Chemial Bond and Stability of Adsorption of [Au（ AsS3 ）]^2- on the Surface of Kaolinite

Density function theory and discrete variation method (DFT-DVM) were used to study the adsorption of [Au( AsS3 )]^2- on the surface of kaolinite. The correlation among structure, chemical bond and stability was discussed. Several models were selected with [ Au( AsS3)]^2- in different directions and sites. The results show that the models with gold on the edge of kaolinite basal layer contain pincerlike bond among gold and several oxygen atoms and form strong Au - 0 covalent bond, so these models are more stable than those with gold above or under the layer. The models with gold near to [ AlO2(OH)4] octahedra are more stable than those with gold near to the vacancy withont aluminium. These two stable tendencies in kaolinite- [ Au( AsS3)]^2- are stronger than that in kaolinite-Au systems. The interaction between [ Au( AsS3 )]^2- and kaolinite is stronger than that between gold and kaolinite, and this interaction is strong enough to form the surface complexes.     

Adsorption behavior of cross-linked chitosan modified by graphene oxide for Cu（Ⅱ） removal

Cross-linked chitosan（CS）,cross-linked chitosan/graphene（CS/RGO10） and cross-linked chitosan/graphene oxide（CS/GO10） were prepared as adsorbents for Cu（Ⅱ）.The effects of pH,contact time,adsorbent dosage and initial concentration of Cu（Ⅱ） on the adsorbing abilities of CS,CS/RGO10 and CS/GO10 to Cu（Ⅱ） were investigated.The results demonstrate that the adsorption capacities of CS/GO10 and CS/RGO10 are greater than that of CS,especially at pH 5.0 and the adsorption capacities are 202.5,150 and 137.5 mg/g,respectively.Their behaviors obey the Freundlich isotherm model very well.Additionally,CS/GO10 has the shortest time to achieve adsorption equilibrium among them and can be used as a perspective adsorbent for Cu（Ⅱ）.     

河床沉积物中铬、铜的释放研究（Ⅱ）

以汾河太原段底泥为研究对象，选取两种具有代表性的重金属铬、铜，研究了钙对底泥中铬、铜的形态分布的影响；动态模拟流水情况下，底泥中铬、铜的升迁释放过程；模拟蓄水情况下，底泥中铜释放过程，结果表明，随着石灰投加量的增加，活性态以及形态3^#，5^#均有所减少，而形态4^#，6^#有所增加，在上覆水变清洁的情况下，底泥中的铬、铜有升迁释放倾向，但升迁速度都很慢，pH值和钙的浓度对铜的释放量有一定的影响。     

Adsorption and desorption properties of D318 resin for Cr（Ⅵ）

The adsorption capability of D318 resin for Cr(VI) was investigated by chemistry analysis. Experimental results show that D318 resin has the best adsorption ability for Cr(VI) at pH=3.16 in HAc-NaAc medium. The statically saturated adsorption capacity of the resin is 265.4 mg/g. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters, enthalpy change ΔH and free energy change ΔG ₂₉₈ of the adsorption reaction are 4.81 and −5.16 kJ/mol, respectively. The apparent activation energy E _a is 22.4 kJ/mol. The adsorption behavior obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The molar coordination ratio of the functional group of resin to Cr(VI) is 3:2. Cr(VI) adsorbed on D318 resin can be eluted by 5%NaOH-5%NaCl quantitatively. Foundation item: Project (Y304121) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China     

膨润土对废水中Cu~（2＋）的吸附性能研究

研究了钙基膨润土和钠基膨润土对废水中铜离子的吸附特性。结果表明,钠基膨润土和钙基膨润土的吸附行为都依赖于溶液的pH值,初始离子浓度和吸附剂用量。在低pH值时主要是H＋与Cu2＋竞争吸附位。pH值在3到7时基本的吸附机制是离子交换的过程。在高pH值（〉8.3）时,在膨润土颗粒表面形成氢氧化铜的吸附或沉淀。随初始金属离子浓度的增加去除率降低,而吸附剂的单位吸附量迅速增加。Cu2＋浓度为40mg/L时,钠基膨润土和钙基膨润土的去除率分别达98.4%和81.2%。钠基膨润土和钙基膨润土的最大吸附容量分别为26mg/g和12mg/g。     

Removal of Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from aqueous solution by adsorption on sugarcane pulp residue

Sugarcane pulp residue (SPR), a waste from sugar-refinery, which possesses a large surface area, can be used for removing chromium (Cr(III) and Cr(VI)) from wastewater. In this work, the kinetics, isotherms of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption and their removal by SPR were investigated. The results show that the removal percentages of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) increase with increasing SPR dosage and temperature and decrease with increasing SPR particle size and the initial concentration of chromium ions. However, the influence of pH value on the Cr(VI) removal differs from that of the Cr(III) removal. The Cr(VI) removal percentage decreases with increasing pH values, while the Cr(III) removal percentage increases with increasing pH value. The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) well fits with pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir adsorption isotherm can well describe the adsorption phenomena of chromium ions with the maximum adsorption capacity of 0.567 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 3.446 mg/g for Cr(III). Moreover, SPR reveals higher adsorption capacity for Cr(III) than that for Cr(VI), which implies that SPR has more potential application for Cr(III)-containing wastewater treatment than that for Cr(VI)-containing wastewater treatment. Foundation item: Projects(2006AA06Z374, 2007AA021304) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(2008SK2007) supported by the Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province, China     

Preparation of Granulated Adsorption Material of Water-quenched Slag/reetorite Composite for Removal of Cu（Ⅱ） Ions from Copper Smelter Wastewater

The preparation of granulated adsorption material of water-quenched slag/rectorite composite and the treatment of Cu （ Ⅱ ）-containing copper smelter wastewater with the adsorption material were studied. The experimental results showed that under the conditions with the mass ratio of water-quenched slag to rectorite of 1：1, 10% additive of industrial starch （IS）, and 50% water, and a calcination temperature of 400 ℃, the granulated adsorption material prepared had a density of 1.06 kg/m^3, a porosity of 62.29%, water absorption rate of 58.82%, and compressive strength of 2.22 MPa. The efficiency of wastewater treatment was the best, whereas the rate of spallation loss was low. Under the conditions of natural pH, with the addition of the granulated adsorption material of 0.05 g/mL, a reaction time of 40 minutes, and temperature of 25 ℃, the efficiency of the granulated adsorption material for the removal of Cu （ Ⅱ ） ions from the copper smelter wastewater attained 98.2%, and the quality indexes of the wastewater after treatment conformed with the first level of integrated wastewater discharge standard （GB8978-1996）. The reclamation of the used granulated adsorption material was carried out by de-sorption of the Cu （ Ⅱ） ions from the surface with 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution. The de-sorption rate was 96.4%, and the adsorption material can be reused many times to treat copper smelter wastewater.     

Fabrication and adsorption property of novel adsorbent for potential application to wastewater with Fe（Ⅲ） ions

The spherical macroporous cellulose（SMC） was fabricated using medical absorbent cotton as raw material and nano CaCO3 as porogenic agents.And then,the phenylglycine was grafted onto the SMC to obtain the novel spherical macroporous cellulose derivative adsorbent（PSMC）.FT-IR and scanning electron microscope（SEM） were employed to characterize the adsorbents and Fe3＋ ions served as model solute to evaluate the adsorption property of the adsorbents.The experimental results show that the amount of porogenic agents and the value of pH have obvious influence on adsorption capacity of the adsorbents.The data of adsorption kinetic and isotherm display that the adsorbents possess excellent equilibrium adsorption capacity（348.94 mg/g） and have a bright prospect and considerable potential in the treatment of Fe3＋ ions in wastewater.     

Adsorption of copper（ Ⅱ ） and chromium（Ⅵ） on diaspore

The adsorption of Cu（ Ⅱ ） and Cr（Ⅵ） on diaspore was studied with the help of X-ray diffraction analysis, BET measurement, zeta potential measurement and atomic adsorption spectrometry. The adsorption equilibrium almost reaches within 60 min. The adsorption isotherms of Cu（ Ⅱ ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could be well described by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacities of Cu（Ⅱ） and Cr（Ⅵ） are 1.944 and 1.292 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption percentage of Cr（Ⅱ ） increases with the increment of solution pH, but the adsorption percentage of Cr（Ⅵ） decreases. This could be explained by zeta potential theoretical and electrostatic attraction between metal ions and diaspore surface.     

Crystallization behavior of Fe_(78)Si_(13)B_9 metallic glass under high magnetic field

The effects of high magnetic field on the crystallization behavior of the Fe78Si13B9 metallic glass ribbon were studied. The samples were isothermal annealed for 30 min under high magnetic field and no field,respectively. Microstructure transformation during crystallization was identified by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the crystallizations of Fe78Si13B9 metallic glass processed under different conditions were that the precipitation of dendrite α-Fe(Si) and spher...     

Laser-field-induced magnon amplification in a magnetic semiconductor quantum well under an external magnetic field

The laser-field induced magnon amplification in a magnetic semiconductor quantum well under an external magnetic field was discussed, it is shown that when the laser frequency is near to the electron cyclotron frequency, no matter how weaker the laser field is, the magnon amplification always occurs. In case of fixed laser frequency, the optical absorption of magnons obeys the definite selection rule to the laser field strength. The rate of change of magnon occupation is calculated, and the amplification condition is given.     

Reaction Activity of Kaolinite Surfaces：Quantum Chemistry Calculations

The anion-kaolinite surface infractions and AuS - adsorption onto the surfaces of kaolinite were studied using the self-consistent-field discrete variation ( SCF - Xα - DV) method. Electronic structure and energies of the system of anion AuS- adsorbed on an atomic cluster of kaolinite were calculated. The results show that the systems with lower total energy are those AuS- adsorbed on the edge surfaces, which indicates that the systems of adsorption of AuS- on the edges are more stable relative to those adsorbed on the basal plane. On the other hand, bond order data suggest that significant shifting of atomic charge and the overlapping of electronic cloud between Au ( Ⅰ ) of the AuS- and the surface ions of kaolinite would take place in the systems with AuS - being adsorbed on the edges, especially at the she near A1 octahedra. Therqrore, it can be concluded that edge sites will dominate the complexation reactions of the surfaces of kaolinite, with negligible contributions from other fimctional groups on the basal plane, which are dominated by either siloxane sites in silica layers or aluminol sites in gibbsite layers.     

磁性类水滑石吸附水中磷的研究

为克服固定床吸附技术床层容易堵塞、不适合处理悬浮物浓度过高污水的限制,以在微米级四氧化三铁粉末表面共沉淀的方法制备一系列磁性Mg-Al,Zn-Al,Ca-Al,Mg-Fe,Zn-Fe和Ca-Fe类水滑石磷吸附剂,研究其对含磷酸盐废水的吸附性能.结果表明,这些磁性类水滑石化合物中二价和三价阳离子的组成对磷酸根吸附性能有显著影响,其中以Mg/Al投料比为2∶1制备的磁性类水滑石吸附剂吸附容量最高,饱和吸附容量达85.5mgP/g,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程.pH对吸附有一定的影响,在pH5～7范围内吸附效果较好.     

溶液酸度对磁性活性炭吸附性能和磁性能的影响

以太西无烟煤为原料、Fe3O4为添加剂制备煤基磁性活性炭,用不同浓度的盐酸溶液浸泡,测定酸液浸泡前后活性炭的碘值和亚甲蓝值,采用X射线衍射仪和振动样品磁强计分别测定、表征活性炭中含铁化合物的组成和磁性能.结果表明,溶液酸度对磁性活性炭的吸附性能和磁性能均有影响,当溶液酸浓度达到1mol/L时,磁性活性炭浸泡后的碘值提高了7.9%、达732.49mg/g,比磁化系数从259×10-7 m3/kg降低到7.16×10-7 m3/kg,但仍能采用磁场分选回收;当溶液酸浓度达到2mol/L时,磁性活性炭完全失磁.     

由舰船垂向分量磁场获得其三分量磁场的研究

三分量测磁仪使用不便,且造价较高,因此提出一种改进的磁场推算法.该法仅用舰船下方某平面上少量测量点的垂向磁场即可算出测量面下方所需场点的舰船三分量磁场.从理论上证明了该方法的可行性,建立了磁场推算的数学模型,在此基础上进行了船模实验.实验证明该算法可行,具有较高的推算精度,且算法直观,编程简单,计算速度快,可以方便地应用于工程实际,对舰船磁防护的研究具有重要价值.     

FTIR analysis of adsorption of poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride on kaolinite

The flocculation behavior of ultrafine kaolinite suspension was investigated through settlement tests and FTIR method was employed to probe the adsorption mechanism of flocculant on kaolinite. The results show that the maximum settling rate of kaolinite occurs at pH value of 3.33,which is close to the point of zero charge（PZC） of kaolinite （3.5）. This result is in good agreement with the double electric layer theory. Kaolinite suspension reaches the largest settling rate at a low concentration of 39 g/t for poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride（PDADMA） flocculant,whereas for polyacrylamides（PAM） the dosage is required to be 500 g/t. When macromolecule polymer is adsorbed on surface,kaolinite particles may be flocculant due to the bridging effect. There are cation flocculant characteristic bands on the spectrum of kaolinite but no obvious shifting. Thus,the adsorption of poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride on kaolinite surface is physical adsorption.     

磁性靶丸悬浮磁场的研究

在提高ICF能量增益的研究中,针对靶丸磁悬浮系统的结构,从磁偶板子的磁场分布开始,推导出悬浮磁场中的磁场分布情况,为磁悬浮系统的非线性精确控制提供了磁场分布的修正,提高系统控制的稳定性。     

A series of aminoamides used for flotation of kaolinite

N-(2-aminoethyl)-dodecanamide, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-dodecanamide, and N-(3-diethylaminoproyl)-dodecanamide used as collectors were studied for the flotation of kaolinite in the absence of additives at different pulp pHs as well as different collector contents. The effectiveness of the long chain aminoamides on pure kaolinite was demonstrated in laboratory scale flotation tests. The adsorption mechanism of the aminoamides onto kaolinite was investigated through zeta potential determinations and infrared spectrometry. The -98 μm size fractions of kaolinite, taken from Jiaxian Henan of China, were used in flotation. The hydrophilic group size of the aminoamides has a relatively less influence upon the floatability of pure kaolinite. The results suggest either the static-electric force or the coordinating bond adsorption mechanism of the aminoamides onto kaolinite depends on pulp pH.