卸围压条件下砂岩变形破坏特性试验研究

从可释放弹性应变能角度对岩石卸围压条件下破坏特性进行研究,利用MTS815电液压伺服可控制刚性试验机进行保持轴向变形不变的卸围压试验,根据卸围压试验数据,分析了该砂岩卸围压过程中变形、强度、弹性模量及能量变化特征。结果表明:随着围压逐渐降低,岩样发生侧向不断扩容;轴向应力逐渐降低,呈现出非线性特征;弹性模量在初始阶段几乎不变化,越过破坏点之后大幅降低;可释放的弹性应变能在初始阶段增大比较缓慢,当围压降低至一定程度时急剧增大;推导出基于可释放弹性应变能的卸荷岩石的整体破坏准则Ue0。     

Mechanical properties of deep-buried marble material under loading and unloading tests

The mechanical properties are essentially different when rock material is subjected to loading or unloading conditions. In this study, loading and unloading tests with various confining pressures are conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of marble material samples taken from the deep diversion tunnels of Jinping II Hydropower Station. The stress-strain relationship, failure characteristics and strength criterion are compared and analyzed based on the experiment results. The results show: in the loading and unloading test, peak strength, lateral strain, axial strain and plastic deformation increase significantly as the confining pressure increases. Lateral strain increased significantly and obvious lateral dilatancy can be observed to the change of confining pressure; The fracture mode is mainly the single shear fracture for the triaxial compression test and post-peak test, angle between the failure surface and the ends of the rock material becomes smaller as the confining pressure increases. Hoek-Brown strength criterion reflects the strength characteristics of marble material under two different unloading conditions, and has some supplementary effects to the rock material of mechanical field.     

不同围压下茅口灰岩渐进性破坏的试验研究

利用MTS815电液伺服控制刚性试验机进行不同围压下茅口灰岩三轴压缩试验,通过计算绘得相应裂隙体积应变图,分析得出裂纹起始应力、裂纹破坏应力。结果表明:随着围压的增大,应力门槛值均呈非线性增长态势,当围压超过17 MPa时,裂纹起始应力、裂纹破坏应力分别增加48.5%和20.1%,茅口灰岩延性开始增强;裂纹破坏应力为峰值强度的64%~75%,三轴压缩下茅口灰岩裂隙不稳定发展阶段较长;环向应变值随围压增大而增大,当轴力超过裂纹破坏应力进入裂隙不稳定发展阶段,环向应变增大2.7~3.2倍,用环向-轴向应力应变曲线图能较好的反映岩石应力门槛值。     

Behavior of High Performance PVA Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites in Triaxial Compression

Based on an extensive experimental program,the paper studies the behavior of HPFRCC under triaxial compression. The experimental parameters are lateral confining pressure and PVA fiber content by volume. The test results indicate that ultimate strength and peak strain are significantly improved with the increases of confining pressure. The confining effect introduced by the fibers becomes minor in triaxial compression tests,where there is relatively high external confining pressure. The axial stress-strain curves with different confining pressure and different PVA fiber content by volume are obtained. Lateral confining pressure constraints the lateral expansion of HPFRCC,so there is a big plastic deformation with its ultimate strength improved. At lower confining pressure,PVA fiber content by volume has some effect on the decreased section of stress-strain curve. According to test results,the paper establishes formula of confining pressure with ultimate strength and axial peak strain respectively.     

三轴受压状态混凝土当量损伤本构模型

本文根据Ｈ－Ｔ－Ｃｈｅｎ的多轴受压状态下的破坏准则,引用了混凝土损伤力学的概念,提出了在多轴受压状态下的当量损伤模型。可以模拟混凝土在多轴受压状态下的应力应变关系,得到等效单轴受压的应力应变全过程曲线,并且可求得在不同侧压力情况下混凝土的极限抗压强度。本模型不仅可模拟混凝土多轴受力的应力应变过程,并为拱坝非线性全过程分析了依据。     

复合螺旋箍筋约束混凝土柱偏压性能试验

采用复合螺旋箍筋约束混凝土柱,能在提高混凝土核心强度的同时,实现高延性,可支撑高地震设防烈度区重要结构的设计建造.以箍筋间距与轴向力偏心距为基本参数,完成了6根复合螺旋箍筋约束混凝土柱偏心受压试验,并与同条件下两类常规复合箍筋柱进行对比.获得了轴向力-侧向变形关系、轴向力-箍筋应变关系及轴向力-压区边缘混凝土压应变关系等,发现不同螺距/间距及偏心距下试验柱先后出现纵筋屈服与混凝土压碎的破坏模式.试验结果表明,破坏时采用不高于80 mm螺距/间距的复合螺旋箍筋柱正截面承载力及以柱高中点侧移定义的位移延性系数较常规螺旋箍筋柱有一定提高.结合试验结果,发现偏压复合螺旋箍筋柱破坏机制与螺旋箍筋强核心约束和外围方形箍筋次约束的复合作用明显相关,破坏主要是核心螺旋箍筋约束失效后混凝土压碎引起,而外围复合箍筋在峰值荷载后对混凝土仍具有一定约束作用.基于破坏机制,区分了两类约束区对柱承载力贡献,提出了复合螺旋箍筋柱偏压承载力计算方法.     

Dynamic mechanical property of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC)

The uniaxial compressive response of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC) was analyzed under high strain rate loading with a 74 mm diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB).The experimental investigation focused on recorded data and resulted in distinguishing the strain rate that mobilized different ductility of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete(HFRC) and steel fiber-reinforced concrete(SFRC).64 specimens of HFRC and SFRC with higher static compressive strength were tested at the strain rates changing from 20 to 120 s-1.The static compressive strength and dynamic stress-strain curves of the two materials were obtained at 4 different strain rates and the failure stress,and peak strain and peak toughness were also analyzed.The results show that HFRC has quite good dynamic mechanical property and clear strain-rate effect,and the failure mechanism of HFRC and SFRC was also compared based on the specimens’ failure modes in static and dynamic compressive tests.     

三轴卸荷条件下煤体力学特性和能量耗散演化

孤岛工作面煤体和巷道受周边开采扰动影响,煤体受循环荷载作用存在卸荷力学行为而表现出动态破坏特性.为探讨不同路径下煤体力学特性,利用TAW-2000三轴电液伺服刚性试验机分别进行常规三轴(T)、三轴循环荷载(TC)以及相应卸围压试验(TU、TCU),分析不同围压下煤体卸围压强度、变形、声发射事件以及能量耗散演化特征,开展...     

三维动静组合加载下花岗岩能量耗散试验研究

利用改造的三维霍普金森试验系统(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB),选取4个轴压水平(25, 50, 75和100 MPa)和4个围压水平(0, 5, 10和15 MPa),对应开展4种应变率(约70, 90, 110和130 s^-1)下花岗岩三维动静组合加载试验研究,分析静载轴压、静载围压和应变率对花岗岩受冲击过程中能量耗散的影响规律,并讨论其破坏模式。试验结果表明:轴压增大时,花岗岩破坏时单位体积吸收能逐渐降低;围压或应变率增大时,单位体积吸收能逐渐升高。岩石储能极限在能量耗散过程中发挥关键作用,且不同情况下具体表现不同:储能极限与初始储能的差值影响岩石受冲击时的吸能值;当岩石在静载下进入损伤阶段初期时,储能极限与初始储能的比值决定岩石受冲击时的释能值;当岩石在静载下进入损伤阶段后期甚至发生屈服时,储能极限值正比于岩石释能值。此外,岩石破坏模式与单位体积耗散能关系密切:应变率相似静载组合变化时,破碎程度与单位体积吸收能变化呈负相关;静载组合确定应变率梯度变化时,破碎程度与单位体积吸收能变化呈正相关。     

近海环境下锈蚀箍筋约束混凝土本构模型

采用人工气候环境模拟技术模拟近海环境,对36组约束混凝土棱柱体试件进行加速腐蚀,开展轴压试验,研究箍筋锈蚀对约束混凝土峰值应力、峰值应变和应力-应变曲线形状的影响. 通过对试验结果的回归分析,得到考虑箍筋锈蚀率影响的混凝土峰值应力和应变修正系数拟合公式,以形状系数作为应力-应变曲线形状参数,基于Mander模型确定考虑箍筋锈蚀率影响的形状系数的计算公式,建立近海环境下的锈蚀箍筋约束混凝土本构模型. 与试验结果对比发现：采用该模型计算得到的各试件峰值应力、峰值应变及应力-应变曲线形状均与试验结果符合较好,表明建立的本构模型能够较准确地反映锈蚀箍筋约束混凝土力学性能,可以用于该环境下的锈蚀RC结构剩余承载力及抗震性能评估.     

饱和花岗岩水-力耦合力学特性试验研究

采用全应力多场耦合三轴试验仪,对饱和花岗岩开展了不同加载速率、不同围压、不同孔压下的水-力耦合三轴压缩排水试验,分别给出了饱和花岗岩在不同加载速率、不同有效围压下的应力-应变曲线,分析了峰值强度、峰值应变、弹性模量随加载速率以及有效围压的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)在不同有效围压和加载速率的条件下,岩样的应力应变曲线均经历了非线性压密、弹性、屈服、峰后四个阶段。偏压加载初期非线性压密阶段比较明显,而随着围压的升高非线性段逐渐消失;由于花岗岩的致密性较高,因而曲线的弹性阶段较长且相对平滑;在屈服和峰后阶段,岩石呈现出明显的脆—延性转化的过程。(2)饱和花岗岩的峰值强度随着加载速率的增加而增大;且当有效围压相同时,岩石的峰值强度大致相等,抵抗外界荷载的能力大致相同。(3)缓慢加载条件下饱和花岗岩的峰值应变表现出加载速率强化效应,但强化效果是有限的;且在有效围压相同条件下,随着围压和孔压的同步增长,峰值应变也呈增长的趋势。(4)弹性模量随着加载速率的增加呈二次多项式增长,但随着围压和孔压的同步增长而逐渐降低。     

Experimental study on permanent deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil under repeated dynamic loading

Practical assessment of subgrade settlement induced by train operation requires developing suitable models capable of describing permanent deformation characteristics of subgrade filling under repeated dynamic loading. In this paper, repeated load triaxial tests were performed on coarse-grained soil (CGS), and the axial permanent strain of CGS under different confining pressures and dynamic stress amplitudes was analysed. Permanent deformation behaviors of CGS were categorized based on the variation trend of permanent strain rate with accumulated permanent strain and the shakedown theory. A prediction model of permanent deformation considering stress state and number of load cycles was established, and the ranges of parameters for different types of dynamic behaviors were also divided. The results indicated that the variational trend of permanent strain rate with accumulated permanent strain can be used as a basis for classifying dynamic behaviors of CGS. The stress state (confining pressure and dynamic stress amplitude) has significant effects on the permanent strain rate. The accumulative characteristics of permanent deformation of CGS with the number of load cycles can be described by a power function, and the model parameters can reflect the influence of confining pressure and dynamic stress amplitude. The study’s results could help deepen understanding of the permanent deformation characteristics of CGS.

     

纤维增强复合材料加固混凝土柱的研究进展

基于纤维增强复合材料（FRP）约束混凝土柱的相关研究,从FRP约束混凝土柱的应力-应变关系、轴心受压和偏心受压力学性能、抗震性能以及有限元数值模拟等几个方面,对FRP约束混凝土柱的研究现状和各方面的相关控制因素进行了系统阐述,重点分析了FRP侧向约束强度、刚度、FRP类型、柱截面形状、未约束混凝土强度、倒角半径、截面长宽比等因素对约束效果的影响,为FRP加固混凝土柱的进一步研究提供了参考。     

不同减摩条件下变长度活性粉末混凝土的三轴试验研究

使用常规三轴实验,对同一直径（43.6 mm）、4种长径比（0.5、1、2和3）的素活性粉末混凝土（RPC）圆柱试样,在保持围压恒定的条件下单调地施加轴向压缩应变. 试样两端采用3种减摩条件：直接与金属压头接触（条件A）,分别垫有2层0.1 mm厚聚四氟乙烯薄膜（条件B）,分别垫有层间涂润滑脂的3层0.1 mm厚聚四氟乙烯薄膜（条件C）. 每一档围压对应一种加载路径：长径比为0.5、1.0和3.0的试样,采用两档围压（5、70 MPa）;长径比为2.0的试样,采用5档围压（0、5、20、35、70 MPa）. 试验结果表明：在同围压、同长径比的条件下,条件B试样与条件C试样的强度及破坏模式相近;当围压为5 MPa,长径比小于2.0时,不同长径比的条件A试样与条件C试样在抗压强度上均有明显差异,但这2种减摩条件所表现的强度与长径比之间关系正好相反;当围压为70 MPa时,条件A试样的抗压强度有尺寸效应,条件C试样无显著的尺寸效应. 围压的增加显著地约束了裂纹的扩展.     

碳纤维约束与箍筋约束混凝土轴压性能对比

针对箍筋约束与碳纤维约束混凝土轴心受压力学性能,基于大量的轴心受压试验数据,分析了约束混凝土轴心受压力学性能的主要影响因素,分别建立了箍筋约束与碳纤维约束混凝土轴心受压时的峰值应力、峰值应变和极限应变的计算公式;对比分析结果表明,箍筋约束混凝土优势在于低特征值段,碳纤维约束混凝土的性能在高特征值时将超过箍筋约束混凝土。     

卸围压条件下花岗岩强度特性及三维裂隙演化规律

为研究卸围压条件下花岗岩强度特性和三维裂隙演化规律,对花岗岩开展了常规三轴压缩、卸围压-加轴压和分级卸围压-加轴压循环加卸载3种不同应力路径力学试验,获得对应的轴、径向应力-应变曲线;采用CT扫描三维重构技术获得岩石卸围压过程中和破坏后内部裂隙分布三维图像.结果表明:相对于常规三轴压缩试验,试件在卸荷条件下脆性破坏特征更加显著,分级卸围压-加轴压循环加卸载会增大花岗岩的峰后延性,降低破坏轴压和破坏剧烈程度;两种卸围压方案都会使花岗岩的承载能力降低30%左右;卸荷作用下花岗岩宏观破裂为拉剪组合状,拉剪过渡不明显,表观裂隙是内部裂隙向外扩展的结果;花岗岩在卸荷作用下峰前产生的裂隙量较少,大量裂隙在峰后产生,破裂具有突发性和瞬时性,围压较低时宏观裂隙首先在试件边缘产生,围压较高时宏观裂隙首先在试件中部产生.     

矩形钢套筒约束混凝土轴心受压应力应变关系

进行了6个矩形钢套筒约束混凝土试件的轴心受压试验,试验结果表明：矩形钢套筒能够对其内部混凝土形成有效约束,显著提高混凝土受压峰值应力,使约束混凝土受压应力应变曲线的下降段更加平缓,有效改善混凝土的极限变形能力。在试验的基础上,通过对试验中钢套筒的应变和钢套筒内混凝土的受力状态进行分析,给出了矩形钢套筒对混凝土横向有效约束力的计算方法,借用Mander模型,进一步提出了受约束混凝土单轴受压应力应变计算模型。将计算模型与试验的钢套筒约束混凝土应力应变曲线进行对比,二者吻合良好。     

不同围压下灰岩力学特性及破坏力学模型研究

为了研究围压对灰岩力学特性及破坏力学模型的影响,采用MTS815对完整灰岩岩样进行三轴压缩试验。基于岩样宏观破坏形式,建立张拉剪切破坏模型,构建峰值强度与围压关系表达式;讨论张拉剪切模型与纯剪切模型对岩石剪切强度参数值（粘聚力与内摩擦角）的影响。研究结果表明：岩样弹性模量、抗压强度及残余强度均随围压升高而增大,且残余强度与围压呈非线性相关;当岩样最终破坏时,环向应变与轴向应变比值随围压升高呈负指数降低;一定围压范围内,岩石抗压强度受剪切强度参数和抗拉强度影响;张拉剪切模型确定岩石剪切强度参数值随破裂角增大而增大,与纯剪切模型相比,数值均较小。因此,低围压时,考虑岩石破坏模型具有一定的实际意义。     

Experimental investigation on dilatancy behavior of water-saturated sandstone

It is important to study the dilatancy property of water-saturated rock for understanding the engineering behavior of loaded rock mass. This study carried out the uniaxial and triaxial compressive experiments on the water-saturated red sandstone, analyzed the influences of confining pressure and pore pressure on dilatancy property of water-saturated rock, and discussed the reasonable basis of the stress of dilatancy onset as a strength design parameter of rock engineering, finally established the prediction model of the stress of dilatancy onset under the impacts of confining pressure and pore pressure. The results show that the strength parameters(the stress of dilatancy onset and peak strength) and deformation parameters(axial strain and circumferential strain) of water-saturated sandstone increase with the confining pressure, and the relations can be fitted with a positive linear function. The cohesion and internal friction angle obtained from the stress of dilatancy onset decrease by 11.57% and 7.33%, respectively, when compared with those obtained from the peak strength. The strength parameters and deformation parameters of water-saturated sandstone decrease basically with the increase of pore pressure, in which the relations between strength parameters or axial strain and pore pressure can be fitted with a negative linear function. However, the relation between the peak circumferential strain and the pore pressure should be characterized by a negative exponential function, and the circumferential strain at dilatancy onset isn't affected by the pore pressure.     

HFRP布约束混凝土圆柱体轴压力学性能试验

通过碳纤维布、芳纶纤维布、玻璃纤维布和玄武岩纤维布混杂约束混凝土圆柱体的轴心抗压性能试验.研究了HFRP布约束混凝土柱的破坏形式、抗压强度、峰值应变和应力-应变全曲线.试验结果表明:1)相比未约束混凝土试件,1C/1G、1C/1B和1A/1B混杂约束试件的抗压强度分别提高了154%、134%和140%,峰值应变分别提高了393%、363%和476%;2)1C/2G、1C/2B和1A/2B混杂约束试件的抗压强度分别提高了187%、190%和170%,峰值应变分别提高了567%、511%和574%;3)2C/1G、1C/1A/1G和1C/1B/1G混杂约束试件的抗压强度分别提高了245%、233%和157%,峰值应变分别提高了649%、581%和426%;4)基于试验数据拟合HFRP约束混凝土圆柱体的强度约束系数为3.1.最后建立了HFRP约束混凝土圆柱体的3段式应力-应变曲线模型,与试验曲线良好吻合.