微波遥感的发展与应用

微波遥感作为遥感技术的一个分支,是20世纪70年代发展起来的一门年轻的学科.着重以我国微波遥感发展的历程为例,回顾了三十多年来微波遥感领域学术与技术的迅速发展,比较分析了微波遥感对于可见光和红外遥感有着不可比拟的优越性,因而在海洋、冰雪、大气、测绘、农业、灾害监测等方面都有着广泛的应用.同时提出了目前我国在微波遥感领域存在的若干不足并指出了今后的研究方向.     

Undrained dynamical behavior of Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand under cyclic loading

A series of dynamic behavior tests on Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand were performed by using the WFI cyclic triaxial apparatus made in England. The dynamic behaviors of Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand under different static deviator stress levels and cyclic stress ratios were studied. Through comparing the effective stress path under cyclic loading with static loading, the processes of liquefaction of saturated Nanjing flake-shaped fine sand with development of dynamic pore-water pressure, including the initial compact state, compression state and dilative state, were investigated. The variation of the shear stiffness with the number of cycles and cyclic strain was investigated by analyzing the secant shear modulus in each unload-reload loop of dynamic stress-strain relationship. And by means of the exponential function, the empirical equations of the relationship between secant shear modulus Gsec, shear modulus ratio Gsec/Gmax and cyclic strain ε were established based on series of test results. The results show that according to different combinations of static deviator stress and cyclic stress, two kinds of failure patterns with deviator stress reversal or no deviator stress reversal are observed in the samples tested in this series, including cyclic mobility and the failure of accumulation residual strain. In addition, the degradation of dynamic shear modulus is due to the development of vibration pore-water pressure and it is observed that the shear modulus reduces with the progressive number of cycles.     

Sand deposit-detecting method and its application in model test of sand flow

Against the background of the sand-flow foundation treatment engineering of Guangzhou Zhoutouzui variable cross-section immersed tunnel, a kind of sand deposit-detecting method was devised on the basis of full-scale model test of sand-flow method. The real-time data of sand-deposit height and radius were obtained by the self-developed sand-deposit detectors. The test results show that the detecting method is simple and has high precision. In the use of sand-flow method, the sand-carrying capability of fluid is limited, and sand particles are all transported to the sand-deposit periphery through crater, gap and chutes after the sand deposit formed. The diffusion range of the particles outside the sand-deposit does not exceed 2.0 m. Severe sorting of sand particles is not observed because of the unique oblique-layered depositing process. The temporal and spatial distributions of gap and chutes directly affect the sand-deposit expansion, and the expansion trend of the average sand-deposit radius accords with quadratic time-history curve.     

Field study of plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile

The compositions, technical principles and construction equipments of a new piling method used for ground improvement plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile were introduced. The results from static load tests on single piles with different forms of pile shoes and on their composite foundations were analyzed. The distribution patterns of axial force, shaft friction and toe resistance were studied based on the measurements taken from buried strain gauges. From the point of engineering application, the pile has merits in convenient quality control, high bearing capacity and reliable quality, showing higher reasonability, advancement and suitability than other ground improvement methods. The pile can be adopted properly to take place of ordinary ground improvement method, achieving greater economical and social benefits.     

予岂好辩哉?予不得已也——《孟子》一书对孟子辩者形象的塑造

长于论辩,是《孟子》散文的突出特征.《孟子》一书通过对孟子言行的记录,不仅表现了孟子的思想和理论,亦成功地为后人展示了一个鲜活的辩者形象.孟子与时人的论辩涉及政治、经济、伦理道德、哲学等诸多领域;通过对旁征博引、因势利导、诱敌入彀、归谬反驳、执经行权等论辩方法的娴熟驾驭,表现出鲜明的个性特点.     

爱的阶梯——析克里斯蒂娜·罗塞蒂诗歌主题变换

克里斯蒂娜一生孤独迷离,她弃绝人间的舒适享乐全心追求永恒的精神快乐.诗歌是她生活的真实写照:从初恋失败,父亲病逝,到中年全方位的社交活动,再到孤独的晚年隐退.她的诗歌也呈现出统一协调的三部曲:从温婉细腻的抒情诗,到内涵丰富的叙事诗,再到热烈苍凉的祈祷文.爱是诗人背后最隐秘的缘由.为寻求心灵的平静,她试图在爱中找到永恒,却一次次被爱推着向前走:从人世爱恋到社会爱心,再回归上帝.     

Influencing factors of compressive strength of solidified inshore saline soil using SH lime-ash

Through unconfined compressive strength test,influencing factors on compressive strength of solidified inshore saline soil with SH lime-ash,ratio of lime-ash(1-K),quantity of lime-ash,age,degree of compression and salt content were studied.The results show that because inshore saline soil has special engineering characteristic,more influencing factors must be considered compared with ordinary soil for the perfect effect of solidifying.     

一种风幕式抽油烟机的实验研究

通过对厨房油烟扩散机理的分析和模型实验,研究了影响油烟控制的各种因素,采用实验与计算流体力学仿真技术相结合的方法,对不同情况下油烟罩的油烟控制性能进行了比较、分析,设计出了一种新型节能型抽油烟机。     

Creep testing and viscous behavior research on carbon constructional quality steel under high temperature

Creep tests under at a certain temperature and different stress levels were performed on two carbon constructional quality steels at a certain stress level and different temperatures,and their creep curves at high temperature were obtained based on analyzing the testing data.Taking 45 steel at a certain temperature and stress as the example,the integral creep constitutive equation and the differential stress-strain constitutive relationship were established based on the relevant rheological model,and the integral core function was also obtained.Simultaneously,the viscous coefficients denoting the viscous behavior in visco-plastic constitutive equation were determined by taking use of the creep testing data.Then the viscous coefficients of three carbon steels(20 steel,35 steel and 45 steel) were compared and analyzed.The results show that the viscosity is different due to different materials at the same temperature and stress.     

Optimization of rheological parameter for micro-bubble drilling fluids by multiple regression experimental design

In order to optimize plastic viscosity of 18 mPa·s circulating micro-bubble drilling fluid formula,orthogonal and uniform experimental design methods were applied,and the plastic viscosities of 36 and 24 groups of agent were tested,respectively.It is found that these two experimental design methods show drawbacks,that is,the amount of agent is difficult to determine,and the results are not fully optimized.Therefore,multiple regression experimental method was used to design experimental formula.By randomly selecting arbitrary agent with the amount within the recommended range,17 groups of drilling fluid formula were designed,and the plastic viscosity of each experiment formula was measured.Set plastic viscosity as the objective function,through multiple regressions,then quadratic regression model is obtained,whose correlation coefficient meets the requirement.Set target values of plastic viscosity to be 18,20 and 22 mPa·s,respectively,with the trial method,5 drilling fluid formulas are obtained with accuracy of 0.000 3,0.000 1 and 0.000 3.Arbitrarily select target value of each of the two groups under the formula for experimental verification of drilling fluid,then the measurement errors between theoretical and tested plastic viscosity are less than 5%,confirming that regression model can be applied to optimizing the circulating of plastic-foam drilling fluid viscosity.In accordance with the precision of different formulations of drilling fluid for other constraints,the methods result in the optimization of the circulating micro-bubble drilling fluid parameters.     

勐滨煤矿边坡滑坡的分析与治理

边坡的稳定性直接影响着露天矿的安全生产及经济效益,是矿山安全及技术管理的核心内容。结合勐滨煤矿近年边坡变形破坏情况,从规划、施工、地形、地层岩性、水文地质条件等方面阐述了边坡变形破坏的影响因素及原因。针对影响边坡稳定性因素,提出了合理布置采场位置、剥离方法等综合治理措施,以确保边坡稳定及采场安全。     

坡面冲刷的临界坡度的计算分析

分析了土质边坡临界坡度理论．通过坡面流拖曳力法、坡面流量法和坡面流挟砂力法对临界坡度进行了详细地分析计算,得出了坡面冲刷临界坡度范围,并由此分析得出目前公路边坡冲刷问题严重的一个原因就是由静力稳定性设计方法计算得到的安全坡度与临界坡度十分接近．     

黄土坡面水蚀因子对坡面侵蚀量的影响研究

以黄土坡面为研究对象,建立土壤侵蚀评价和预报模型,通过室内径流冲刷模拟试验,研究了坡面径流水深及流速的变化规律,分析了坡面径流水动力要素对坡面侵蚀量的影响。结果表明:在土壤侵蚀过程中,坡面径流水深和流速的变化极为复杂,具有时空分布多样性特点,但总体上随径流冲刷流量的增加而增大。通过分析坡面侵蚀量与水蚀因子的关系,建立了坡面侵蚀模型多元回归方程。     

水平凸型边坡破坏分析

本文根据水平凸型边坡的破坏机理,建立了一套适用于计算水平凸型边坡稳定性的三维极限平衡方法,并用这一方法对水平凸型边坡的稳定性进行了研究。当相对曲率半径R_2/H≥3时,曲率对边坡的稳定性影响很小,曲率影响边坡稳定性的主要原因在于曲率不同时,其边坡体内周向应力的差异。     

巴东一中高切坡稳定性分析

分析了巴东一中高切坡的地质构造特征及物质组成,采用圆弧滑动法对其整体稳定性进行计算和分析.计算结果表明,巴东一中高切坡在天然状态下处于基本稳定状态;但在暴雨工况下稳定性差,一旦失稳危害程度严重,必须尽早对该边坡进行综合治理.     

某一级水电站工程厂房高边坡处理设计

某一级水电站工程厂房为引水式地面厂房,厂房后边坡是该工程最高的人工边坡,其稳定性直接影响到厂房安全.采用平面极限平衡法和平面有限元法对该边坡进行了稳定分析.结果表明,该边坡不存在整体稳定性问题,只在浅表部位存在陡倾结构面松弛、局部楔形不稳定块体塌滑等问题.因此,采取开挖、排水、锚固等措施对厂房后边坡进行加固处理,并对该...     

露天煤矿端帮残煤开采及边坡暴露时间分析

为了提高露天开采的煤炭资源回收率，掌控露天煤矿端帮残煤开采工程安排，提出了水平和近水平大型露天煤矿汽车运输内排条件下，露天煤矿端帮露井联采、端帮陡帮开采、减少露天煤矿端帮边坡暴露时间的措施．结果表明：采掘工作帮帮坡角越大、内排土场工作帮帮坡角越大、工作线推进强度越大、内排土场下部水平排土台阶高度越大、采场坑底宽度越小露天煤矿端帮边坡的暴露时间越短；当露天煤矿端帮实行陡帮开采时，汽车运输内排通路可设在采场中部回填搭建。     

最速下降线及其自动查找

对坡降线作了深入具体的研究,给出了其微分方程形式及在离散情况下的近似表达;给出了坡降线自动生成的一种算法,并对其中的一系列理论和计算问题进行了探讨。     

铜录山矿高陡边坡稳定性的有限元分析

本文应用有限单元法对铜录山露天矿高340米、倾角61.5度的边坡进行了一次性开挖弹性和弹一塑性、模拟开挖弹性和弹一塑性计算,比较了各种计算结果,分析了该边坡的稳定性。     

草本植物加固边坡的力学原理

草本植物根系使边坡土体浅层成为土体和根系的复合材料,它通过根土摩擦作用和根的抗拉作用,增强了根系土层的整体抗剪强度,但至今人们对草本植物根系对边坡岩土体的作用及效应的研究仍很少,亟待深入。通过对草本植物根系加固边坡的力学原理进行了全面的分析,不但提出了根土作用的力学模型,而且对边坡增加的抗剪强度和增加的边坡稳定性系数进行了定量计算。从而为草本植物生态护坡提供了理论依据。