Influence of carboxyl groups on the particle size and rheological properties of polyacrylate latices

The PAL was synthesized with BA,MMA and some monomers containing carboxyl groups(for example,acrylic acid(AA) and methacrylic acid(MAA)) as co-monomers by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization technique.The influences of alkalinization temperature,the feeding manner of AA or MAA on the particles size,rheological properties and carboxyl distribution of the latex were discussed,and the rheological mechanism was analyzed.The experimental results show that the PAL system has preferable viscosity and particle size when the alkalinization temperature is 50 ℃.Different distribution of carboxyl group in the particles and different resultant rheological properties are obtained by different feeding manner of AA or MAA into the system.The TEM images show that the particle is a smooth globe with carboxyl group concentrating on the surface and stabilized with electric double layer and nonionic adsorbed layer.The concentration of carboxyl functional group on the surface of particles can be achieved by the specific polymerization technique.The rheologyical properties are determined by accretion of particle volume and variation of the two phase volume ratio resulted from the carboxyl group spreading layer.     

The structure and properties of Fe3O4／P （NaUA-St-BA）magnetic composite nano particles

Fe3O4/P (NaUA-St-BA) core-shell composite micro spheres were in situ prepared by soapless polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate, with Fe3O4 magnetic colloidal particles coated with NaUA. The results of IR and XRD analysis demonstrated that the desired polymer chains have been covalently bonded to the surface of Fe3O4 nano particles. The morphology analysis by TEM confirmed that the composite particles have the core-shell structure and a relatively uniform diameter of about 100nm. The magnetic properties of the obtained composite latex particles were measured by VSM and found that they exhibited super paramagnetic properties.Finally, the prepared magnetic composite particles latex is stable for several months.     

Polymer grafting modification of the surface of nano silicon dioxide

Based on the composite modification technology of the surface of nano silicon dioxide by non-soap emulsion polymerization,it is verified that there are polymer grafted on the surface of nano silicon dioxide.The modification mechanism and the boding status on the surface of nano silicon dioxide after modification were suggested via the results of the infrared spectrum,transmission electronic microscope photograph and X-ray photoelectron spectrum.The hydroxyl formed by hydrolyzing of silane coupling agent reacts with hydroxyl on the surface of nano silicon dioxide to form Si-O-Si bonds by losing water molecules and hence the double bonds are introduced onto the surface of nano silcon dioxide,The surface of nano silicon dioxide is grafted with polymer through free radical polymerization between the double bonds on the surface of nano silicon dioxide and strene under the action of initiating agent,The dispersbility of nano silicon dioxide and the cotrollability of surface modification of nano silicon dioxide can be greatly improved by the modification process.     

Modification of nanometer calcium carbonate for water-borne architectural coatings

A kind of modifier was synthesized to modify the surface of nanometer calcium carbonate (abbreviated as nano-CaCO3), which is used in architectural coatings. The modification technology of the nano-CaCO3 was studied through orthogonal experimental methods. The factors studied were rotation speed, modifier dosage, emulsification temperature, emulsification time and heat aging time after emulsification. Optimized conditions for modification of the surface were rotation speed 16000 r/min; modifier dosage 3%; emulsification temperature 75 ℃; emulsification time 60 min and aging time 40 min. The modified nano-CaCO3 was also studied by size-distribution measurements, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The results show that the size distribution of the modified nano-CaCO3 is uniform and that there are chemi-sorption and physi-sorption between the nano-CaCO3 and the modifier. Compared to traditional architectural coatings without nano-CaCO3, the nanometer composite coatings are obviously improved in respect to dirt resistance, scrub resistance, thixotropy, water resistance, alkalinity resistance and aging resistance.     

Synthesis of Composite Nanoparticles Bearing Epoxy Functional Groups：Encapsulation of Silica by Emulsion Polymerization of GMA

Poly （ glycidyl methacrylate ） / silica （PGMA/silica） composite nanoparticles , containing epoxy functional groups on the surface, were synthesized via emulsion polymerization. With batch process, high yield and binding efficiency （ both around 90% ） were achieved. The amount of crosslinked GMA was approximately 8wt%- 14wt% to the polymerized monomer. It was found that both the encapsulating ratio and the number of the original silica beads per composite particles altered with the amount of silica added. The obtained particles, with their average particle size of about 60- 70 nm, had a spherical shape and a clear core- shell structure.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano-CaCO_3/Polypropylene Foam Sheets

By applying the reinforcing and toughening effect of calcium carbonate(CaCO_3)nano- particles on polypropylene,foam sheets of good performance were successfully fabricated by extrusion.The equipment and conditions of the extrusion were explored.The mechanical properties of the produced foam sheets were tested.The effect of CaCO_3 nano-particles on the mechanical properties and the cellular structure of the sheets was comprehensively studied.The experimental results show that the optimum content of CaCO_3 nano-particles in the composite material was～4wt%.At this content,the nano-particles were well dispersed in the substrate,and the composite material had maximum tensile strength and impact strength.Surface treatment of the nano-particles only affected the impact strength of the composite material.CaCO_3 micro-particles,on the other hand,showed little effect on the properties of the composite material when the micro-particles content was less than 5 wt%.At a content higher than 5wt%,the properties of the composite material significantly worsened.     

Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion in HDPE/HA Composites by Surface Modification of HA Particles via in situ Polymerization and Copolymerization

Hydroxyapatite （ HA ）- reinforced high density polyethylene （HDPE） was developed as a bone replacement material,In order to enhaace the interfacial bonding between HA and polyethylene and improve the mechanical properties of HDPE/ HA composites, the surface of the micron-sized HA particles was modified by in situ polymerization of butyl acrylate （ BA ） and in situ copolymerization of vinyl triethoxyl silane （ VTES ） and BA , then the modifwd HA particles were compounded with HDPE. The effects of the surface modification of HA on morphology and mechanical properties of HDPE/ HA composites were investigated. The experimental results show that the presence of HA particles does tuft inhibit the polymerization of BA . The poly（ butyl acrylate） （ PBA ） segments on the HA surface enhance the compatibility between HA and HDPE, improve the dispersion of HA particles in HDPE matrix, and enhance the interfacial adhesion between HA and matrix. Surface modifieations , especially by in situ copolymerization of VTES and BA, significantly increase notch impact strengths and marginal stiffness and tensile strengths of HDPE/HA composites. And it is found that there is a critical thickness of PBA coating on HA panicles for optimum mechanical properties of HDPE / HA composites.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Nano- CaCO3/Polypropylene Foam Sheets

By applying the reinforcing and toughening effect of calcium carbonate （CaCO3） nanoparticles on polypropylene, foam sheets of good performance were successfully fabricated by extrusion. The equipment and conditions of the extrusion were explored. The mechanical properties of the produced foam sheets were tested. The effect of CaCO3 nano-particles on the mechanical properties and the cellular structure of the sheets was comprehensively studied. The experimental results show that the optimum content of CaCO3 nano-particles in the composite material was -4wt%. At this content, the nano-particles were well dispersed in the substrate, and the composite material had maximum tensile strength and impact strength. Surface treatment of the nano-particles only affected the impact strength of the composite material. CaCO3 micro-particles, on the other hand, showed little effect on the properties of the composite material when the micro-particles content was less than 5 wt%. At a content higher than 5wt%, the properties of the composite material significantly worsened.     

Interface Characteristics Between Colloidal Gold and Kaolinite Surface by XPS

The distribution of gold colloids in kaolinite and the interaction between gold and kaolinite surface were investigated by transmission electron mieroscotgy （TEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （ XPS ）. There is strong interaction between the gold particles and the edge surfaces of kaolinite, in low pH solution, the edge surface of kaolinite is positively charged and electrostutic attrcactive force between colloide gold panicles and the positive edge surface of kaolinite woald facilitate the adsorption of colloidal gold particles onto the suface. TEM observation shows that the aggregate morphology of gold particles was dominated by particle-particle interaction and gold particles were adsorbed on the edge surface of kaolinite crystals , resulting from the electrostatic attractive force between colloidal gold particles and the positice surfaces of kaolinite. XPS data show that in Au4 f electron spectra there are four energy peaks related to gold, 83.8 eV, 85.7 eV, 87.5 eV, and 89.4 eV, respectively, which suggests that in chemical states there are metallic gold and Au bonded to O, similar to the form of Au2O3 , and composite Au2O3 is formed between the edge surface of kaolinite and colloidal gold surface.     

Experimental Research on the Dynamic Energy Absorbing Capacity of the Honeycomb Paperboard Filled with Polyurethane

A kind of composite buffering material was made by filling the voids of honeycomb paperboard with polyurethane. Drop tests were performed to evaluate the dynamic energy absorption capacity of the material. Based on the tests results, the mechanical behaviors of the material under low velocity dynamic impact conditions were analyzed. It was shown that the absorbed energy of the composite material varies inversely with the void diameter. The absorbed energy of the composite material is 1 - 2 times than that of honeycomb paperboard and polyurethane. The energy absorption efficiency of the composite material is better than those of honeycomb paperboard and polyurethane.     

Synthesis of nano-CaCO_3 composite particles and their application

Nano-calcium carbonate composite particles were synthesized by the soapless emulsion polymerization technique of dou-ble monomers. The composite particles formation mechanism was investigated. The effects of composite particles on the mechanical properties of nano-CaCO3-ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) composite material were studied. It was validated that the composite particles are made up of the nano-calcium carbonate cores and the shells of alternating copolymers of butyl acrylate (BA) and styrene (St). The shells are chemically grafted and physically wrapped on the surface of nano-calcium carbonate particles.When the composite particles were filled in ABS matrix, the CaCO3 particles are homogeneously dispersed in the composite material as nanoscales. The impact strength of the composite material is obviously enhanced after idling appropriate amounts of composite particles. It can be concluded that the soapless emulsion polymerization of double monomers is an effective method for nano-CaCO3 surface treatment.     

PMMA/SiO_2复合颗粒制备与表征

乳液聚合是对纳米颗粒改性的常用方法,但聚合效果不好且对改善纳米颗粒的分散作用不大。本实验引入硅烷自组装单分子层,采用无皂微乳液聚合法制备PMMA/SiO2复合颗粒。EDS、FTIR、TEM、LSS分析表明,纳米SiO2通过硅烷功能化,可以更有效地与MMA发生化学键合。复合颗粒在水中分散效果明显改善,不规则形状纳米SiO2通过组装而接近球形结构。复合颗粒具有很好的有机相容性和分散稳定性。     

PMMA／SiO2复合颗粒制备与表征

乳液聚合是对纳米颗粒改性的常用方法。但聚合效果不好且对改善纳米颗粒的分散作用不大。本实验引入硅烷自组装单分子层，采用无皂微乳液聚合法制备PMMA／SiO2复合颗粒。EDS、FTIR、TEM、LSS分析表明．纳米SiO2通过硅烷功能化，可以更有效地与MMA发生化学键合。复合颗粒在水中分散效果明显改善。不规则形状纳米SiO2通过组装而接近球形结构。复合颗粒具有很好的有机相容性和分散稳定性。     

POM/CaCO_3及POM/COPA/CaCO_3纳米复合材料的性能

采用物理共混法制备了聚甲醛/纳米碳酸钙(POM/ CaCO3)及聚甲醛/纳米碳酸钙/共聚酰胺共聚物(POM /CaCO3/COPA)复合体系,并对其进行研究,探讨了CaCO3的用量及COPA的加入对共混体系性能的影响,考察了复合材料的热性能,并用扫描电镜观察了复合材料的形貌.结果表明,当nano-CaCO3质量分数为2%时,POM/nano-CaCO3体系的缺口冲击强度出现最大值,比纯POM提高了约50%;同时,nano-CaCO3的加入还在不同程度上提高了POM的热稳定性.COPA的加入没有起到预期的效果,反而使体系的力学性能下降.     

无机/有机掺杂CdTe/PMMA的合成

采用乳液聚合的方法合成了CdTe/SiO_2/PMMA复合粒子.为了改善微乳体系中CdTe量子点与MMA的相容性,发生聚合物反应前在水/油微乳液体系中采用TEOS的水解合成了二氧化硅修饰的CdTe/SiO_2纳米粒子.扫描电镜显示CdTe/SiO_2/PMMA复合粒子的直径比CdTe/SiO_2纳米粒子的直径略大,为1μm左右.并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)和荧光光谱仪对产物进行了表征.结果表明CdTe表面的SiO_2粒子在复合材料中起着物理交联点和化学交联点作用,所合成材料不易产生相分离现象.     

Z-CoS2-MoS2/rGO的合成及电化学储锂性能

为了研发比容量高和循环性能稳定的电化学储锂电极材料,用二甲基咪唑钴(ZIF-67)作为Co源前驱体,通过一步水热法制备Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO(还原氧化石墨烯)复合材料,研究微观结构和电化学储锂性能. 结果表明,与采用CoCl₂作为钴源制得的CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO相比,Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO复合材料中CoS₂粒子有着更加细小和较均匀的粒径,很好地分散在MoS₂和rGO表面,形成了相应的异质结构. 作为电化学储锂电极材料,Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO的可逆比容量可以达到1 092 mA·h/g,经900次循环后在500 mA/g电流密度下保持了941 mA·h/g的储锂可逆比容量,显示了稳定的充放电循环性能. Z-CoS₂-MoS₂/rGO优异的电化学储锂性能主要归因于该双金属硫化物复合材料具有较多的电化学储锂电极反应电对以及复合材料中CoS₂纳米颗粒、MoS₂纳米片和rGO之间均匀的复合及所形成的异质结构.     

TiO2／PBA／PMMA核壳粒子的制备与表征

纳米粒子是热力学不稳定体系，容易发生颗粒团聚。为了更好地改善纳米粒子的分散性,本文报道利用乳液聚合的方法制备以表面处理过的纳米二氧化钛为核丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳的TiO2／PBA／PMMA复合粒子。分析二氧化钛、乳化剂、引发剂、反应温度和超声震荡时间等因素对聚合反应单体转化率的影响，并表征核壳复合粒子。结果表明，利用乳液聚合方法制备的二氧化钛粒子为核壳结构。平均粒径为251nm。其粒径分布较未改性纳米TiO2明显变窄,改善了纳米粒子的分散性。     

TiO_2/PBA/PMMA核壳粒子的制备与表征

纳米粒子是热力学不稳定体系,容易发生颗粒团聚。为了更好地改善纳米粒子的分散性,本文报道利用乳液聚合的方法制备以表面处理过的纳米二氧化钛为核丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯为壳的TiO2/PBA/PMMA复合粒子。分析二氧化钛、乳化剂、引发剂、反应温度和超声震荡时间等因素对聚合反应单体转化率的影响,并表征核壳复合粒子。结果表明,利用乳液聚合方法制备的二氧化钛粒子为核壳结构,平均粒径为251 nm,其粒径分布较未改性纳米TiO2明显变窄,改善了纳米粒子的分散性。