Coupling dynamic equations of motor-driven elastic linkage mechanism with links fabricated from three-dimensional braided composite materials

A motor-driven linkage system with links fabricated from 3-dimensional braided composite materials was studied. A group of coupling dynamic equations of the system, including composite materials parameters, electromagnetism parameters of the motor and structural parameters of the link mechanism, were established by finite element method. Based on the air-gap field of non-uniform airspace of three-phase alternating current motor caused by the vibration eccentricity of rotor, the relation of electromechanical coupling at the actual running state was analyzed. And the motor element, which defines the transverse vibration and torsional vibration of the motor as its nodal displacement, was established. Then, based on the damping element model and the expression of energy dissipation of the 3-dimentional braided composite materials, the damping matrix of the system was established by calculating each order modal damping of the mechanism.     

秦氏旧宅厅堂木构架体系动力性能分析

为了保护现存文物建筑并对其进行维修设计,以秦氏旧宅厅堂木构架建筑为研究对象,建立有限元模型并进行动力性能分析。采用模态分析探讨木构架体系的动力特性,对木构架进行罕遏地震作用下的动力时程分析。结果表明：结构第1阶振型的自振周期为2．1127S,体现木构架建筑的长周期特性;纵向刚度小于横向刚度;节点刚度对结构振动模态影响显著;随着梁架层高度的增加,各梁架层的位移峰值随之增大;各梁架层加速度峰值随着梁架高度增加有减小的趋势,层间动力放大系数均在1左右;榫卯连接起到耗能减震的作用,其中七架梁层处的榫卯结构耗能效果最为显著;所得研究成果可为同类木构架体系的保护、修缮提供技术支持。     

曲轴强度多体动力学与有限元子模型法仿真

建立以曲轴系为核心的多柔性体动力学仿真系统,曲轴系及气缸体组件模型采用AVL Excite软件进行刚度与质量矩阵装配.在考虑轴承弹性流体动力学特性的条件下得到各轴颈轴心轨迹和油膜压力分布,利用有限元（FEA）子模型方法先求解曲柄臂整体模型的结果并驱动圆角子模型,得到危险工况下圆角精细有限元模型的各处动态应力历程及分布,最终使用高周疲劳应变寿命模型校核了圆角动态疲劳安全系数满足设计要求.对曲轴结构模态和运转条件下扭振响应的计算结果与实验值进行了对比,说明柔性体多体动力学结合有限元子模型方法进行曲轴动态疲劳强度的计算和校核是精度和效率均较高的一种计算方法.     

后张预应力摇摆墙动力耗能机制分析

为分析后张预应力摇摆墙的墙-基摇摆碰撞冲击阻尼在地震动能量输入中的能量耗散贡献。基于ABAQUS建立摇摆墙精细化模型,结合模态分析确定摇摆墙结构动力特性,模拟发生大侧移下摇摆墙自由衰减振动,获得墙顶位移、速度和加速度动力时程响应,以摇摆墙恢复系数作为冲击阻尼量化指标,综合评价了不同高宽比和预应力水平摇摆墙的包含碰撞耗能多机制耗能能力。结果表明:所提出的模型能够精确还原摇摆墙试验模型的动力响应;高宽比对摇摆墙动力特性影响显著,减小高宽比可明显提高碰撞耗能占比,最高为78.3%;初始预应力水平对摇摆墙动力特性和自由衰减振动响应影响并不明显,但可显著提高耗能能力,将耗能占比提高至36.8%。     

Finite element modeling and feedback control of piezoelectric smart structures

0　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＲｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｌａｒｇｅｓｉｚｅ ,ｌｏｗｓｔｉｆｆｎｅｓｓａｎｄｆｌｅｘｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｂｅ ｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓａｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ ,ｔｈｅｖｉ ｂｒａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｂｅｃｏｍｅｍｏｒｅｕｒｇｅｎｔｐｒｏｂ ｌｅｍ .ＴｈｅｉｄｅａｏｆＩｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄＰａｓｓｉｖｅａｎｄＡｃｔｉｖｅＶｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ (ＩＰＡＶＣ)ｉｓｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｂｙＮｅｕｂｅｒｔｉｎ 1993[1] …     

西安永宁门箭楼结构及抗震性能分析

为获取中国木结构古建筑保护和修缮中的技术参考依据,以西安城墙永宁门箭楼为研究对象,采用SAP2000有限元软件中摩擦摆隔振单元模拟柱脚平摆浮搁式连接、橡胶隔振单元模拟斗栱层及虚拟弹簧单元模拟榫卯连接,建立了结构空间有限元模型,并进行动力分析。通过3个模型(柱脚刚接、铰接和平摆浮搁连接)的模态对比分析,发现平摆浮搁连接方式能够延长结构的周期,其中前三阶周期变化较明显,分别比柱脚刚接、铰接时延长了约72％和24％;通过反应谱和动力时程分析,得到各个层面的动力放大系数,结果表明,木结构古建筑的隔震性能主要体现在柱脚、梁柱榫卯连接和铺作层部位;耗能分析结果表明,输入的地震能量大部分被结构自身的振型阻尼(平均74.32％)和结构的连接(11.89％)所消耗。     

消能支撑框架减震结构的动力时程分析

框架减震结构具有调谐质量减震、基础隔震和阻尼耗能减震等多种减震方式。本文采用消能支撑构成框架减震结构。首先建立了框架减震结构的结构动力模型得出减震结构运动方程,然后运用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行地震反应的线性时程分析,比较框架消能结构和框架抗震结构响应,结果表明,消能减震结构方案有明显的减震效果。     

Dynamic modeling and simulation for the rigid flexible coupling system with a non-tip mass

The rigid flexible coupling system with a mass at non-tip position of the flexible beam is studied in this paper. Using the theory about mechanics problems in a non-inertial coordinate system, the dynamic equations of the rigid flexible coupling system with dynamic stiffening are established. It is clearly elucidated for the first time that, dynamic stiffening is produced by the coupling effect of the centrifugal inertial load distributed on the beam and the transverse vibration deformation of the beam. The modeling approach in this paper successfully solves problems of popular modeling methods nowadays: the derivation process is too complex by using only one dynamic principle; a clearly theoretical mechanism for dynamic stiffening can't be offered. First, the mass at non-tip position is incorporated into the continuous dynamic equations of the system by use of the Dirac function and the Heaviside function. Then, based on the conclusions of orthogonalization about the normal constrained modes, the finite dimensional state space equations suitable for controller design are obtained. The numerical simulation results show that: dynamic stiffening is included in the first-order model established in this paper, which indicates the dynamic responses of the rigid flexible coupling system with large overall motion accurately. The results also show that the mass has a softening effect on the dynamic behavior of the flexible beam, and the effect would be more obvious when the mass has a larger mass, or lies closer to the tip of the beam.     

Dynamic model building and simulation for mechanical main body of lunar lander

Focused on the dynamics problems of a lunar lander during landing process, the whole process was analysed in detail, and the linear elastic model of the moon soil was established by means of experiments-analogic method. Combining the way of elastic impact with the way of velocity replacement, the dynamics model of damping free vibration dynamics model with 3-degree of freedom(DOF) for lunar lander is obtained according to the vibration mechanics elementary theory. Based on Lagrange equations and the energy principle, the damping free vibration differential equations for the lunar lander with 3-DOF are derived and the equations are solved in simulation ways by means of ADAMS software. The conclusions obtained can be used for the design and manufacture of lunar lander.     

考虑桩体剪切变形的分数导数黏弹性土层中单桩水平振动

建立了分数导数黏弹性（FDV）土层的水平振动控制方程,在Novak平面应变假定的基础上,求得FDV土体的水平动力等效刚度和阻尼.利用等效Winkler动力弹簧-阻尼器模型描述桩基和土体之间的动力相互作用,将桩体简化为Timoshenko梁模型,在同时考虑桩体弯曲和剪切变形的情况下建立了单桩水平振动的控制方程,求得了考虑桩体剪切变形的FDV土层中单桩的水平动力阻抗,讨论了分数导数的阶数、土体本构模型参数和桩体剪力形状系数对桩顶水平动力阻抗的影响.研究表明：对FDV土层中单桩的水平动力阻抗,采用Euler梁模型和Timoshenko梁模型得到的结果存在较大差异;分数导数的阶数主要对桩顶水平动力阻抗随频率变化曲线的峰值有的影响;FDV土体本构模型参数Tσ/Tε越小,桩顶的水平动力阻抗越大.桩体剪力变形系数对桩顶水平动力阻抗有较大影响.     

具有被动约束控制装置的柔性机械臂动力学分析

研究了具有被动约束装置的柔性机械臂的动力响应.由于转动梁具有强非线性、强耦合的特性,因此,采用la-grange方法和Rayleigh-Ritz方法建立机械臂的动力学模型,并在时域中分析其动力响应.该机械臂附加有约束层和粘弹性材料层在铅垂面内转动,末端承受一集中质量.数值仿真表明,约束阻尼层不但能减少弹性振动的振幅,而且能很快将振动衰减掉.     

汽车随机振动的建模与仿真

以整车九自由度模型为对象,用有限元思想将汽车振动结构离散。通过单元位移变换得到单元刚度阵和阻尼阵。按照单元位移在结构位移列阵中的位置组装汽车振动数学模型的系数矩阵。经过强迫位移约束处理,得到汽车振动数学模型。用有限元的思想求取振动响应量,应用虚拟激励理论实现汽车振动响应仿真。结果表明:建模与仿真相结合为复杂汽车随机振动分析提供了可行的方法。     

大型射电望远镜舱索结构变形模型与原型的相似性

建立了大型射电望远镜舱索结构的运动微分方程,并由此研究了模型与原型的相似条件．针对模型存在几何变形的特殊问题,从主要动力相似条件出发,导出了用已知几何比尺表示的频率比尺、风速比尺等典型相似性常数．进一步,基于模型振动实验和相似性分析,预测了原型的固有频率和随机风振幅值,预测结论与非线性有限元动力仿真结果吻合．     

敷设约束阻尼薄壁圆柱壳的振动特性

为分析约束阻尼对薄壁圆柱壳振动特性的影响,应用哈密顿原理结合瑞利-李兹法求解敷设约束阻尼圆柱壳的动力学方程.得出自由振动时的固有频率、损耗因子的计算公式;应用模态叠加法计算圆柱壳上任意一点的频率响应.提出能量耗散系数,将其作为阻尼效果的评价标准,用来分析约束阻尼结构各参数对阻尼效果的影响,并与损耗因子进行比较.结果表明:约束阻尼可以有效地抑制薄壁圆柱壳振动的传递;在指定频带范围内能量耗散系数能够作为阻尼效果的评价标准;阻尼材料阻尼系数、约束层弹性模量、约束层厚度、阻尼层厚度均会对阻尼效果产生影响.     

悬索桥断索动力响应有限元模型参数研究

采用有限元方法（FEM）建立考虑主缆局部振动影响因素的悬索桥断索动力分析模型,研究主缆局部振动对悬索桥断索动力响应的影响程度. 对主缆物理抗弯刚度、单元网格密度、索夹质量、模型阻尼比以及吊索应力初始状态等因素进行参数分析,给出提高计算结果精度的建议. 结果表明：在进行悬索桥断索动力分析时,主缆局部振动对计算结果精度具有不可忽略的影响;有限元模型中主缆物理弯曲刚度、单元网格密度和索夹质量均是影响主缆局部振动的关键参数. 结构整体模态阻尼和主缆局部阻尼均能有效抑制断索点主缆振动,分析模型须考虑局部主缆单元阻尼和结构整体模态阻尼的差异. 结构断索动力响应随着断裂吊索初始应力增大而增大,结构断索响应动力放大系数变化幅度不大.     

Dynamic modeling and analysis of 3-RRS parallel manipulator with flexible links

The dynamic modeling and solution of the 3-(R)RS spatial parallel manipulators with flexible links were investigated. Firstly, a new model of spatial flexible beam element was proposed, and the dynamic equations of elements and branches of the parallel manipulator were derived. Secondly, according to the kinematic coupling relationship between the moving platform and flexible links, the kinematic constraints of the flexible parallel manipulator were proposed. Thirdly, using the kinematic constraint equations and dynamic model of the moving platform, the overall system dynamic equations of the parallel manipulator were obtained by assembling the dynamic equations of branches. Furthermore, a few commonly used effective solutions of second-order differential equation system with variable coefficients were discussed. Newmark numerical method was used to solve the dynamic equations of the flexible parallel manipulator. Finally, the dynamic responses of the moving platform and driving torques of the 3-RRS parallel mechanism with flexible links were analyzed through numerical simulation. The results provide important information for analysis of dynamic performance, dynamics optimization design, dynamic simulation and control of the 3-RRS flexible parallel manipulator.     

非线性电涡流惯质阻尼器力学性能仿真与试验

为提高板式电涡流阻尼器(ECD)的耗能减振效率,融合旋转式电涡流阻尼技术与滚珠丝杠式两节点惯质单元,发展与研制了一种非线性电涡流惯质阻尼器(NEMD).首先阐明了NEMD的整体构造与工作原理,然后综合半理论半仿真分析、三维电磁场有限元仿真分析与样机力学性能测试,获得了NEMD的轴向出力特性,提出了旋转式电涡流阻尼计算分析方法,最后总结建立了NEMD的两阶段设计方法.结果表明:NEMD实现了阻尼器惯性质量与电涡流阻尼的双重增效,显著提升了ECD的耗能减振效率;随着NEMD轴向速度的增加,电涡流阻尼力表现出先上升后下降的非线性特征;综合半理论半仿真与三维电磁场有限元仿真的电涡流阻尼力预测方法可以满足NEMD设计要求.     

有阻尼吸振器参数优化与应用

针对某一特定频率下的振动问题,优化有阻尼吸振器参数来对其进行吸振。先对悬臂梁进行模态分析,得到对振动贡献最大的频率并确定吸振器的安装位置;然后,应用单自由度质量感应法得到动力吸振器在主振动系统上安装位置点的等价质量和等价刚度,并由其组成一个等效的单自由度系统;建立吸振器的数学模型,并基于理论推导出具有单自由度的动力吸振器的解析解,得到吸振器的3个参数;以悬臂梁为例,应用Abaqus软件仿真附加吸振器前后测试点的振动响应。仿真结果显示,安装动力吸振器后,测试点的振动得到显著降低,证实了吸振器的有效性。     

聚氨酯-橡胶复合阻尼材料减振优化设计

隔离自由阻尼是在传统的自由阻尼结构上建立起来的一种减振处理方法。本文以隔离自由阻尼理论为基础,提出以硬质聚氨酯泡沫作为隔离层、橡胶为阻尼层制备成用于抑制结构振动的聚氨酯-橡胶隔离复合阻尼材料。利用模态叠加原理和Lagrange方程,在考虑阻尼层剪切变形的基础上,推导出了隔离自由阻尼悬臂梁的控制方程。在钢板悬臂梁上敷设隔离层与阻尼层厚度比值为1～3以及具有分段式隔离层的聚氨酯-橡胶复合阻尼材料,并通过单点锤击实验从幅频曲线、复合损耗因子、模态频率等方面对悬臂梁模型的减振性能进行了对比分析。结果表明：隔离层与阻尼层的厚度比值由1增加至3时,模型的振动响应峰值降低了13%～62%,同时损耗因子明显升高;当厚度比超过1.5时,材料对模型低阶模态的减振效果持续提高,而高阶模态的减振效果趋于稳定;分段式隔离层的设计降低了隔离层的抗弯刚度,扩大了阻尼的层的处理面积,模型振动响应峰值降低了27%以上,且并未显著增加阻尼处理的附加质量。研究结果揭示出：在聚氨酯-橡胶隔离复合阻尼材料的阻尼层厚度不变的情况下,增大隔离层与阻尼层的厚度比有助于提高复合阻尼材料的减振性能;分段式隔离层的设计在此之上能够进一步改善复合材料的阻尼性能。     

预应力混凝土部分斜拉桥的阻尼特性

以塔梁固结、墩梁分离的预应力混凝土部分斜拉桥为对象,通过桥梁的振动试验分析这类结构的阻尼特性,在此基础上应用非正交阻尼理论研究构件阻尼与振型阻尼比之间的关系,验证在小阻尼条件下结构振型阻尼比可以通过构件阻尼效果线性叠加得到的假定.讨论应变能比例阻尼理论计算结构振型阻尼比的特性,并利用实测和理论结果的对比探讨这类结构的构件阻尼比.结果表明,预应力混凝土部分斜拉桥的竖弯和扭转振型的阻尼比约为1%,小于普通预应力混凝土连续梁桥;应变能比例阻尼理论可近似估算结构的振型阻尼比,预应力混凝土主梁、混凝土墩塔、钢拉索和场地的材料阻尼比建议分别在1.0%、1.2%、0.1%、4.0%附近取值．