A numerical simulation of nonlinear propagation of gravity wave packet in three-dimension compressible atmosphere

By using FICE scheme, a numerical simulation of nonlinear propagation of gravity wave packet in three-dimension compressible atmosphere is presented. The whole nonlinear propagation process of the gravity wave packet is shown; the basic characteristics of nonlinear propagation and the influence of the ambient winds on the propagation are analyzed. The results show that FICE scheme can be extended in three-dimension by which the calculation is steady and kept for a long time; the increase of wave amplitude is faster than the exponential increase according to the linear gravity theory; nonlinear propagation makes the horizontal perturbation velocity increase greatly which can lead to enhancement of the local ambient winds; the propagation path and the propagation velocity of energy are different from the results expected by the linear gravity waves theory, the nonlinearity causes the change in propagation characteristics of gravity wave; the ambient winds alter the propagation path and group velocity of gr     

Climatology of global gravity wave activity and dissipation revealed by SABER/TIMED temperature observations

Gravity wave activity and dissipation in the height range from the low stratosphere to the low thermosphere(25–115 km)covering latitudes between 50°S and 50°N are statistically studied by using 9-year(January 22,2002–December 31,2010)SABER/TIMED temperature data.We propose a method to extract realistic gravity wave fluctuations from the temperature profiles and treat square temperature fluctuations as GW activity.Overall,the gravity wave activity generally increases with height.Near the equator(0°–10°),the gravity wave activity shows a quasi-biennial variation in the stratosphere(below 40 km)while from 20°to 30°,it exhibits an annual variation below 40 km;in low latitudes(0°–30°)between the upper stratosphere and the low thermosphere(40–115 km),the gravity wave activity shows a semi-annual variation.In middle latitudes(40°–50°),the gravity wave activity has a clear annual variation below 85 km.In addition,we observe a four-monthly variation with peaks occurring usually in April,August,December in the northern hemisphere and in February,June,October in the southern hemisphere,respectively,above 85 km in middle latitudes,which has been seldom reported in gravity wave activity.In order to study the dissipation of gravity wave propagation,we calculate the gravity wave dissipation ratio,which is defined as the ratio of the gravity wave growth scale height to the atmosphere density scale height.The height variation of the dissipation ratio indicates that strong gravity wave dissipation mainly concentrates in the three height regions:the stratosphere(30–60 km),the mesopause(around 85 km)and the low thermosphere(above 100 km).Besides,gravity wave energy enhancement can be also observed in the background atmosphere.     

圆锥杆斜侵彻水泥靶时应力波传播特性研究

根据动能定律和刚体平面运动微分方程,建立了圆锥杆倾斜侵彻半无限厚水泥靶时的动力学方程。对这些方程进行数值求解,求得侵彻时的轴向撞击力和横向撞击力,讨论了初始侵彻角度对轴向撞击力和横向撞击力的影响。在此基础上,建立了圆锥杆的波动方程,分别研究了正应力和剪应力在圆锥杆中的传播规律和分布规律。研究表明,初始侵彻角度对轴向撞击力影响非常小,但对横向撞击力影响较大;初始侵彻角度较大时,应力波传播以轴向力产生的正应力传播为主。     

低湍流度时尾流湍流切应力和湍流动能的相关

简述了在性能优良、湍流度极低（０．０２％）的西北工业大学低湍流度风洞中用热线风速仪测量翼型近场尾流及边界层速度型、湍流强度、雷诺正应力及切应力等的简况，并着重讨论了极低湍流度下近场尾流中湍流切应力和湍流动能间的相关特性，表明相关值明显不同于常规湍流度的结果。     

液膜表面波在切应力作用下的线性稳定性

基于液膜表面的力平衡方程和边界条件,建立了在切应力作用下表征沿倾斜壁面下降液膜流动特性的O-S方程。利用摄动方法,求得了液膜表面波扰动的无量纲流函数扰动和波速表达式,分析了切应力、雷诺数和波数对稳定性的影响。研究表明:切应力是影响液膜稳定性的重要因素之一,同向切应力起不稳定性作用,反向切应力起稳定性用;液膜表面波的稳定性随雷诺数增大逐渐减弱;反向切应力使临界雷诺数增大、扰动增长率减小,同向切应力则起相反作用;表面波扰动的传播速度与波数有关,长波的传播速度低于短波,同向切应力使其传播速度增大,反向切应力使其减小。     

二维剪切液膜流表面波的线性稳定性特征

当气液界面存在气流剪切作用时,将在不同程度上影响液膜流动的水动力学特征和流动稳定性。基于层流剪切液膜流动的稳态解,分析了切应力对液膜流动状态的影响。采用积分法,建立了沿倾斜壁面下降的二维剪切液膜流表面波扰动演化方程,模型中包含界面切应力、雷诺数、波数和倾角等参数的影响。研究表明:行波和惯性波的波速受均雷诺数和切应力的影响;同向切应力为不稳定性因素,逆向切应力的稳定性影响与雷诺数有关;同向切应力使临界雷诺数减小,逆向切应力使其增大,切应力对临界雷诺数的影响在不同倾角下也有所不同。     

Forward modeling to improve seismic reflection energy of a protective coal seam based on Zoeppritz equation

In seismic exploration for coal, seismic waves are very difficult to transmit downward because of high velocity protec-tive layers, making the reflection information very hard to receive above ground. Based on the Snell law and the Zoeppritz equation, we studied the relationship between the incidence angle and reflection seismic wave energy using a forward model of level media. The result shows that the seismic wave energy has a sudden increase at the critical angle. Based on the energy propagation rule, using big offset to receive the seismic wave energy under a protective layer can effectively reduce its protection effect.     

风荷载的非高斯性对风机结构疲劳损伤的影响

为分析非高斯风荷载作用下风机结构的疲劳寿命,在穿越模型基础上,根据Monte Carlo模拟生成某典型风机正常风速条件下,高斯、非高斯硬化和软化3种风场的风速时程,用于分析风场的非高斯性对风机结构疲劳损伤的影响.由叶片的气动模型和多体动力,计算出风机的动力响应,并对响应的时域特性进行分析.基于线性损伤累积和线性裂纹扩展理论,对裂纹形成寿命和裂纹扩展寿命进行详细讨论.结果表明:不同概率特性风场作用下风机动力响应的最大值有所不同,且风机响应的非高斯性较风场的非高斯性减弱;在年平均风速较小地区,风场的非高斯性对风机疲劳寿命影响较小;但随着年平均风速的增大,非高斯性对疲劳寿命的影响显著增大,当年平均风速为7 m/s和9 m/s时,相较于高斯风场,软化过程的裂纹形成寿命减小约10%.因此,在年平均风速较大地区,需要考虑风场的软化特性对风机结构疲劳损伤的影响.     

界面切应力和重力驱动下受热过冷薄膜的破断模型研究

液膜破断过程的内在机理受流体物性、流动状态和界面边界条件的影响而有所不同。针对界面切应力和重力驱动下的受热过冷液膜性破断过程,基于控制体内的力平衡方程,建立了受热过冷液膜破断力平衡模型,模型包含了滞止压力、重力、表面张力、切应力、热毛细力和蒸汽压力的影响。在重力驱动、重力和切应力协同驱动和切应力驱动下,分别推导出层流和紊流的临界液膜厚度和最小润湿量的理论关系式,为分析受热过冷液膜的破断特征提供了一种可借鉴的理论模型。     

剪切波成像中剪切波速度变化规律 注：研究生论坛稿件

超声辐射力可激励组织产生单色波,其剪切波的传播速度与组织的剪切粘弹性是密切相关。目前通过剪切波速度反演各向同性剪切模量的研究,均是基于各向同性介质中剪切波传播速度恒定这一假设。研究表明,各向同性介质中剪切波的传播速度在剪切方向上并不恒定,不同的检测位置测得的速度不同,它与检测位置点当前的振动相位相关。剪切波的传播速度在剪切方向上呈现近似于正弦的变化规律。研究还表明,这种变化主要是由局部密度随着振动传播变化所引起的,并给出了剪切波传播速度以及局部密度变化的修正公式。为证明剪切波速度修正的必要性,将由未经修正的剪切波速度所得的剪切模量,与经过修正的剪切波速度所得的剪切模量进行了比较,误差下降了10%。     

Large-eddy simulation and experimental study on the turbulent wake flow characteristics of a two-bladed wind turbine

Large-eddy simulation(LES) with fully resolved rotor method(FRM) is applied to explore the turbulent wake flow characteristics and vortex evolution laws of a two-bladed horizontal-axis wind turbine. Relevant wind tunnel experiments have been done based on time resolved particle image velocimetry(TRPIV) technique. The simulation results are validated by the experimental data and they are in good agreement. The axial average velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, shear Reynolds stress, and vortex structure of the wind turbine wake are analyzed based on the comparison of LES results and experimental data. It is observed that the wake diameter of wind turbine enlarges with the increase of tip speed ratio(TSR). Turbulent kinetic energy meets its minimum value when x/R=2.0. Shear Reynolds stress appears a positive peak in the near wake when x/R2.0, and the value of shear Reynolds stress decreases along the axial direction. The blade tip vortex dissipates more quickly than the central vortex in the wind turbine wake, and the gradient of the relationship curve between the blade tip vortex core position and the vortex age decreases as the TSR increases. With the increase of TSR, the thrust coefficient increases, and the power coefficient increases first and then decreases.The present work proves that LES with FRM could calculate wind turbine turbulent wake flow with a high accuracy.     

高功率微波大气传输中的非线性衰减

高功率微波大气传输过程中的衰减分为两个部分，一是和中小功率微波相同的气体吸收衰减、干涉衍射衰减和雨衰减，另一是由于高功率微波作用导致大气电离或击穿带来的非线性衰减。本文主要讨论非线性引起的衰减，并通过数值计算比较了两种计算非线性衰减的算法。     

斜程传输中光波的闪烁问题研究

将修正的Rytov方法推广应用于研究斜程传输问题,推导了平面波和球面波斜程传输时的闪烁指数,并根据ITU-R湍流大气结构模型,对平面波和球面波在不同传播高度、近地面风速、近地面大气结构常数、零内尺度以及非零内尺度下的闪烁指数进行了理论据导,做出了具体的数值分析.研究结果表明,斜程传输在弱起伏情况下,利用修正Rytov方法得到的结果与经典Rytov方法结果基本上是一致的.但随着天顶角的增大,传播距离的增加,闪烁强度的表现结果有所不同,这时的经典Rytov方法也将不能适用.同时,采用修正的Rytov方法对平面波和球面波斜程传输的闪烁问题研究的方法,可以推广应用于波束波的闪烁问题研究中.     

单桩式海上风力机整体化地震反应

为了探讨风-波浪-地震共同作用下单桩式海上风机（OWTs）的动力行为,以National Renewable Energy Laboratory（NREL）5 MW风力发电机为研究对象,将风、地震作为独立事件,根据风-波浪统计关系确定波浪谱参数. 改进FAST软件以模拟土-结相互作用,考虑停机、运行和应急停机3种工况,采用气动-伺服-水动-弹性耦合方法分析海上风机地震响应. 算例表明,工作状态显著影响海上风机支撑结构的运动和内力,规律与地震强弱有关;地震动显著影响叶片挥舞振动速度;在风-波浪-地震的共同作用下,海上风机支撑结构危险截面剪力和弯矩峰值超过极端风-波浪作用效应.     

高斯波包在截止波导中的传播

分析了电磁波传播时的超光速群速。对高斯波包在分段填充不同介质的波导中的传播情况进行了数值模拟,得到高斯波包通过截止区的群速和能速,并对其中涉及到的"超光速"问题作了一定的分析。通过模拟得出,在一定的截止区长度范围内和一定工作频率范围内,群速超过光速;并得到,波包的能量传播速度(能速)始终不会超过光速。     

黏弹性散体介质中波的传播和耗散

经典弹性固体理论不能准确地描述散体介质中波的传播和能耗规律。本文从黏弹性角度来分析松散岩土介质中波的相关规律，给出了三种黏弹性模型及基本构方程：Maxwell模型，Kelvin模型及标准线性固体模型，给出小变形条件下黏弹性介质中的波动方程，传播向量和衰减向量的复数形式表达式，以及纵波和横波的衰减系数复数形式表达式，认为波的衰减与频率有关，频率越高衰减程度越大，并实验验证了此结论。另外，黏弹性散体介质中波的能耗还与介质对高频波的吸收有关，以及颗粒间的相对滑动磨擦也会增加能量的耗损。     

弹性介质中SH波传播的三角形格子法

目的提出一种不规则边界非均匀弹性介质中反平面剪切(SH)波传播数值模拟方法,研究反平面剪切波入射时地表起伏及软弱层对场地的影响.方法将实际介质计算区域剖分成三角形网格,构造出控制体,给出积分形式的控制体运动方程;交替运用控制体运动方程和SH波的本构方程,在时间域上递推计算给出被研究区域内各节点的加速度、速度、位移和各格子的应力.结果给出了弹性介质中SH波传播数值模拟三角形格子法.数值算例结果与解析解比较,验证了方法的计算精度和有效性.瞬态反平面剪切波入射时,地表起伏、软弱层会引起场地的运动状态量和应力量的放大,有运动状态量和最大剪应力集中现象.结论SH波传播数值模拟三角形格子法计算精度较高,处理不规则边界非均匀介质波动问题的适应性强,算法实现简单、计算量小.是研究大规模、不规则边界非均匀介质中SH波传播问题的一种有力工具,为岩土动力学中的波动研究提供了一种新的数值方法.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Strength Predictive Modeling in Al 5052-Trapezoidal Grooved SS 304 Explosive Cladding

Aluminum alloy plates were explosively cladded to stainless steel plates with trapezoidal grooves on the mating surface.The process parameters viz,loading ratio,standoff distance and flyer plate thickness were varied based on the Taguchi analogy.The variation in the process parameters alters the kinetic energy dissipation and the deformation work performed at the interface,and dictates the interfacial wave amplitude and the mechanical strength of the dissimilar explosive clad.The optimum level of process parameters for attaining higher tensile and shear strength is computed by signal-to-noise ratio.Further,a mathematical model is developed for calculating tensile and shear strength of the clad,based on the regression analysis using statistical software Minitab-16,and the level of fit is determined by analysis of variance.     

台风强度变化最快时涡度的解析解

利用旋转坐标系中的基本方程推导得到动能方程,通过动能的局地变化率定义刻画台风强度变化率的能量泛函,对泛函作变分得到Euler-Lagrange方程.分析方程可知,当台风强度变化率达到最大时,摩擦力、气压梯度力、重力和动能梯度满足四力平衡关系.因此,这四个力确定的向量可以作为台风强度的预报因子,更准确地确定台风系统强度变化率达到最大的时间点.进一步通过风场变分分解提取到有旋场中的最大涡旋,得到台风强度变化最快时涡度和流场的解析解,对研究台风发展过程中速度的变化趋势和台风的空间结构具有实用价值,为台风路径和强度预报提供了一定的理论指引.     

Influence of vibration on granular flowability and its mechanism of aided flow

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