平顶山天安二矿石灰岩膨胀应力的试验研究

为了保证高温过程中岩石工程的稳定性和安全性,采用高温加热炉和扫描电子显微镜研究了高温双向约束条件下石灰岩膨胀应力的变化规律.试验结果表明,加热过程中石灰岩的膨胀应力随加热时间的增加而增加,各温度段之间呈现明显的线性关系,曲线斜率依次增大,不同温度水平曲线的转折点不同.随着温度的升高,石灰岩的膨胀应力不断增加,500℃后增加速度加快.恒温后,膨胀应力和加温时间关系曲线的斜率逐渐减小,但曲线仍平缓上升.高温过程中石灰岩膨胀应力的变化与其微观结构变化密切相关.     

砂岩与石灰岩热膨胀力试验研究

采用热膨胀力测试系统和孔隙测定装置研究了不同温度条件下砂岩和石灰岩的热膨胀力和孔隙率的变化规律.结果表明,2种岩石的温态热膨胀力变化过程基本相同,随着加热时间延长温态热膨胀力增大,最后趋于恒定;岩性对岩石温态热膨胀力有显著影响,在相同温度水平砂岩温态热膨胀力大于石灰岩,其最大值相差可达9倍;砂岩温态热膨胀力对温度的响应较慢,石灰岩对温态热膨胀力的响应较快,使砂岩恒温阶段的温态热膨胀力与升温结束时的膨胀力之比远大于石灰岩;岩石孔隙率随温度升高而增大的变化规律与温态热膨胀办的变化规律基本一致,但岩石孔隙率快速增大的起始温度比热膨胀力急剧增大的起始温度低,可能是岩石经较低温度作用后的冷却过程中残余应力导致岩石内部裂隙增加所致.     

CuZnAl形状记忆合金回复应力的研究

CuZnAl形状记忆合金如果作为管接头和一些驱动元件使用时,主要利用的是其形状回复时受阻（约束条件）进而产生的回复应力.对Cu-26.87%Zn-3.85%Al（wt%）合金在约束条件下,加热和冷却过程中回复应力的变化和不同的回复加热温度对回复应力的影响进行了研究.实验结果表明,约束条件下,实验合金的回复应力在加热过程中逐渐升高,在210～250 ℃范围内达到最大值242 MPa,随后逐渐降低;冷却过程中回复应力短暂下降后,逐步升高,在130～150 ℃范围内达到最大值204 MPa,随后大幅度下降;实验合金加热温度不能高于其再结晶温度,否则其回复应力会大幅度松弛;为了在加热和冷却过程中获得的回复应力最大,实验合金的最佳回复加热温度为200 ℃左右.     

温度与颗粒大小对污泥干燥特性的影响

4种不同质量等级的污泥颗粒在100～200 ℃下进行恒温干燥实验.结果表明,污泥干燥过程包括不稳定加热阶段、恒速干燥阶段、第一降速干燥阶段、第二降速干燥阶段4个阶段.在100～120 ℃时,污泥为弱强度干燥,临界含水质量分数受温度和颗粒大小影响不明显;在140～200℃时为高强度干燥,临界含水质量分数随温度升高或颗粒变大而增大.污泥干燥速率不仅取决于温度,还取决于污泥颗粒表面单位面积上实际用于蒸发水分的热量;减小污泥颗粒不仅可以增大比表面积,而且可以提高单位面积的干燥速率;而污泥的干燥时间与温度呈二次方关系,与污泥的表面积呈线性关系．     

用瞬态平面热源法测定花生油的导热系数

利用瞬态平面热源法测量花生油在30²40℃下的导热系数,主要探讨了温度、测试时间、加热功率等参数对花生油导热系数的影响.结果表明:在低温和高温段,其导热系数随着温度升高而非线性增大;为使测量结果可靠,需设置合适的试验参数,其导热系数随测试时间和加热功率增加而稍微增大;但是在高温下,如果测试时间和加热功率设置偏大,会导致花生油发生对流传热,使试验结果误差很大.     

片状食品微波干燥特性及温度和水份变化模拟

为掌握片状食品物料微波干燥规律并为生产应用提供参考 ,选择土豆为实验材料 ,在不同微波能水平 (2 .2～ 3.6W/g)和切片厚度 (2～ 6mm)下进行微波干燥实验 ,测定了微波干燥过程中物料温度和湿含量的变化。基于热量平衡方程和扩散方程建立相应的模型并采用有限差分法求解 ,实验结果与模型计算结果基本吻合。片状物料微波干燥经历预热、恒温、快速升温 3个阶段 :在预热阶段物料脱水少 ;在恒温阶段物料失去大部分水份 ,温度随切片厚度和微波功率 /质量比增大而增高 ;在快速升温阶段物料干燥速率减小 ,其温度快速上升。干燥速率不受物料切片厚度变化影响 ,但随微波功率 /质量比增加而增大。     

高温下（后）SP预应力空心板性能的试验研究

时SP预应力空心板高温下和高温后的性能进行了试验研究,受热温度分别为200,400和600℃.第1组板(板B1,B3,B5)经历相应时间的升温及恒温阶段后,进行高温下加载;第2组板(板B2,B4,B6)经历相应时间的升温、恒温及冷却阶段后,进行高温后加载.结果表明:SP板在升温恒温过程中截面内存在非线性的温度场有可能导致板件端部发生开裂,高温后冷却SP板出现了较大的反拱现象,反拱值B6为4.1 mm,B4为3.2 mm,B2为1.6 mm.SP板高温下加载比高温后加载的挠度增长速率快,但均表现出良好的延性破坏形式.     

高温水冷后循环加卸载条件下花岗岩的渗透性

针对水下隧道火灾喷水灭火降温过程中围岩的渗透性问题,对高温水冷后循环加卸载条件下花岗岩的渗透性开展了试验研究.以高温(25、400和900 ℃)水冷后的花岗岩试样为研究对象,通过轴向压应力循环加卸载过程中气体渗透性试验,研究花岗岩渗透率变化规律.结果表明:轴向压应力循环加卸载试验过程中,花岗岩试样的卸载模量随着高温水冷处理温度升高而减小,随着轴向压应力增大,卸载模量总体呈上升趋势,气体渗透率随温度升高而增大;花岗岩BET比表面积与BJH孔体积在900 ℃高温水冷后明显减小.     

HTRB600级高强钢筋高温后力学性能试验研究

为研究600 MPa级高强钢筋高温后的力学性能,对HTRB600级热处理高强钢筋进行高温后的拉伸试验。加热温度为20、200、300、400、500、600、700及800℃,在空气中冷却之后对其进行拉伸试验并测得其屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量及应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明:HTRB600级高强钢筋经历温度小于600℃时,其高温后的应力-应变曲线与常温下相比无明显变化;当经历温度达到700℃时,其高温后屈服强度与极限强度均下降为常温下的80%左右;当经历温度达到800℃时,其高温后屈服强度下降为常温下的60%左右,但极限强度与700℃时相差不多。高温对HTRB600级高强钢筋高温后弹性模量无明显影响。最后提出了HTRB600级高强钢筋的高温后应力-应变曲线简化计算模型。     

煤的低温氧化升温规律实验研究

对煤样进行系列恒温加热,得到煤样中心温度变化曲线以及各温度氧化后煤样的质量变化.分析表明:煤的氧化升温是由于煤中各级活性成分与氧发生放热反应造成的;贫煤约在220℃,280℃,330℃和490℃时,褐煤约在203℃,290℃以及368℃时出现明显的升温速率波峰,表明在这些温度点附近是各级活性成分集中发生反应的区域.     

Mechanical characteristics and microcosmic mechanisms of granite under temperature loads

The relationships between mechanical characteristics of rock and microcosmic mechanism at high temperatures were investigated by MTS815, as well as the stress-strain behavior of granite under the action of temperatures ranging from room tem-perature to 1200 ℃. Based on a micropore structure analyzer and SEM, the changes in rock porosity and micro'structural mor-phology of sample fractures and brittle-plastic characteristics under high temperatures were analyzed. The results are as follows: 1) Mechanical characteristics do not show obvious variations before 800 ℃; strength decreases suddenly after 800 ℃ and bearing capacity is almost lost at 1200 ℃. 2) Rock porosity increases with rising temperatures; the threshold temperature is about 800 ℃;at this temperature its effect is basically uniform with strength decreasing rapidly. 3) The failure type of granite is a brittle tensile fracture at temperatures below 800 ℃ which transforms into plasticity at temperatures higher than 800 ℃ and crystal formation takes place at this time. Chemical reactions take place at 1200 ℃. Failure of granite under high temperature is a common result of thermal stress as indicated by an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient, transformation to crystal formation of minerals and structural chemical reactions.     

高温状态下大理岩力学性能实验研究

采用电液伺服材料力学试验系统对常温~800℃高温作用下大理岩的力学性能进行了研究,考察了大理岩的全应力-应变曲线、峰值应力σp、峰值应变pε、弹性模量E等量的变化特征。结果表明:随受热温度升高大理岩的峰值应力和弹性模量不同程度上渐次降低,尤其是在不同温度段岩石强度降低具有突变性,而峰值应变不同程度渐次增长。800℃时大理岩的延性明显增强,应力达到峰值后,应变仍表现出缓慢增加特性,但最终大理岩破坏方式仍以脆断为主。研究结果一定程度上反映了大理岩在温度作用下内部结构变化的特征,可为相关岩体工程设计与研究提供参考。     

增湿条件下膨胀土隧道围岩的稳定性

增湿条件下,膨胀土的强度会降低并产生膨胀力,在两者的共同作用下,膨胀土隧道围岩稳定性会严重降低,有必要研究增湿条件下膨胀土隧道围岩的变形和衬砌受力。采用室内试验和数值模拟的方法对膨胀土隧道围岩稳定性进行研究,对不同含水率的重塑膨胀土进行剪切试验,得出摩擦角、黏聚力与含水率的拟合关系式,运用ABAQUS有限元软件对膨胀土隧道开挖过程进行仿真分析,并利用温度场模块模拟隧道围岩增湿膨胀,得出隧道增湿前后应力与位移的变化规律,同时设计正交试验,分析各因素对膨胀土浅埋隧道稳定性的影响。结果表明：围岩增湿之后,围岩拱腰处的应力值增加明显,拱顶和拱底处应力值减小;衬砌的拱底处纵向位移值增加,拱顶处纵向位移值减小。通过设计正交试验,采用极差和方差分析得到对膨胀土浅埋隧道围岩稳定性影响最大的因素为增湿强度,其次为覆跨比、膨胀厚度和膨胀系数。     

Effects of Compression Parameters on Deformation Behaviors of Semi-Solid ZA27 Alloys

1　IntroductionZinc -basedalloyscontaining 8% - 2 7%alumi num ,1 % - 3 %copperandamarginalqualityofmagne siumhavebeenobservedtobepotentialmaterials,whichcouldbeeffectivelyandeconomicallysubstitutedinplaceofbronzes,aluminumalloys,castironsandsteelsforava rietyofengineeringapplications[1,2 ].Inspiteofanumberofmerits,suchasgoodcastability,mechanicalpropertiesandexcellentwearresistance,thealloyssufferfromporos ity,especiallyforZA2 7alloy,duetoitswiderangeofso lidificationtemperature[2 ].Inrecenty…     

Experimental study on the mechanical properties of rocks at high temperature

The mechanical properties of marble, limestone, and sandstone as well as the stress-strain curve, the varying characteristics of the peak strength, the peak strain and elastic modulus were studied by using the MTS810 Rock Mechanics Servo-controlled Testing System under the action of temperatures rang- ing from room temperature to 800℃ . Results show that (1) the peak strength and elastic modulus of marble fluctuate at the temperature from normal to 400 ℃ ; and they decrease gradually over 400℃ . (2) With th...     

Effects of high temperature on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of hard coal

Coal is a common porous sedimentary rock whose microstructure and mechanical behavior are often affected by high temperature. In order to deeply investigate the effect of high temperature on the structure and mechanical properties of coal, six groups of coal samples with different heating temperatures were prepared. Various testing methods, including ultrasonic test, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and uniaxial compression test, were used in this study. The results showed that the physical and chemical change processes of coal samples under high temperature can be divided into two stages: the stage of drying and degassing and the stage of pyrolysis of the coal matrix. With the increase of heating temperature, the total porosity of coal samples increases, while the integrity and the deformation resistance of coal samples decrease. In addition, the elastic modulus and uniaxial compressive strength of the coal sample decrease with the increase of heating temperature. The Poisson's ratio decreases firstly and then increases with the increase of heating temperature.     

Differentiation and analysis on rock breaking characteristics of TBM disc cutter at different rock temperatures

In order to study rock breaking characteristics of tunnel boring machine(TBM) disc cutter at different rock temperatures,thermodynamic rock breaking mathematical model of TBM disc cutter was established on the basis of rock temperature change by using particle flow code theory and the influence law of interaction mechanism between disc cutter and rock was also numerically simulated.Furthermore,by using the linear cutting experiment platform,rock breaking process of TBM disc cutter at different rock temperatures was well verified by the experiments.Finally,rock breaking characteristics of TBM disc cutter were differentiated and analyzed from microscale perspective.The results indicate the follows.1) When rock temperature increases,the mechanical properties of rock such as hardness,and strength,were greatly reduced,simultaneously the microcracks rapidly grow with the cracks number increasing,which leads to rock breaking load decreasing and improves rock breaking efficiency for TBM disc cutter.2) The higher the rock temperature,the lower the rock internal stress.The stress distribution rules coincide with the Buzin Neske stress circle rules: the maximum stress value is below the cutting edge region and then gradually decreases radiant around; stress distribution is symmetrical and the total stress of rock becomes smaller.3) The higher the rock temperature is,the more the numbers of micro,tensile and shear cracks produced are by rock as well as the easier the rock intrusion,along with shear failure mode mainly showing.4) With rock temperature increasing,the resistance intrusive coefficients of rock and intrusion power decrease obviously,so the specific energy consumption that TBM disc cutter achieves leaping broken also decreases subsequently.5) The acoustic emission frequency remarkably increases along with the temperature increasing,which improves the rock breaking efficiency.     

岩石动态断裂韧度温度相关性的实验研究

利用CCCD—SHPB（CentralCrackedCircularDisk—SplitHopkinsonPressureBar）试验系统对花岗岩试件实施同一加载速率、不同温度下的纯I加载试验,进而研究环境温度对岩石类材料动态断裂性能的影响。实验过程中控制加载脉冲,使得测试试件的加载速率基本一致,测得不同温度下试件两端平均栽荷P随时间的变化关系,将最大P-max心裂纹圆盘应力强度因子墨公式,获得不同温度下中心裂纹巴西圆盘岩石试件的动态断裂韧度蜀。。测试结果表明,温度处于10—100℃时,花岗岩动态断裂韧度K-Id温度的升高逐步下降,近似呈线性关系。     

骨料类型对混凝土棱柱体高温后力学性能影响研究

对不同骨料类型的混凝土棱柱体经历不同温度、不同冷却方式后的力学性能进行研究.试验结果表明,棱柱体的峰值应力下降速度和峰值应变增长幅度均随温度的升高而变大;相同条件下高温喷水冷却后混凝土棱柱体的峰值应力下降速度和峰值应变增长幅度均大于高温自然冷却后的试验值;高温喷水冷却后硅质骨料混凝土棱柱体的峰值应力下降速度和应变增长速度分别为钙质骨料混凝土的1.08倍和1.58倍.这些研究成果为进一步研究混凝土结构的抗高温性能及其损伤评估提供了一定的参考.