在相关水力装置空化器研究的基础上, 对孔板和文丘里管复合结构空化器的空化效果进行模拟优化。在孔板结构参数相同、位置一定的条件下, 对复合结构空化器的空化流场进行数值模拟, 探讨3种不同形式的文丘里管喉部结构对空化效果的影响。通过对空化流场的压力分布、空泡体积分数以及汽含率的分析, 结果表明:文丘里管喉部结构形式对空化效果有着明显的影响, 在相同的边界条件下, 急剧型的复合结构空化器空化效果更强。