New approach for calculating permanent deformation in asphalt pavement

A new approach using the Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG)sensor and viscoelastic model to monitor and analyze the internal strain and temperature of asphalt pavement is proposed.Some parameters including peak strain,temperature and loading time were calculated with the application of multi-dimensional sensors group.These parameters were incorporated with viscoelastic model of five units to evaluate the permanent deformation of pavement.An application example was conducted,and the results show that it is feasible to analyze and calculate the permanent deformation of pavement structures with FBG sensors.     

Harvesting energy from asphalt pavement by piezoelectric generator

This paper presents the way to harvest mechanical energy from asphalt pavement by piezoelectric generator. Results show that the potential energy in asphalt pavement can be up to 150 kW/h per lane per kilometre. Part of the mechanical energy can be harvested by piezoelectric transducers. The performance of seven typical transducers is examined through finite element analysis. Results show that PZT piles and multilayer, cymbal and bridge can work in asphalt pavement environment. PZT piles and multilayer have higher energy converting rate, However, the total harvested energy is small if these transducers are embedded directly in pavement. A prototype pavement generator is developed using PZT piles to increase the harvested energy. The generator can harvest more than 50 kW/h energy from the pavement under heavy traffic. 8-16 PZT piles are recommended for one generator. Round shape is suggested for the PZT piles to reduce the concentration of stress. And multilayer structure is recommended for PZT piles to decrease the electric potential of generator. The generator can be extended as sensor in the asphalt pavement, which can be used to monitor the traffic, pavement stress and temperature.     

Application of retardation time spectra of asphalt

To improve the performance of asphalt pavement, the dynamic and static tests of asphalt were used to measure its viscoelastic properties under different time. Based on the obtained data of static creep compliances and dynamic compliances according to the static creep test and dynamic test of asphalt using the dynamic shear rheometer, the discrete retardation time spectra were attained using the non-linear regression method. All viscoelastic functions are mathematically equivalent and belong to the same retardation time spectra, so the dynamic compliances of asphalt were converted to the static creep compliance using the retardation time spectra. Good correlations were found between calculation results and measurement results. In accordance to these findings, the retardation time spectra can accurately transform static and dynamic viscoelastic functions. Therefore, we can obtain viscoelastic properties over much larger time or frequency region than measurement results.     

Porous flame-retarded asphalt pavement for highway tunnel

A new way to improve the tunnel fire protection by using flame-retarded porous asphalt pavement containing ATH powders was introduced. Based on the miniature burning test designed and conducted, the burning time and temperature of porous asphalt （PA） and flame-retarded porous asphalt （FRPA） were studied comparing with cement concrete pavement, dense-graded lIMA and SMA. Results of burning test and pavement performance test indicate that FRPA is appropriate and suitable as the pavement material of highway tunnel.     

Fatigue monitoring and analysis of orthotropic steel deck considering traffic volume and ambient temperature

Fatigue has gradually become a serious issue for orthotropic steel deck used for long-span bridges. Two fatigue effects, namely number of stress cycles and equivalent stress amplitude, were introduced as investigated parameters in this paper. Investigation was focused on their relationships with traffic volume and ambient temperature by using 7-months fatigue monitoring data of an actual bridge. A fatigue analytical model considering temperature-induced changes in material property of asphalt pavement was established for verifying these relationships. The analysis results revealed that the number of stress cycles and equivalent stress amplitude showed a linear correlation with the traffic volume and ambient temperature, respectively, and that the rib-to-deck welded joint was much more sensitive to the traffic volume and ambient temperature than the rib-to-rib welded joint. The applicability of the code-recommended model for fatigue vehicle loading was also discussed, which revealed that the deterministic vehicle loading model requires improvement to account for significant randomness of the actual traffic conditions.     

Thermal stress and fracture temperature prediction for flexible pavement

Analytical solutions of thermal stresses in multilayered elastic system whose materials characteristics are dependent on temperature are derived by a transfer matrix and integral transformation method.The resulting formulation is used to calculate thermal stresses in the low temperature cracking problem of asphalt pavement.Numerical simulations and analyses are performed using different structural combinations and material characteristics of base course.And fracture temperatures are predicted for a given flexible pavement constructed with three types of asphalt mixtures based on the calculated results and experimental data.This approach serves as a better model for real pavement structure as it takes into account the relationships between the material characteristics and temperature in the pavement system.     

Microscopic and dynamic rheological characteristics of crumb rubber modified asphalt

A test for crumb rubber modified asphalt containing 20% crumb rubber particles(30 mesh) was performed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM).The experimental results indicate that the crumb rubber particles are evenly distributed in the asphalt.Shear rate sweep and shear-temperature sweep tests on the crumb rubber modified asphalt at-20-80 ℃ using a dynamic shear rheology(DSR) instrument,were carried out.The tests show that the complex modulus decreases with increasing temperature;at equivalent temperature,higher load frequencies lead to a larger complex modulus,and this value increasingly decreases as the temperature increases;the phase angle increases with temperature and decreases as the load frequency increases.It can be concluded that the rutting resistance limiting temperature of crumb rubber modified asphalt is 78 ℃,and the anti-fatigue limiting temperature is 16 ℃,which shows that the asphalt has preferable rutting resistance characteristics at high temperature,as well as anti-fatigue characteristics.In addition,the complex modulus master curve at different temperatures was plotted according to the time temperature equivalence principle,which allows the study of the dynamic state behavior of crumb rubber modified asphalt at a wide range of load frequency.     

Solution of pavement temperature field in ＂Environment-Surface＂ system through Green＇s function

In order to simplify the boundary conditions of pavement temperature field, the ＂Environment-Surface＂ system which considered the natural environment and pavement surface was established. Based on this system, the partial differential equations of the one-dimensional heat conduction in the pavement were established on the basis of the heat transfer theory. Furthermore, the function forms of the initial and boundary conditions of the equations were created through the field experiments. The general solution of the pavement one-dimensional heat conduction partial differential equations was acquired by using Green＇s function, and the explicit expression of pavement temperature field under specific constraint conditions was derived. For the purpose of analysis, the pavement temperatures in different seasons were calculated using the explicit expression of pavement temperature field, and the calculation accuracy was analyzed through the comparison between measured and calculated values. Then, the relationship between fitting accuracy and calculation accuracy of pavement temperatures was analyzed. The analysis results show that： the usage of ＂Environment-Surface＂ system simplifies the calculation of pavement temperature field; the relative error between calculated and measured values is generally less than 7% and is seldom influenced by seasons; there is a positive correlation between the calculation accuracy and the fitting accuracy of pavement surface temperature; high fitting accuracy would result in less error of pavement temperature prediction.     

Research on the effect of the common flame retardant in reducing the flammability of the bitumen

The bituminous defect that the binder is flammable will bring road safety risk.Once it catches fires,large quantities of heat,smoke and poisonous gas are produced,released and spread quickly,which seriously hinder escape and rescue and harms heavily traffic safety.The common flame retardant system is used to modify the asphalt.Cone Calorimeter is adopted to evaluate the burning property of asphalt.The performance of the flame retardant is evaluated by limiting oxygen index and orthogonal design method.The paper analyzes the synergism of the asphalt and flame-retardant,and analyzes the effect of the flame on preventing the smoke to spread and demonstrates that the use of common flame retardants which is added into binder is good at reducing the flammability of the binder.This way can increase the safety of asphalt pavement when fire occurs in the tunnel.The study suggests that flame retardancy of asphalt can be evaluated by Limit Oxygen Index (LOI) and the flame retardancy property of asphalt has marked change according to the content of flame retardant.SB has perfect flame retardancy property,and ATH is better than MH in the effect of flame retardant.     

Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis on the Layer Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pavement:A New Type of Pavement Material

An investigation was conducted on the design of layer steel liber reinforced concrete (LSFRC) pavement. Finite element method was applied to the analysis on the stress distribution in order to determine the thickness and segregation distance of LSFRC pavement slabs.     

沥青路面施工中的离析与防治措施

离析现象是沥青路面施工过程中经常出现的问题,严重的离析会导致沥青混合料的各种力学性能和使用性能的下降,严重影响路面的施工质量,并造成路面的破坏,缩短路面的寿命。对沥青混凝土路面施工中的级配离析、温度离析和碾压离析现象的原因进行分析和讨论,并提出了相应的改进工艺措施和防治技术。     

Experimental Study of the Temperature Distribution of Solar Collector Pavement

Black asphalt road have excellent properties to collect the solar radiation and good use of asphalt absorb solar energy is a new energy technology. Asphalt is a sticky plastic material,its modulus and strength will change with temperature and the actual bearing capacity of pavement structure will change as well. A new method was used to evaluate the temperature change of asphalt pavement. By simulate solar radiation on asphalt sample to study the change of the temperature field. The temperature distribution of the asphalt concrete under the same light radiation and circulating water was also studied. The results indicate that this method can be a good simulation of solar collectors on the surface temperature field.     

沥青路面摊铺均匀性评价方法试验研究

目的为了完善我国沥青路面建设中对路面摊铺均匀性进行评价的评价方法和评价手段.方法提出一致性检验评价法评价沥青路面摊铺均匀性,从沥青路面横、纵、竖向摊铺均匀性评价入手,采用无核密度仪和激光纹理仪两种无损检测手段评价路面横、纵向摊铺均匀性,运用取芯切片并结合数字图像处理方法评价路面竖向离析,在数据处理上,引入重复性标准偏差"Sr"、"SR"和一致性统计量"k"、"h"4个统计量及一致性统计量临界值"kcrit"和"hcrit"2个评定标准作为评价分析手段.结果"Sr"、"SR"值直观反映路面摊铺质量的差异,"k"、"h"、"kcrit"和"hcrit"值直观反映路面施工质量可接受水平.结论一致性检验评价法能全面有效的评价沥青路面摊铺质量的均匀性,能及时有效的反馈路面摊铺信息,并为指导后序生产提供有力的技术支持.     

Surface deflection-based reliability analysis of asphalt pavement design

The surface deflection of asphalt pavement reflects the strength and stiffness of the entire structure, which can be used to evaluate the rutting life of asphalt pavements. However, it is influenced by various stochastic variables including traffic loads, material properties and structural thickness of each pavement course. The uncertainty of above stochastic variables is of significance for accurately predicting the rutting life of asphalt pavement. In this study, the statistical characteristics of stochastic variables of asphalt pavement were assessed based on the field data collected from asphalt pavement projects. A unique formula with a fairly good accuracy was found using multiple linear regression based on numerical simulation results to ease the calculation of pavement deflection during the reliability analysis. It is shown that the stochastic variables of asphalt pavement can be well characterized by normal distribution or logarithmic normal distribution. The regressed formula to calculate the surface deflection of pavement has a fairly good accuracy with an error of less than 6.0% compared to the numerical method. The proposed surface deflection-based reliability analysis can be used easily to evaluate the influence of input parameters on the rutting life and to guide the structure design of asphalt pavement with required reliability.

     

多孔安山岩在沥青路面中的应用研究

采用沥青浸渍集料、浸渍集料混合料、浸渍沥青混合料3种不同的沥青浸渍法和计算法分别确定沥青混合料的最大理论相对密度,并进行配合比设计,确定最佳油石比。对比分析了沥青混合料的各项路用性能,对未掺加抗剥落剂、掺加液体抗剥落剂和掺加消石灰的安山岩沥青混合料,分别进行了常规水稳定性能试验和汉堡车辙试验。结果表明:较之计算法,采用沥青浸渍法确定安山岩沥青混合料的最大理论相对密度进行配合比设计得到的沥青混合料各项路用性能更优;汉堡车辙试验可以很好地评价沥青混合料的水稳定性能,对于多孔安山岩,掺加消石灰为提高沥青混合料水稳定性能的最佳措施。     

沥青混合料离析与空隙率的相关性分析

以SUP16型沥青混合料为例,对现场施工中不同离析状况的沥青混合料进行了性能分析和试验研究,分析了沥青混合料集料离析和温度离析与空隙率的变化关系,以及空隙率对沥青路面压实度和平整度的影响.结果表明:粗集料集中混合料的空隙率平均值为9.5,吸水率高达2.0,粗集料离析对沥青混合料性能的影响更严重;空隙率的变化受沥青混合料温度的影响很明显.随着温度降低幅度增加.空隙率与设计值的偏离增大.路面的压实质量和平整度变差.     

全温域条件下沥青路面永久变形预估方法

为了准确、快速预估沥青路面沥青层永久变形,以江西省泉南高速吉莲段为试验路段,从全温域角度出发,引入分区分级分层的思想,即温度分区、轴载分级、路面分层,建立了全温域条件下基于叠加原理的沥青路面永久变形预估方法.通过实测及模型计算得到沥青路面全年温度分布、沥青层沿深度的温度分布曲线和全年轴载分布.根据三轴重复荷载试验建立了SMA-13、AC-20、AC-25三种沥青混合料永久应变黏弹性力学修正模型,确定了不同温度区间的平均修正系数,可求解不同温度和偏应力下不同荷载作用次数的沥青混合料永久应变.通过原点增长累积和反算累积叠加两种方法计算得到设计年限内沥青路面沥青层的永久变形.计算结果表明,泉南高速吉莲段按原点法和反算法的容许永久变形使用年限分别为6年和12年。反算法准确度更可靠,更贴合实际。同时,提出了全温域条件下基于叠加原理的沥青路面永久变形预估修正模型,并建立了基于全温域温度分布的沥青路面温度区间内的平均永久变形量与荷载作用次数关系方程和永久变形与温度区间内的平均永久变形量、温度分布频率的关系方程,为全温域条件下沥青路面永久变形快速预估提供一种新方式.     

沥青稠度对SMA路用性能影响研究

通过采用不同标号的沥青对ＳＭＡ混合料进行了较为系统的路用性能试验研究,分析了沥青稠度对沥青混合料高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、抗疲劳性能的影响。研究结果表明,采用低标号沥青的ＳＭＡ混合料比高标号沥青具有更为优越的路用性能。     

柔性基层改善沥青路面半刚性底基层温度状况分析

半刚性沥青路面反射裂缝产生的原因之一是半刚性基层温度变化引起的，半刚性基层和沥青面层之间加入柔性基层可有效地防止沥青路面出现反射裂缝，根据传热学原理，采用有限单元法对吉林通化试验路3种路面结构半刚性基层顶部温度状况进行了对比，分析结果表明无论夏季或冬季，柔性基层都能有效地改善沥青路面半刚性基层的温度状况，从而减少或消除沥青路面出现反射裂缝．     

沥青路面未确知测度结构优选模型

高速公路投资额巨大,需要科学的路面结构选择方法。针对高速公路沥青路面结构方案评价过程中存在着许多不确定的知识和信息,应用未确知测度数学方法建立了高速公路沥青路面结构优选评价模型,该方法对评价空间实现了有序分割,通过建立多指标综合测度评价矩阵对不同方案进行识别排序。应用该模型对3种典型路面结构进行了综合评价。结果表明,采用该方法得到的评价结果能够较为客观地反映沥青路面结构的综合性能。