考虑块石长轴倾角和土石接触面的土石混合体边坡稳定性分析

为准确分析土石混合体边坡稳定性,提出了一种基于原始块石形状库的随机土石混合体边坡模型构建方法.采用该方法和有限元极限分析软件Optum G2,结合土石混合体边坡物理模型试验,研究了块石掺量、长轴倾角和土石接触面强度对土石混合体边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明:块石在边坡剪切带存在\"绕行\"\"分流\"\"包含\"3种塑性扩展模式,并改...     

考虑块石长轴倾角和土石接触面的土石混合体边坡稳定性研究

为准确分析土石混合体边坡稳定性,提出了一种基于原始块石形状库的随机土石混合体边坡模型构建方法,该方法可以很好的考虑块石形状和分布特征。采用该方法和有限元极限分析软件Optum G2,结合土石混合体边坡物理模型试验,研究了块石掺量(0%~50%)、长轴倾角(0°~180°)和土石接触面强度(1.4~0.01)对土石混合体边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明,块石在边坡剪切带存在“绕行”、“分流”、“包含”三种塑性扩展模式,并通过改变边坡剪切带的曲折点、长度和发展方向影响边坡稳定;通过对不同块石掺量下边坡稳定性研究,发现当块石掺量大于20%时,块石分布对边坡稳定性的影响较大;在高块石掺量下,边坡容易出现“局部”或“崩解式”破坏;在相同块石掺量下,块石长轴倾角平行或垂直于边坡剪切带时,边坡分别获得最小或最大安全系数;当块石长轴垂直于边坡剪切带时,边坡容易出现“崩解式”破坏,这主要与块石长轴对于边坡剪切带发展的“诱导”效应有关;在相同块石分布模型下,边坡安全系数随土石接触面系数的减小而降低,甚至会低于均质土边坡;当土石接触面强度低于土体强度时,块石对边坡剪切带存在 “吸引”效应。研究结果可为土石混合体边坡稳定性的评估和治理提供参考。     

不同含石量下泥岩土石混合体剪切特性及细观破坏机制

为探究含石量对泥岩土石混合体剪切特性及细观破坏机制的影响,设计了含石量20%~80%共4组试样,分别在0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 MPa这4种不同围压下进行室内大型三轴剪切试验,研究不同含石量试样的偏应力、体积应变及抗剪强度参数的变化规律;基于数字图像处理技术生成PFC^2D颗粒流数值模型进行一系列数值分析。结果表明：试样抗剪强度随含石量增大而不断增大。与其他类型的土石混合体不同的是,泥岩土石混合体在低围压下呈先剪缩后剪胀的变化规律,且含石量越高,最终剪胀效果越明显;在高围压下始终表现为剪缩,且含石量越低,剪缩效果越强。内摩擦角随含石量增大呈慢快慢的“S”型增长趋势,且在20%~80%含石量内增长较快;黏聚力随含石量增大不断降低,但下降速率逐渐减小。数值试验表明：土石混合体在剪切过程中存在拉剪混合破坏;随含石量增加,土石混合体骨架结构效应越来越显著,剪切带绕过块石,形成多个形状不规则的小剪切带。     

土石混合体边坡的稳定性与大变形破坏分析

土石混合体边坡在自然界中广泛存在,其变形、破坏会对人类的生命财产造成重大损失。忽略块石的作用将其视为均质土坡进行研究往往过于简化。编制二维土石混合体边坡几何模型生成程序,采用极限平衡法、光滑流体动力学方法进行稳定性、大变形破坏分析,以研究块石含量对稳定性和冲击力的影响。为预测稳定性系数并计算失效概率,构建了深度神经网络模型。研究结果表明：当块石含量低于10%时,块石对边坡稳定性的影响很小;构建的神经网络模型能预测稳定性系数且相对误差在11%以内,可用于计算失效概率;冲击力时程曲线取决于块石含量、滑坡体方量、建筑物位置等多种因素。研究成果可为土石混合体滑坡的防灾减灾工作提供理论支持。     

土石混合体边坡稳定性的三维颗粒离散元分析

为探究土石混合体边坡的稳定性和破坏机理,基于土工离心模型试验基本原理,结合已开发的不规则块石和土石混合体三维离散元建模方法建立土石混合体边坡细观结构的三维离散元模型.引入颗粒流强度折减法并提出基于能量演化的方法来判别边坡失稳破坏.利用提出的土石混合体边坡三维离散元建模方法和稳定性分析方法,分析不同块石含量、块石形状、空间结构、空间形态等因素对土石混合体边坡稳定性和破坏模式的影响,并揭示这些因素影响的细观机理.结果表明:随含石量增加,土石混合体边坡的安全系数逐渐增大;土石混合体边坡中呈现出多滑动面现象,且滑面较为曲折,具有明显的绕石特征,坡脚部位的部分大块石使得剪出口的位置发生明显的改变;随块石形状由球体、卵石到碎石,土石混合体边坡的安全系数逐渐增大;上覆堆积体相对较厚且坡度不是很大的二元结构边坡或一元结构边坡的破坏模式主要是堆积体内部发生的弧形滑动破坏,上覆堆积体厚度不大且基岩面相对平整的二元结构边坡的破坏模式主要是沿基-覆界面的整体平移滑动破坏;随土石混合体边坡空间形态由条带型、敞口型到锁口型,其安全系数逐渐提高,其中锁口型边坡具有显著的支撑拱效应,且含石量越大这种效应越明显.     

土石混合体地层中基坑开挖对邻近既有隧道影响

为解决土石混合体地层中基坑开挖引起的隧道响应问题,基于离散单元法采用数值模拟手段进行研究。采用颗粒流数值计算软件PFC2D对土石混合体微观结构、隧道管片结构及基坑围护结构进行精细化建模及施工过程模拟,并针对隧道位于基坑开挖引起的主动土压力区及被动土压力区两类位置条件下,地层含石率w对基坑开挖引起的隧道结构响应影响规律进行系统性研究。结果表明:隧道位于基坑开挖主动土压力区时,量值大于60%前提下的含石率提升导致隧道周围逐渐形成具备较好抗剪性能的连续块石骨架体,从而抑制侧面开挖引起的隧道结构响应。隧道位于基坑开挖被动土压力区时,量值小于75%前提下的含石率的提升对上方开挖引起的隧道结构响应起到抑制作用;含石率大于75%时,含石率的提升无法为上方开挖引起的隧道结构响应提供抑制作用。     

考虑含石量和降雨入渗角度的碳质泥岩土石混合体渗流特性（英文）

为研究碳质泥岩土石混合体在降雨入渗作用下的渗流特性,通过自制试验装置开展了考虑不同含石量和入渗角度的降雨入渗模型试验,获取不同标高处试样体积含水率与基质吸力的变化规律。采用VAN-GENUCHTEN模型对试验结果进行拟合,得到碳质泥岩土石混合体的土水特性曲线。研究表明,降雨入渗时碳质泥岩土岩石混合物的体积含水率呈梯度变化趋势,土体由底层向上层逐渐达到饱和,含水率自上而下递增并达到稳定水平;碳质泥岩土石混合物的渗透系数随着岩石含量的增加而呈现出先降后升的趋势;降雨入渗角的增大可有效抑制降雨过程中样品内部基质吸力的降低;在排水过程中,土壤内部各标高的含水率随排水时间的变化呈现出指数函数关系,且含石量和降雨入渗角度都会对试样内部的颗粒流失产生影响。     

冻融循环作用下不同含石量土石混合料剪切特性分析

为了探究冻融过程对土石混合料剪切特性的影响,采用室内冻融循环试验和大型直剪试验分析了含石量为10%、30%、50%、70%土石混合料试样(均处于最优含水率)和不同循环次数条件下抗剪强度变化规律。结果表明：冻融循环作用对土石混合料试样剪应力-剪切位移关系曲线变化有一定的影响,在高法向应力下随循环次数的增加剪应力峰值显著降低。     

预应力锚索加固土质边坡的稳定性极限分析

预应力锚索在边坡工程中应用广泛。针对预应力锚索加固边坡的稳定性分析问题,基于极限分析上限定理,把锚索锚固作用简化为边坡表面上的外力,推导了预应力锚索加固土质边坡的安全系数计算公式,计算结果合理。锚索的作用后改变了边坡临界破坏面的位置,如果不予考虑计算结果将偏于危险。根据分析结果,锚索可以有效地提高边坡的稳定性,锚索的最有效作用位置在边坡中部到坡脚附近。     

An extension of 2D Janbu''s generalized procedure of slices for 3D slope stability analysis Ⅱ-Numerical method and applications

This paper provides a numerical approach on achieving the limit equilibrium method for 3D slope stability analysis proposed in the theoretical part of the previous paper. Some programming techniques are presented to ensure the maneuverability of the method. Three examples are introduced to illustrate the use of this method. The results are given in detail such as the local factor of safety and local potential sliding direction for a slope. As the method is an extension of 2D Janbu's generalized procedure of slices (GPS), the results obtained by GPS for the longitudinal sections of a slope are also given for comparison with the 3D results. A practical landslide in Yunyang, the Three Gorges, of China, is also analyzed by the present method. Moreover, the proposed method has the advantages and disadvantages of GPS. The problem frequently encountered in calculation process is still about the convergency, especially in analyzing the stability of a cutting corner. Some advice on discretization is given to ensure convergence when the present method is used. However, the problem about convergency still needs to be further explored based on the rigorous theoretical background.     

An extension of 2D Janbu''s generalized procedure of slices for 3D slope stability analysis Ⅰ- Basic theory

Based on 2D Janbu's generalized procedure of slices (GPS), a new three-dimensional slope stability analysis method has been developed, in which all forces acting on the discretized blocks in static equilibrium are taken into account in all three directions. In this method, the potential sliding mass is divided into rigid blocks and each block is analyzed separately by using both geometric relations and static equilibrium formulations. By introducing force boundary conditions, the stability problem is determined statically. The proposed method can be applied to analyze the stability of slopes with various types of potential sliding surfaces, complicated geological boundaries and stratifications, water pressure, and earthquake loading. This method can also be helpful in determining individual factor of safety and local potential sliding direction for each block. As an extension of 2D Janbu's method, the present method has both the advantages and disadvantages of Janbu's generalized procedure of slices.     

Stability analysis for natural slope by kinematical approach

The stability of natural slope was analyzed on the basis of limit analysis. The sliding model of a kind of natural slope was presented. A new kinematically admissible velocity field for the new sliding model was constructed. The stability factor formulation by the upper bound theorem leads to a classical nonlinear programming problem, when the external work rate and internal energy dissipation were solved, and the constraint condition of the programming problem was given. The upper bound optimization problem can be solved efficiently by applying a nonlinear SQP algorithm, and stability factor was obtained, which agrees well with previous achievements.     

Effect of rock mass structure and block size on the slope stability--Physical modeling and discrete element simulation

This paper studies the stability of jointed rock slopes by using our improved three-dimensional discrete element methods (DEM) and physical modeling. Results show that the DEM can simulate all failure modes of rock slopes with different joint configurations. The stress in each rock block is not homogeneous and blocks rotate in failure development. Failure modes depend on the configuration of joints. Toppling failure is observed for the slope with straight joints and sliding failure is observed for the slope with staged joints. The DEM results are also compared with those of limit equilibrium method (LEM). Without considering the joints in rock masses, the LEM predicts much higher factor of safety than physical modeling and DEM. The failure mode and factor of safety predicted by the DEM are in good agreement with laboratory tests for any jointed rock slope.     

An extension of 2D Janbu’s generalized proce-dure of slices for 3D slope stability analysis II——Numerical method and applications

1 Introduction The theoretical formulation for 3D slope stability analysis has been proposed in Part I of this paper. To realize the method in numerical code, some popular software can be used for programming in a transparent manner such as SPREADSHEET-Microsoft Ex- cel and MATHCAD. The geometric shape and characteristics of a slope can also be graphically displayed in the integrated interface of the built-in program. As the whole calculation procedure for 2D Janbu’ method is well k…     

An extension of 2D Janbu’s generalized proce-dure of slices for 3D slope stability analysis I――Basic theory

1 Introduction Most slope stability analyses were performed under 2D limit equilibrium framework in geotechnical engineering. As indicated by Stark and Eid[1], in the existing 2D methods, the calculation of the factor of safety for a slope was carried out under assuming a plane-strain condition, i.e. the failure surface of the slope was assumed infinitely wide. Although 2D slope stability analysis for a slope was relatively conservative, the devel- oped theories and numerical methods were st…     

Three-dimensional stability analysis of anisotropic and non-homogeneous slopes using limit analysis简

A method of three-dimensional loaded slope stability for anisotropic and nonhomogeneous slopes was presented based on the upper-bound theorem of the limit analysis approach. The approach can be considered as a modification and extension of the solutions. The influences of friction angle, anisotropy factor, nonhomogeneous factor, slope angle, ratio of width to depth, and load on the slope crest were investigated. The results show that solutions are suitable to deal with the purely cohesive soils and frictional/cohesive soils, isotropic and anisotropic, homogeneous and nonhomogeneous, loaded and unloaded cases.     

基于FLAC3D对含软硬岩互层边坡的变形分析

以南京地区采矿形成的边坡为背景,研究含有硬岩的软硬岩互层边坡的稳定性。运用FLAC~(3D)基于有限元强度折减法,模拟不同硬岩岩层的倾角和厚度对顺向坡和反向坡变形的影响,分析对比上述因素对边坡变形影响的大小。研究结果表明,顺向坡中硬岩的倾角越大,厚度越大,变形越小,并且变形有趋于稳定的趋势;反向坡中硬岩的倾角越大,厚度越大,变形先减小后增大,说明上述因素越大,反向坡越容易产生倾倒变形。     

Effect of rock mass structure and block size on the slope stability——Physical modeling and discrete element simulation

Rock slope has many geological structures with different sizes, configurations and mechanical properties such as joints, fissures, faults, shear bands and so on[1]. These geological structures may make the slope unstable, producing toppling, fracturing or sliding failures. A lot of investigations have focused on the stability of jointed rock slope, however, the mechanisms on the progressive failure of jointed rock slope is still an open issue in either physical modeling or numerical simulation…