ZG20SiMn铸钢的应变疲劳行为研究

为了深入理解ZG20SiMn铸钢在应变疲劳期间的循环变形及断裂行为,在应变控制模式下针对ZG20SiMn铸钢的疲劳行为进行了研究.结果表明,在应变控制的加载模式下,ZG20SiMn铸钢可表现为循环硬化和循环稳定特征,主要取决于外加总应变幅的高低,且其弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与疲劳断裂时的载荷反向周次之间表现为单斜率线性行为.透射电镜分析结果表明,ZG20SiMn的疲劳变形机制主要为波状滑移机制.扫描电镜分析结果表明,在不同的外加总应变幅下,疲劳裂纹均以穿晶方式萌生于ZG20SiMn铸钢试样表面,并以穿晶方式扩展.     

Q345高周疲劳失效机理及固有耗散能研究

双相钢Q345多用于建筑或机械结构的承力构件,循环载荷的长期作用使得构件在低于其静强度的载荷条件下发生疲劳断裂,经济可靠的强度设计需要对材料的疲劳失效进行研究。作者利用电磁谐振高频疲劳试验机,在载荷频率140 Hz、应力比为-1条件下,得到不同失效概率时材料高周疲劳（10⁴周次< 疲劳寿命< 10⁷周次）应力-寿命（S-N）曲线。利用扫描电子显微镜观察材料受到循环载荷作用后的显微结构的变化和疲劳失效后试样的断面微观形貌,研究材料疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。同时,利用红外热像仪记录Q345试样表面的温度场随循环载荷作用周次的变化,研究材料在高频循环载荷作用下的固有耗散能。双相钢Q345在高频循环载荷作用下的疲劳失效主要是由于铁素体-珠光体双相结构在循环载荷作用下的微观强度差异使得微观裂纹首先萌生于相对薄弱的铁素体晶粒,且随循环载荷周次的增加而裂纹逐渐扩展。珠光体晶粒对疲劳裂纹的扩展起阻碍作用,使得疲劳裂纹沿铁素体或铁素体与珠光体之间的晶界向前扩展。当载荷幅值低于其高周疲劳极限时,试样表面温升不明显;有限寿命的载荷条件下,试样表面温度场的变化受到材料微观变形的影响,基于试样表面温度场的变化,能快速确定材料的高周疲劳强度极限。高频循环载荷作用下,单位体积材料的固有耗散能与载荷之间呈非线性关系,在热力学框架内建立了材料的固有耗散能表征模型。     

地质勘探钻头失效机理研究

结合地质勘探钻头破岩机理对失效的地质勘探钻头本体和合金齿(WC-Co硬质合金)进行了失效分析.通过对钻头本体的失效分析认为冲击端面失效机理为冲击疲劳,花键失效则是严重塑性变形后压渍剥落.通过对合金齿脱落、断裂、磨损三种失效形式的分析认为冲击剥落、磨粒磨损、冲击疲劳和冲击热疲劳等交叠作用是导致合金齿失效的原因,并阐明了形成的机理和主导因素.     

钨铬合金白口铸铁的外约束型热 疲劳特性

为开发钨铬合金白口铸铁轧辊的新型材料，对在外约束条件下的热疲劳行为进行了研究。结果表明：影响其外约束热疲劳抗力的主要因素是屈服温主工和强度，屈服温度越高，屈服强度越大，热疲劳抗力直工大；     

高强度螺栓断裂失效分析

借助化学分析、金相检验、扫描电镜和力学性能测试等手段对发生断裂的高强度螺栓的显微组织、力学性能、宏观和微观断口形貌等进行了研究。结果表明,螺栓在表面处理过程中,产生氢致裂纹,在应力作用下,发生氢脆断裂。     

抗爆型聚脲涂层性能及其防护钢筋混凝土板接触爆炸与断裂机制研究

本文借助动态热机械实验，研究Qtech T26抗爆型聚脲（T26聚脲）的动态热机械性能；采用10kg TNT接触爆炸试验，研究T26聚脲防护钢筋混凝土板在接触爆炸作用下的防护性能；基于Williams-Landel-Ferry方程拟合T26聚脲的损耗模量、储能模量和损耗因子主曲线，并采用扫描电子显微镜对涂层防护钢筋混凝土板迎爆面和背爆面涂层的典型区域进行微观断口形貌分析，探讨其断裂机制。结果表明：T26聚脲受荷载频率影响明显，在外界荷载作用频率大于等于1000Hz时，T26聚脲的损耗因子保持在0.24以上，吸能效率高；喷涂10mm T26聚脲涂层的钢筋混凝土板在10kg TNT接触爆炸破坏下，背爆面涂层完整，无任何破片飞出；T26聚脲在爆炸荷载作用下的断裂机制表现为高温力学性能失效机制、高温与冲击荷载耦合断裂机制、高速荷载脆性断裂机制和拉伸断裂机制；背爆面最大变形区域为纵向变形区域外侧的圆环区，背爆面中心区域在防护过程中承受爆炸荷载作用，出现少量脆性破坏。Qtech T26聚脲实现了大当量接触爆炸零破片的防护效果，这一效果对实际工程中结构爆炸防破片具有极高的应用价值。     

抗爆型聚脲涂层性能及其防护钢筋混凝土板接触爆炸与断裂机制研究

本文借助动态热机械实验,研究Qtech T26抗爆型聚脲（简称为T26聚脲）的动态热机械性能;采用10 kg 三硝基甲苯（trinitrotoluene,TNT）接触爆炸试验,研究T26聚脲防护钢筋混凝土板在接触爆炸作用下的防护性能;基于Williams-Landel-Ferry方程拟合T26聚脲的损耗模量、储能模量和损耗因子主曲线,并采用扫描电子显微镜对涂层防护钢筋混凝土板迎爆面和背爆面涂层的典型区域进行微观断口形貌分析,探讨其断裂机制。结果表明：T26聚脲受频率影响明显,在热机械性能层面印证了T26聚脲的应变率敏感性;在外界荷载作用频率大于等于1000 Hz时,T26聚脲的损耗因子保持在0.24以上,吸能效率高;喷涂10 mm T26聚脲涂层的钢筋混凝土板在10 kg TNT接触爆炸破坏下,背爆面涂层完整,无任何破片飞出;迎爆面T26聚脲与混凝土未脱离,T26聚脲与混凝土界面之间在表面处理之后附着力较好,在爆炸产生的拉伸波作用下,涂层与混凝土间仍有良好的附着性。T26聚脲在爆炸荷载作用下的断裂机制表现为高温力学性能失效机制、高温与冲击荷载耦合断裂机制、高速荷载脆性断裂机制和拉伸断裂机制;背爆面最大变形区域为纵向变形区域外侧的圆环区,背爆面中心区域在防护过程中承受高应变率荷载,出现少量脆性破坏。T26聚脲实现了接触爆炸零破片的防护效果,这一效果对实际工程中结构爆炸防破片具有极高的应用价值。     

Comparison of Biotribology of Swine Compact Bone Against UHMWPE

A pin-on-disk tribometer was used, in a comparative test to observe the tribological behavior of the swine femoral bone against UHMWPE with dry friction, physiological water and human plasma lubrication. The wear mechanisms of swine bones and UHMWPE were investigated by SEM. The experimental results of these wear tests demonstrated that both the friction coefficient and wear rate of UHMWPE were the lowest when human plasma lubrication was used. The wear mechanism of the compact bone was mainly fatigue wear with dry friction, corrosive wear under physiological water lubrication and abrasive wear with human plasma lubrication. For UHMWPE, the wear mechanism was adhesive wear and plastic deformation with dry friction, serious ploughing and fatigue fracture wear under physiological water lubrication, fine ploughing and plastic deformation with human plasma lubrication. An analysis of nitrogen elements on the wear surface of UHMWPE indicated that the content of nitrogen in worn areas was 16 times higher than that in unworn areas, which proved that serum protein deposition occurred on worn areas.     

Mechanical properties and failure characteristics of fractured sandstone with grouting and anchorage简

Based on uniaxial compression experimental results on fractured sandstone with grouting and anchorage, we studied the strength and deformation properties, the failure model, crack formation and evolution laws of fractured sandstone under different conditions of anchorage. The experimental results show that the strength and elastic modulus of fractured sandstone with different fracture angles are significantly lower than those of intact sandstone. Compared with the fractured samples without anchorage, the peak strength, residual strength, peak and ultimate axial strain of fractured sandstone under different anchorage increase by 64.5–320.0%, 62.8–493.0%, and 31.6–181.4%, respectively. The number of bolts and degree of pre-stress has certain effects on the peak strength and failure model of fractured sandstone. The peak strength of fractured sandstone under different anchorage increases to some extent, and the failure model of fractured sandstone also transforms from tensile failure to tensile–shear mixed failure with the number of bolts. The pre-stress can restrain the formation and evolution process of tensile cracks, delay the failure process of fractured sandstone under anchorage and impel the transformation of failure model from brittle failure to plastic failure.     

Incoloy 825镍基合金的低周疲劳行为

为了研究Incoloy 825镍基合金的循环应力响应行为和低周疲劳行为,在室温和760℃下进行外加总应变幅控制下的疲劳实验,确定了合金在不同温度下的应变疲劳参数.利用透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了合金疲劳变形后的位错亚结构与断口形貌.结果表明,室温下合金呈现先循环硬化后循环软化的特征,而在760℃下合金则呈现先循环硬化后循环软化或循环稳定的特征.在不同温度下合金的塑性应变幅、弹性应变幅与断裂时的载荷反向周次之间均呈现单斜率线性关系,并分别服从Coffin-Manson和Basquin公式.在室温和760℃下合金的低周疲劳变形机制主要为平面滑移,且疲劳裂纹均以穿晶方式萌生和扩展.