Development and Electrochemical Testing of Novel Bipolar Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries

With the enhancement of consciousness of envi-ronmental protection and the increasing exhaustion ofoil resources,study on electric vehicles(EV)or hy-brid electric vehicles(HEV)are being actively con-ductedin the countries worldwide[1-3].Ni/MHbat-tery is p…     

镍氢电池充放电终止指标的实验研究

进行了镍氢电池的充放电实验,检测了电池工作时的电压、容量、温度和内阻,绘制了相应的曲线.上述4个参数的变化显著程度不同.借助曲线,讨论了镍氢电池充放电终止指标的确定原则.充电时,电池电压、容量和电池的温度可作为终止指标.放电时,电池的电压、容量和内阻可作为终止指标.总体而言,用容量作为充放电的终止指标比较准确,由此提出了以电池容量作为充放电终止指标的建议,所得到的结论对不同容量的镍氢电池具有参考意义.     

混合动力汽车电池管理系统

针对长安混合动力轿车,研究了镍氢动力电池及其管理系统,建立了镍氢蓄电池的数学模型;同时对电池管理系统的总体结构、电源电路、采样电路以及检测电路进行了设计和研究,并通过Bitrode实验测量电源系统电压、电流以及SOC等,对管理系统的性能进行模拟,提高了系统的可靠性和测量精度。     

Surface Modification for Metal Hydride Electrode of Ni／MH Battery

A novel method was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride (MH) electrode of the Ni/MH battery. The electrode was plated with a thin silver film by using plasma technology and its effect on the performance of the Ni/MH battery was examined. Charge-discharge test proved that the battery with modified electrode exhibits a better high-rate dischargeability and chargeability than the battery with untreated electrode. The battery with modified electrode exhibits satisfactory durability. After 500 cycles, the capacities of the batteries with modified and unmodified electrode are 90.1% and 82.3 % of their original capacities. The inner pressure test shows that the battery with modified electrode displays a much lower inner gas pressure on charging. The experimental results demonstrate that this method is an effective way for the surface modification of the electrode of the Ni/MH battery.     

圆柱18650锂离子动力电池放电及温度特性

能耗和环境问题促使电动汽车快速发展, 锂离子电池在电动汽车储能系统中具有重要的作用. 锂离子动力电池的特性与环境温度紧密相关, 倍率放电容量特性、荷电状态-开路电压曲线是反映电池基本性能的重要特性指标, 也是电池管理系统设计需要参考的重要参数. 该文对圆柱18650三元锂离子动力电池进行了相关的性能试验, 研究了单体和电池组开路电压变化规律、不同放电倍率下的电池容量和不同温度下的电池容量, 为荷电状态估算方法的研究及电池管理系统设计积累了数据.     

Performance and Stability of Supercapacitor Modules based on Porous Carbon Electrodes in Hybrid Powertrain

Hybrid power sources have attracted much attention in the electric vehicle area. Particularly, electric-electric hybrid powertrain system consisting of supercapacitor modules and lithium-ion batteries has been widely applied because of the high power density of supercapacitors. In this study, we design a hybrid powertrain system containing two porous carbon electrode-based supercapacitor modules in parallel and one lithium ion battery pack. With the construction of the testing station, the performance and stability of the used supercapacitor modules are investigated in correlation with the structure of the supercapacitor and the nature of the electrode materials applied. It has been shown that the responding time for voltage vibration from 20 V to 48.5 V during charging or discharging process decreases from about 490 s to 94 s with the increase in applied current from 20 A to 100 A. The capacitance of the capacitor modules is nearly independent on the applied current. With the designed setup, the energy efficiency can reach as high as 0.99. The results described here provide a guidance for material selection of supercapacitors and optimized controlling strategy for hybrid power system applied in electric vehicles.     

基于电动汽车行驶数据的动力电池放电性能评估

随着动力电池在新能源汽车中的广泛应用,电池故障诊断、退役电池评价等问题亟需解决,评估电池健康状态成为动力电池领域的重要课题。 在分析电动汽车行驶数据的基础上,提出了一种评估锂离子动力电池放电性能的模型。 该模型针对电池实际工作数据充放电较为随机的特点进行了调整和适配,解决了传统评估模型难以适用于实际使用场景的问题。 该模型具有低复杂度,能够快速给出评估结果,适用于大批量的电池评估。 实验表明,该模型提取的放电性能指标具有随累积行驶里程的增加而下降的趋势。 根据灰色关联分析,放电性能指标和电池容量随里程的变化具有相似趋势,能够从电池实际工作情况中评估出电池当前的放电能力,为更全面地评估电池健康状态提供参考。     

基于神经网络的MH/Ni电池剩余容量预测

为有效地对电动车电池剩余容量进行预测，在分析了MH／Ni电池充放电过程的反应机理的基础上，应用改进算法的BP神经网络，建立了MH／Ni电池的神经网络模型，用于预测MH／Ni电池放电过程中某一状态下的剩余容量。结果表明，通过该网络模型可以方便快速的得到电池剩余容量及荷电状态的预测值，所得结果满足要求，为电池管理系统提供了一种新的预测方法。     

基于神经网络的MH/Ni电池剩余容量预测

为有效地对电动车电池剩余容量进行预测,在分析了 MH/Ni 电池充放电过程的反应机理的基础上,应用改进算法的 BP 神经网络,建立了 MH/Ni 电池的神经网络模型,用干预测 MH/Ni 电池放电过程中某一状态下的剩余容量.结果表明,通过该网络模型可以方便快速的得到电池剩余容量及荷电状态的预测值,所得结果满足要求,为电池管理系统提供了一种新的预测方法.     

电动汽车动力电池壳体力学特性研究

针对电动汽车动力电池的安全问题,本文基于ANSYS建立了电动汽车动力电池壳体力学分析的有限元模型,通过模态分析得出单体电池壳体的前5阶固有频率及振型,并利用有限元分析软件ANSYS中的LS-DYNA跌落模块,对电池壳体的有限元模型进行跌落仿真,仿真结果表明,电池从1.5m高度自由跌落时的最大应力为314MPa,电池壳体材料的屈服应力为685MPa,安全系数取1.5,故电池壳体的许用应力为456MPa,说明电池壳体跌落时的最大应力明显小于电池壳体的许用应力,因此,在电动车出现碰撞等事故时电池壳体不会发生屈服变形。该研究为电池结构的强度和刚度设计提供了理论依据,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于RFID技术的电动汽车电池管理方法

提出一种充放储一体化换电站中电动汽车电池的管理策略,给出RFID技术对电动汽车电池的管理方法,探讨能量单元高级管理平台软件.利用RFID管理技术实现电动汽车电池信息全程可追溯,可以提高电动汽车电池信息的采集速度与更换电池作业效率.该方法在电动汽车电池的SOC预测、换电站和梯次储能站与电网之间的功率流动控制等方面都有良好的应用前景.     

风光储混合发电系统优化设计与分析

针对风光储混合发电系统优化设计问题,在满足可靠性的前提下,结合风力发电机组、PV方阵、抽水蓄能电站、蓄电池组等元件的输出特性,以及能量交易系统的运行方式,以总系统成本最小为目标,建立了相应的优化模型.进而分析了可靠性约束、上网电价、能量交易系统容量,以及不同运行方式对风光储混合发电系统优化配置结果的影响,为混合系统的优化设计和运行提供了依据.     

Advances of graphene application in electrode materials for lithium ion batteries

The demands for better energy storage devices due to fast development of electric vehicles(EVs) have raised increasing attention on lithium ion batteries(LIBs) with high power and energy densities. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent progress in graphene-based electrode materials. Graphene with its great electrical conductivity and mechanical properties have apparently improved the performance of traditional electrode materials. The methods and electrochemical properties of advanced graphene composite as cathode and anode for LIBs are reviewed. Two novel kinds of graphene hybrid materials are specially highlighted: three-dimensional porous and flexible binder-free graphene-based materials. Challenges for LIBs and future research trend in the development of high-performance electrode materials are further discussed.     

模糊控制的镍氢镍镉电池充电系统研究

为了实现充电过程的智能控制,在研究镍镉、镍氢电池充电特性的基础上,用模糊控制技术对充电过程进行智能控制.以DS87C550单片机为控制核心,设计了一种针对镍镉、镍氢电池的智能充电系统.实验结果表明,该系统可对电池的复杂充电过程进行自适应控制,充电快速、效率高,充电安全,实现了充电过程的智能控制.     

Improved Electrochemical Performance of Surface-Modified Metal Hydride Electrodes

A novel plating process was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride (MH) electrode of the MH/Ni batteries. The electrode was plated with a thin nickel film about 0.1 μm thick by using multi-arc ion plating technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to analyze the electrodes. Influence of the surface modification on the performance of the MH/Ni batteries was studied. It is shown that the surface modification could enhance the electrode conductivity and decrease the batteries ohimic resistance by 28.2%. After surface modification, the discharge capacity of the batteries at 5C (8.5 A) is increased by 212 mA·h and discharge voltage is increased by 0.09 V. The surface modification also improves the cyclic durability of the batteries. The inner pressure of the batteries with modified electrode during overcharging is much lower than that with unmodified electrode. The experimental results demonstrate that this process is an effective way for the surface modification of the electrode of MH/Ni batteries.     

自适应模型与改进粒子滤波的电池RUL预测

为提高锂电池运行的安全性和可靠性并维护系统稳定运行,提出一种自适应混合模型与改进粒子滤波（particle filter, PF）算法的锂电池剩余使用寿命（remaining useful life, RUL）预测方法。采用经验模型与神经网络模型结合建立自适应混合模型描述电池容量退化趋势,并使用天牛须搜索（beetle antennae search, BAS）算法优化PF重采样步骤解决粒子多样性丧失问题,从而提高估计精度进而实现RUL的精准预测。应用NASA和CALCE公开的两组不同类型锂电池作为实验对象,验证模型的有效性并通过对比PF与改进PF算法验证RUL预测的准确性。结果表明:自适应混合模型对于电池容量变化的表达能力更强,既能考虑电池内部的参数变化又能反应电池外部环境的变化,基于BAS改进的PF（BAS-PF）方法相较于传统PF算法的估计精度更高而且RUL预测更准确,对于不同的预测起点,两块测试电池的RUL预测误差分别为5.88%、3.92%、1.96%和3.75%、1.25%、0%。自适应混合模型能更加有效地描述电池容量特征,基于自适应混合模型的BAS-PF算法的电池RUL预测能力更好,可靠性更强,有助于提高RUL预测的精度和表现。     

全钒液流电池在风电中的应用前景

风力发电具有不连续性和不稳定性,使其大规模并网运行受到限制。全钒液流电池是一种具有优良特性的新型蓄电储能设备,可以用作风力发电的配套储能装置,平滑风力发电的输出。综述了风电对储能电池系统的要求,全钒液流电池与其它电池系统的特性区别,以及全钒液流电池系统的技术发展概况。     

基于人工神经网络的电池容量预测

为有效地对电动车蓄电池的剩余容量SOC进行预测,引入了人工神经网络BP改进算法的Levenberg-M arquardt(LM)算法;建立了基于镍氢电池的神经网络模型;实现了对镍氢电池充放电过程中任一状态下的剩余容量的预测。结果表明,通过该网络模型可以方便快速的得到电池的SOC值,所得结果满足要求,为电池管理系统提供了一种新的电池SOC的预测方法。     

Bioleaching of Nickel and Cobalt from Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries by Acidithiobacilli spp

The Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(At.f) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (At.t) were used in bio-dissolution experiments of heavy metals in spent MH/Ni batteries. The influences of the initial pH value,the concentration of electrode materials,the temperature and substrate concentration on the leaching rate of heavy metal Ni,Co have been investigated. The obtained results indicate that the efficiency of nickel extraction and cobalt extraction is dependent on all of the mentioned factors. Especially,the initial pH value and the temperature have more effect than other factors for these microorganisms. In addition,the results show that the optimal leaching rate of Ni and Co in the spent MH/Ni batteries reaches to 95.7% and 72.4% respectively after 20 days under the conditions of the initial pH value 1.0,concentration of electrode materials 1.0%,temperature 30 ℃ and substrate(sulfur) concentration 4.0 g·L-1.     

车用动力电池全生命周期寿命预测方法

为准确量化车用动力电池老化程度,提升其行业利用率,实现电池的全生命周期剩余寿命(Remaining useful life, RUL)的精确预测,提出一种基于多系数模型的车用动力电池全生命周期寿命预测方法。该方法融合重组了传统的经验指数模型和改进后的多项式回归模型,重组后的模型能在实验数据分析的基础上追踪电池全生命周期内的寿命退化趋势。该方法采用粒子滤波(Particle filter, PF)思想在线调整模型参数,设计了针对动力电池不同状态,不同容量种类的算例预测电池的RUL,通过改进多项式回归模型,传统经验指数模型以及多系数模型的预测精度对比评估模型。实验结果表明：相较于经验指数模型和改进后的多项式回归模型,本文提出的多系数模型针对电池容量衰减具有更好的拟合能力;结合粒子滤波算法,该模型无论是对在役电池还是退役电池均具有高精度的寿命预测结果。该方法对不同容量的动力电池均能准确预测电池失效时间,在电池梯次利用行业具有一定的适用性。