三维多向编织复合材料分析模型

针对四向编织复合材料，从几何上建立了材料单胞的组织结构模型，深入讨论了单胞内纤维束在空间上的分布规律，导出了编织参数间的关系，并结合假定的四向编织复合材料进行了性能预报分析，模型将成为三维多向编织复合材料的材料性能预报与材料设计的基础。     

三维编织复合材料工字梁的弯曲性能分析

在三维编织复合材料的实体单胞模型的基础上，考虑了编织结构和编织纱线的几何特性，采用局部／整体均匀化的方法，计算了三维编织复合材料的宏观性能，利用MARC有限元分析软件的用户接口，分析了三维编织复合材料工字梁的弯曲性能，计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

炭源对制备炭/炭复合材料微波CVI工艺的影响

以炭毡为预制体,N2为稀释气体,在沉积温度为1 100℃和1 150℃时,研究不同气体前驱体(甲烷和丙烯)对微波热解CVI工艺(MCVI)制备炭/炭复合材料致密化速率和密度均匀性的影响,并观察材料的表面形貌和微观结构,分析MCVI工艺的可行性.结果表明,非极性甲烷更适用于MCVI工艺,预制体可实现从内到外逐步致密,避免了表面结壳现象,提高了致密化速率.采用该工艺,可在30 h内制备密度达1.70 g/cm3以上的炭/炭复合材料.     

碳/酚醛复合材料烧蚀过程热应力分析

为了评价防热材料的烧蚀性能,利用有限元软件ANSYS对碳/酚醛复合材料烧蚀过程中热应力的分布与演化规律进行了数值模拟.计算了恒定热流边界条件下材料的瞬态温度场和热应力场,采用蔡-希尔准则对材料热解区进行了破坏分析.数值计算结果与试验测试及图像分析结果的比较表明,随烧蚀过程的进行,材料热影响深度逐渐增大,温度梯度减小;材料热解区存在因热膨胀引起的热应力峰值,并随烧蚀过程逐渐后移,热应力是导致材料裂纹产生并扩展的主要原因.     

三维四向编织复合材料弯曲性能的预测

基于经典层合板理论和叠层板模型，提出了一种预测三维四向编织复合材料弯曲性能的方法。在叠层板模型中，代表性体积单元的厚度为编织复合材料的整体厚度，宽度为一个编织花节宽度，长度为一个编织花节长度，并简化为具有不同材料主方向的单向层板的叠合结构。不同层板问的交叉重叠按各层板性能的体积平均进行简化，同时假设代表性体积单元具有均匀的中面应变和曲率。此外，模型中考虑了编织纱线的排列方式以及表面纱线的影响。理论分析结果与实验值吻合较好。     

热载荷对三维编织复合材料拉伸性能的影响

针对热载荷对三维四向编织复合材料拉伸性能的影响,基于材料细观结构几何模型,推导了三维四向编织复合材料稳态热传导分析有限元方程,建立了三维四向编织复合材料热力耦合行为分析力学模型.将稳态热传导分析得到的温度场作为热力耦合分析时的热载荷,并施加相应的机械载荷,完成了热力耦合强度预报.研究结果表明螺旋型纤维等效模型的数值预报结果与实验数据基本吻合,说明该模型能有效地计算三维编织复合材料的纵向拉伸强度;边界热流对小编织角三维四向编织复合材料的纵向拉伸强度影响较大;该研究为后续的瞬态热传导分析分析奠定了基础.     

炭／炭复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

选取由CVD预增密至一定密度，再进行树脂浸渍／炭化补充增密至1.85g/cm^3的炭／炭复合材料作摩擦环试样。测试了该试样在一系列刹车速度时的摩擦磨损性能，并对其摩擦面及磨屑进行了SEM,观察对摩擦面进行显微喇曼光谱分析。研究结果表明：炭／炭复合材料的摩擦磨损性能随刹车速度的变化而发生显著变化，在10m/s时出现最高峰，在25m/s出现亚高峰；磨损量随刹车速度的增加而增加，而氧化磨损在刹车速度为25m/s时开始大量产生，在28m/s时达最大值，其摩擦表面形貌，结构及磨屑亦有较大差别。刹车速度从5m/s升至20m/s，摩擦面石墨化度降低，石墨结构向无定型碳结构转变，但在高速时石墨化度反而升高，无定型碳结构又向石墨结构转变。     

热处理温度对炭／炭复合材料性能的影响

对同一种炭／炭复合材料，经过不同温度的最终热处理后的微观结构、石墨化度和抗弯强度进行了对比研究．研究结果表明：随着最终热处理温度的升高，在偏振光下，易石墨化的热解炭光学活性增强，而难石墨化的热解炭微观结构几乎没有变化；炭／炭复合材料的晶粒逐渐长大，层面间距逐渐缩小，石墨化度有较大幅度的提高；同时，由于基体炭与炭纤堆的热膨胀系数存在差别，随着热处理温度的升高，基体与增强纤维的的结合强度降低，使炭／炭复合材料的抗弯强度降低，但材料的应变性增强，材料的断裂形式由脆断转为假塑性断裂.     

含微裂纹三维多向编织复合材料热膨胀系数的细观力学分析

将三维编织复合材料的纤维束和微裂纹分别看作圆柱型和圆币型夹杂,考虑了微裂纹的任意取向和增强纤维束的空间取向,采用等效夹杂法对含微裂纹的三维多向编织复合材料的热膨胀系数进行了细观力学分析,提出了预报含微裂纹三维多向编织复合材料热膨胀系数的方法,由于直接考虑了微裂纹的任意取向和增强纤维的空间取向,这种方法既可应用于一般含微裂纹的三维编织复合材料,也可应用于单向纤维增强复合材料.结合实例分别预报了单向纤维增强复合材料和四向编织复合材料的热膨胀系数,与实验结果吻合较好.     

制作复合材料的三维编织技术

本文研究制作复合材料的三维编织技术。     

Optimum design of carbon/carbon ablative property based on genetic algorithm

An optimum design model has been proposed for carbon/carbon ablative property based on genetic algorithm,in which the optimum parameters are the number of woven satins,K of fiber bundles,layers per unit height,the average distance of puncture fibers in Z direction and Ply Stacking angle,and the constraint conditions are the density and diameter of carbon fibers and the density of carbon matrix.The results demonstrate that after optimization,the overall height of the ablative carbon/carbon surface is reduced by 56.5%,the standard deviation is reduced by 34.9% and the surface roughness is reduced by 12.6%,which suggests the remarkable improvement of ablative homogeneity.The present investigation can provide practical methodology for the optimum design of carbon/carbon ablative property and the development of new carbon/carbon composites.     

Mechanical properties of 3D carbon/carbon composites by nanoindentation technique

Nanoindentation tests were conducted to investigate the near-surface mechanical properties of the individual components (fiber and matrix) for three-dimensional reinforced carbon/carbon composites (3D C/C). Optical microscope and polarizing light microscope were used to characterize the microstructure of 3D C/C. The microscopy results show that large number of pores and cracks exist at both bundle/matrix interface and pitch carbon matrix. These defects have important effect on the mechanical behavior of 3D C/C. The in situ properties for components of 3D C/C were acquired by nanoindentation technique. Relative to the matrix sample, the fiber samples have more larger values for modulus, stiffness and hardness. However, there is no significant difference of modulus and stiffness among fiber samples with different directions.     

医用碳/碳复合材料的制备及骨组织相容性研究

医用碳/碳复合材料的制备工艺主要由碳纤维三维立体织物浸渍糠醇树脂、碳化、化学气相渗透和石墨化等主要步骤构成.本文采用扫描电子显微镜、肖氏硬度计对碳/碳复合材料的表面微观形貌及显微硬度进行观察和测定.为进一步探讨该材料作为骨组织替换材料的可行性，开展了实验动物骨内种植实验，并通过X射线和组织病理切片观察对材料与骨组织相容性进行了研究.结果表明，采用本工艺制备的碳/碳复合材料组织结构均匀致密.该材料生物相容性良好，具有与正常人体皮质骨十分接近的表面硬度.     

医用碳／碳复合材料的制备及骨组织相容性研究

医用碳／碳复合材料的制备工艺主要由碳纤维三维立体织物浸渍糠醇树脂、碳化、化学气相渗透和石墨化等主要步骤构成．本文采用扫描电子显微镜、肖氏硬度计对碳／碳复合材料的表面微观形貌及显微硬度进行观察和测定．为进一步探讨该材料作为骨组织替换材料的可行性，开展了实验动物骨内种植实验，并通过X射线和组织病理切片观察对材料与骨组织相容性进行了研究．结果表明，采用本工艺制备的碳／碳复合材料组织结构均匀致密．该材料生物相容性良好，具有与正常人体皮质骨十分接近的表面硬度．     

碳/金属复合纤维材料的制备及性能研究

通过磁控溅射法在碳纤维表面镀Cu薄膜和Fe薄膜,制得碳/铜复合纤维和碳/铁复合纤维,对其基本性能进行测试分析研究,测试其表面形态、力学性能和浸润性等,并分析不同的溅射工艺条件对纤维的影响,为其产品的进一步开发和应用提供了参考.     

Behavior of pure and modified carbon/carbon composites in atomic oxygen environment

Atomic oxygen （AO） is considered the most erosive particle to spacecraft materials in low earth orbit （LEO）. Carbon fiber, car-bon/carbon （C/C）, and some modified C/C composites were exposed to a simulated AO environment to investigate their behaviors in LEO. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, AO erosion rate calculation, and mechanical property testing were used to characterize the material properties. Results show that the carbon fiber and C/C specimens undergo significant degradation under the AO bombing. According to the effects of AO on C/C-SiC and CVD-SiC-coated C/C, a condensed CVD-SiC coat is a feasible approach to protect C/C composites from AO degradation.     

Fractal characterization of pore microstructure evolution in carbon/carbon composites

A fractal characterization approach was proposed to research pore microstructure evolution in carbon/carbon (C/C) composites during the chemical vapor infiltration process. The data obtained from mercury porosimetry determinations were analyzed using the sponge fractal model and the thermodynamics relation fractal model, respectively. The fractal dimensions of C/C composites at different densification stages were evaluated. The pore microstructure evolution with densification time was studied by fractal dimension analysis. The results showed that C/C composites belong to porous fractal structure. The fractal dimensions increase on the whole with decreasing porosity as the densification proceeds. The fractal dimensions are influenced by the texture of pyrocarbon and decrease with increasing anisotropy from isotropic pyrocarbon to high textural one. Both the complicacy of pore structure and the textural morphology of pyrocarbon can be represented simultaneously by the fractal dimension. The pore evolution of C/C composites in the densification process can be monitored using fractal dimension. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50742008)     

Improved oxidation resistance of chemical vapor reaction SiC coating modified with silica for carbon/carbon composites

To protect carbon/carbon (C/C) composites from oxidation, a SiC coating modified with SiO2 was prepared by a complex technology. The inner SiC coating with thickness varying from 150 to 300 μm was initially coated by chemical vapor reaction (CVR): a simple and cheap technique to prepare the SiC coating via siliconizing the substrate that was exposed to the mixed vapor (Si and SiO2) at high temperatures (1 923?2 273 K). Then the as-prepared coating was processed by a dipping and drying procedure with tetraet...     

Microstructural study of the ablation behaviors of 3D fine weave pierced Carbon/Carbon composites using plasma torch at ultra-high temperature

Carbon/carboncompositesareafamilyofad vancedcompositematerials.Theyarethemostad vancedformofcarbonandconsistofafiberbasedon carbonprecursorsembeddedinacarbonmatrix.Thisuniquecompositiongivesthemsuchpropertiesaslowdensity,highthermalconductivity,goodtherma…     

Effect of strain on the electrical resistance of carbon nanotube/silicone rubber composites

Carbon nanotube (CNT) filled silicone rubber (SR) composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization.The effect of strain on the electrical resistance of the CNT/SR composites and the structure evolution of CNT networks during tensile deformation were investigated.The results showed that the CNT/SR composites had high sensitivity of resistance-strain response.In a wide strain range (0-125%),the change of resistivity could reach 107,which was closely associated with the evolution process of the conductive CNT-network structure.The volume expansion of the composites in the tensile process led to a gradual decrease in the volume fraction of CNTs with the strain increase.When CNT loading was lower than the percolation threshold,CNT network was in disconnected state with a rapid increase in electrical resistance of the composites.Furthermore,the CNT loading had remarkable effect on the sensitivity of resistance-strain response in the composites.