矿渣水泥中掺用大量粉煤灰的抗压强度特性

在矿渣水泥中大量掺用粉煤灰来生产水泥是一种新技术。这种复合水泥(代号P.O)由于参入了两种活性混合料,较单一混合料的水泥具有更好的使用效果,其性能一般受所用两种混合料的矿物成分、比表面积、掺量及配合比的影响。本文用矿渣水泥、粉煤灰、激发剂及填充料四种成分按一定比例配制复合水泥后,着重探讨了激发剂以及填充料对其抗压强度的影响。其结果表明,在矿渣水泥中大量掺用粉煤灰时,必须添加少量的激发剂,才能满足早期强度的技术性能,单独使用各种激发剂对早期强度的提高并没有显著的效果,各种激发剂之间存在最佳配合比。     

Effect of coal gangue with different kaolin contents on compressive strength and pore size of blended cement paste

The effects of activated coal gangue on compressive strength, porosity and pore size distribution of hardened cement pastes were investigated. Activated coal gangue with two different kaolin contents, one higher and one lower, were used to partially replace Portland cement at 0%, 10%, and 30% by weight. The water to binder ratio（w/b） of 0.5 was used for all the blended cement paste mixes. Experimental results indicate that the blended cement of activated coal gangue mortar with higher kaolin mineral content has a higher compressive strength than that with lower kaolin mineral content. The porosity and pore size of blended cement mortar were significantly affected by the replacement of activated coal gangue.     

基于矿渣水泥3d强度推测28d强度的研究

阐述矿渣硅酸盐水泥的强度增长是受水泥熟料的组成、结构、矿渣质量与掺量等因素的影响.并论述了不同企业的矿渣硅酸盐水泥的强度发展过程不尽相同,但是都有相同的增长规律.笔者利用辽宁地区矿渣硅酸盐水泥3d强度推测28d强度,经统计分析与评价,建立的推测模型可以利用地方水泥的特点,较好地评价水泥的28d强度,并应用于实际工程,对科学利用水泥活性在保证工程质量的前提下降低成本十分有益.     

Effects of binder strength and aggregate size on the compressive strength and void ratio of porous concrete

To test the influence of binder strength, porous concretes with 4 binder strengths between 30.0-135.0 MPa and 5 void ra tios between 15%-35% were tested. The results indicated that for the same aggregate, the rates of strength reduction due to the in creases in void ratio were the same for binders with different strengths. To study the influence of aggregate size, 3 single size aggre gates with nominal sizes of 5.0, 13.0 and 20.0 mm (Nos. 7, 6 and 5 according to JIS A 5001) were used to make porous concrete. The strengths of porous concrete are found to be dependent on aggregate size. The rate of strength reduction of porous concrete with small aggregate size is found to be higher than that with larger aggregate size. At the same void ratio, the strength of porous concrete with large aggregate is larger than that with small aggregate. The general equations for porous concrete are related to compressive strength and void ratio for different binder strengths and aggregate sizes.     

搅拌时间对粉煤灰水泥净浆流动性及早期抗压强度的影响

影响粉煤灰水泥净浆的流动性与早期抗压强度等问题一个重要原因就是拌合是否充分,搅拌时间是否合适。现有的相关规范中对于拌合时间的规定大都针对普通混凝土,随着高性能混凝土的发展,尤其是粉煤灰混凝土近几年来的广泛使用,导致现有的拌合时间规定无法满足粉煤灰混凝土均匀性的控制要求。为此,通过初步研究不同拌合时间对不同掺量的粉煤灰水泥净浆流动性及早期抗压强度的影响,最终确定合理的粉煤灰水泥净浆拌合时间,供进一步研究与工程应用参考。     

超声检测灌注桩混凝土抗压强度的研究

为了实现灌注桩混凝土施工期强度的推定,保证基桩质量,应用统计分析的方法,通过对不同龄期,不同设计强度等级的立方体试块的声速率定,建立了混凝土声速与抗压强度之间的回归方程,并通过模型桩检测数据进行验证.实验结果表明:该方程完全能够满足地区灌注桩测强的要求.通过超声测强曲线完全能够实现灌注桩混凝土强度的推定,超声法检测灌注桩抗压强度是可行的.     

Early age compressive strength of pastes by electrical resistivity method and maturity method

The compressive strength development of Portland cement pastes was investigated by the electrical resistivity method and the maturity method. The experiments were carried out on the cement pastes with different water-cement ratios at different curing temperatures. The results show that the application of the maturity method has limitation to obtain the strength. It is found that both of the compressive strength and the electrical resistivity follow hyperbolic trend for all the mixes. The hyperbolic equation of each mix is obtained to estimate the ultimate resistivity value which can probably be reached. The relationship between electrical resistivity and compressive strength of the cement pastes is established based on the test results and interpreted by the empirical Archie equation and a strength-porosity equation. The relationship between the electrical resistivity after temperature correction and the compressive strength was linear and independent of curing temperature and water-cement ratio.     

碱矿渣混凝土配合比参数选择与设计方法

通过系统研究各配制参数（如：碱组分、水胶比、胶凝材料用量等）对碱矿渣混凝土28 d抗压强度的影响,深入分析了28 d抗压强度分布规律与方差间的关系。结果表明：碱矿渣混凝土28 d抗压强度符合正态分布,且与水胶比呈明显反比关系。在此基础上,提出了适用于碱矿渣混凝土的回归方程,确定了公式中回归系数α_a和α_b分别为0.796和0.897,得出了碱矿渣混凝土配合比参数选择与设计的具体方法。     

CA砂浆强度影响因素及强度机理研究

为制得满足高速铁路建设的CA砂浆,制备了不同配比的CA砂浆,通过考查CA砂浆的强度并利用扫描电子显微镜观测微观结构,研究砂的级配、砂灰比、乳化沥青与水泥比等因素对CA砂浆固化体不同龄期强度的影响．研究表明：选择粒径为0．15—0．3mm与0．3—0．6mm的组合砂能有效地降低高强型CA砂浆材料的分离度,而对CA砂浆28...     

水泥改良冻土过程水分转化规律及对强度的影响

为保证多年冻土区地基的稳定性及解决多年冻土区土方材料短缺的问题,分别使用硫铝酸盐水泥(SAC)和普通硅酸盐水泥(OPC)对冻土进行改良。通过无侧限抗压强度试验得到两种水泥在不同掺量及不同养护龄期下的强度特征,同时,使用离心机法及冻干法对水泥改良冻土过程中的自由水、矿物水及结合水的变化进行测定,揭示水泥改良冻土过程中的水分转化规律,并建立矿物水、结合水量与水泥改良冻土强度的内在联系。结果表明:硫铝酸盐水泥改良冻土的强度明显高于普通硅酸盐水泥,并且具有显著的早强特性。硫铝酸盐水泥改良冻土在养护初期水分转化速率较普通硅酸盐水泥快,但矿物水及结合水的转化量少。硫铝酸盐水泥改良冻土中的矿物水和结合水对强度的贡献更为突出。硫铝酸盐水泥更适合用于冻土的改良。     

铁尾矿粉对碱矿渣泡沫混凝土力学性能的影响

为了研究铁尾矿粉对碱矿渣泡沫混凝土力学性能的影响,用掺入了铁尾矿粉的碱矿渣泡沫混凝土制成100 mm×100 mm×100 mm的立方体试块,分别将混凝土试块养护3、7、28 d后,测试其抗压强度。结果表明：随着铁尾矿粉碱矿渣泡沫混凝土表观密度的增加,其抗压强度不断增大;当铁尾矿粉的掺量从10%增加到30%时,碱矿渣泡沫混凝土的抗压强度逐渐增大;当铁尾矿粉的掺量从30%增加到50%时,碱矿渣泡沫混凝土的抗压强度逐渐减小,且强度损失较明显,随着铁尾矿粉细度的提高,碱矿渣泡沫混凝土的强度逐渐增大。     

高温历程对碱矿渣混凝土残余抗压强度的影响

为了探明高温历程对碱矿渣混凝土残余抗压强度的影响,对不同升温速率（5、10 ℃/min）、恒温时间（1、2 h）和冷却方式（自然冷却、浇水冷却）作用后的碱矿渣混凝土残余抗压强度进行表征,并通过胶凝材料基体微观结构的高温变化对上述强度变化进行分析。结果表明：升温速率较快的情况下,当温度低于400 ℃时,热应力影响不明显,由于受热时长较短,残余强度较高;随着温度升至800 ℃,热应力影响显著,混凝土残余强度持续显著降低;800 ℃之后,热应力达到一定程度,较短的受热时长保证了较高的残余强度。恒温时间的延长会加剧胶凝材料基体结构及基体-骨料界面过渡区的劣化效应,从而引起混凝土残余强度的降低。浇水冷却降低了水化产物C-S-H凝胶的分解温度,并在混凝土内产生热应力,残余强度损失明显。     

碱激发矿渣混凝土空心砌块砌体抗压强度试验

为考察碱激发矿渣陶粒混凝土空心砌块(alkali-activated slag ceramsite concrete hollow block,简称AASCHB)砌体的轴心受压性能,完成了由强度等级为MU7.5、MU10、MU15的AASCHB和强度等级为Mb20、Mb25、Mb30的碱激发矿渣陶砂砂浆(alkali-activated slag mortar with pottery sand,简称AASM)砌筑的36个砌块砌体试件的轴心受压试验.试验结果表明:AASCHB砌体的抗压强度随AASCHB抗压强度的增大而增大;而AASM抗压强度对砌体抗压强度的影响相对复杂.用AASCHB和AASM砌筑的砌块砌体轴心抗压强度试验值普遍低于按GB 50003—2011《砌体结构设计规范》砌体轴心抗压强度计算公式的预估值.在《砌体结构设计规范》砌体轴心抗压强度计算公式的基础上,通过引入AASM特性系数,调整砂浆强度影响修正系数,建立了以AASCHB抗压强度和AASM抗压强度为关键参数的这类新型砌块砌体的轴心抗压强度计算公式.     

Setting and Strength Characteristics of Alkali-activated Carbonatite Cementitious Materials with Ground Slag Replacement

The effect of the ground granulated blast-furnace slag （ GGBFS ） addition, the modulus n （ mole rutio of SiO2 to Na2O ） and the concentrution of sodium silicate solution on the compressive strength of the material, i e alkuli-activated carbonatite cemeutitious material （ AACCM for short ） was investiguted. In addition, it is found that barium chloride has a sutisfiwtory retarding effect on the setting of AACCM in which more than 20% （ by mass ） ground carbonatite was replaced by GGBFS. As a result, a cementitious material, in which ground carbonatite rock served as dominative starting material, with 3-day and 28-day compressive strength greuter them 30 MPa and 60 MPa and with continuous strength gain beyond 90 days was obtained.     

The testing strength curves of lightweight aggregate concrete by rebound method and ultrasonic-rebound combined method

The strength curves of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) were tested based on detecting LWAC with density of 1 400–1 900 kg/m³ and LWAC with strength grade of LC15–LC50 by rebound method and ultrasonic-rebound combined method. The results show that the common measured strength curves tested by above two methods can not satisfy the required accuracy of LWAC strength test. In addition, specified compressive strength curves of testing LWAC by rebound method and ultrasonic-rebound combined method are obtained, respectively.     

镁质水泥复合固化剂固化有机质土的抗压强度模型

为了给实际工程中镁质水泥复合固化剂对有机质土的加固效果提供评价依据,以镁质水泥固化土（TZ18固化土）的无侧限抗压强度作为评价指标,分别研究有机质、水、固化剂的质量分数以及龄期对无侧限抗压强度的影响规律. 结果表明：TZ18固化土的无侧限抗压强度随有机质质量分数的增加呈二次函数形式降低,随水和固化剂质量分数的增加分别呈幂函数形式降低和提高,随龄期的增加呈自然对数形式增长. 基于此规律,建立TZ18固化土的抗压强度预测模型. 算例分析表明,该模型能较好地预测任意有机质、水、固化剂的质量分数以及龄期下的TZ18固化土的无侧限抗压强度.     

甲酸钙对水泥浆体抗压强度、水化及孔结构的影响

研究了甲酸钙对普通硅酸盐水泥浆体和硅酸盐水泥浆体抗压强度的影响,采用XRD、压汞法和灼烧法,测试了甲酸钙对水泥浆体水化产物组成、孔结构及化学结合水的影响。结果表明：甲酸钙能加速水泥的水化,促进Ca（OH）2的生成,提高水泥浆体的水化程度;甲酸钙能明显改善水泥浆体的孔结构,减少孔隙率和细化孔径;甲酸钙对P·O42．5普通硅酸盐水泥浆体早期强度的提升要比对P·152．5硅酸盐水泥的效果好。     

The influence of mineral admixtures on bending strength of mortar on the premise of equal compressive strength

The influence of mineral admixtures on bending strength of mortar on the premise of equal compressive strength was investigated. Three mineral admixtures (fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag and steel slag) were used. The adding amount of mineral admixture in this study ranges from 22.5% to 60%, and the water-to-binder ratio ranges from 0.34 to 0.50. With equal compressive strength, different mortars can be arranged in such a descending order with their bending strength: cement-fly ash mortar, cement mortar, cement-GGBS mortar, and cement-steel slag mortar. With the same compressive strength, the higher the steel slag content and water-to-binder ratio, the lower the bending strength of mortars. However, the effect of mineral mixture content and water-to-binder ratio on the bending strength of cement-fly ash mortar and cement-GGBS mortar is far inconspicuous.     

不同强度等级再生混凝土抗折性能的研究

为研究不同强度等级再生混凝土的抗折性能,设计了C30,C40,C50三个强度等级的再生混凝土,并对其抗折强度、抗压强度进行试验研究.试验结果表明:同一强度等级,再生混凝土可以达到甚至超过普通混凝土的抗折强度,再生混凝土的抗折强度与立方体抗压强度比值与普通混凝土接近;随着混凝土强度等级的升高,其抗折强度与立方体抗压强度的比值逐渐减小.     

Analysis of Pore Structures and Their Relations with Strength of Hardened Cement Paste

Three cement samples were prepared, including OPC consisted of 100wt%^ portland cement. PFA consisted of 70wt% portland cement and 30wt% fly-ash, and CA consisted of 70wt% portland cement and 30wt% modified fly ash. The strength of hardened cement paste of these samples was tested and their pore structures were determincd by a mercury intrusion porosimeter. Moreover, the data of the pore structures of three samples were comprehensively analyzed. The relations between the pore structures and the compressive strength of the three samples were studied. The experimental results show that the relations between the porosity determined by the mercury intrusion porosimeter and the compressive strength are not notable, and the total pore surface area, the average pore diameter and the median pore diameter could be used to explain the difference of the strength of the tested samples.