神木煤显微组分热解的TG-MS研究

在TG-151热天平上考察了神木煤显微组分的热重特性，并用质谱对热解气体进行了在线检测分析．结果表明：镜质组比惰质组有较高的挥发分收率和较高的最大失重速率，较低的起始热解温度和热解峰温．对热解产生的气体的在线质谱分析表明，镜质组有较高的C1～C4轻质烃类和C6～C8芳香烃类收率，原煤居中，惰质组最少，反映了镜质组和惰质组在脂肪氢含量和芳香度方面的差异；同时镜质组比惰质组有较高的水生成，反映了镜质组较高的酚羟基含量对热解水生成的影响．而镜质组和惰质组CO2逸出的不同则反映了其含氧官能团含量的差异．各种热解气体不同的逸出强度和分布反映了镜质组和惰质组因组成不同而导致在热解反应性方面存在的差异．     

中国煤储层岩石物理学因素控气特征及机理

基于全国主要矿区或勘探区统计资料,总结了煤级、煤岩类型、显微组分组成等煤的岩石物理学因素与煤层含气量、吸附性、渗透性等之间的关系,探讨了煤储层岩石物理学特征的控气作用机理．发现煤级－含气量的“包络线”具有阶段性演化规律,最大含气量的显著变化与煤化作用阶跃高度一致,煤储层含气量较高的地区沿纬向等间距展布且与较高煤级煤分布区吻合,煤的兰氏体积与镜质组含量关系中存在一个镜质组含量临界值．指出不同煤化作用阶段控气作用的实质在于煤物理结构和化学结构的演化,沉积作用控气的思路对煤储层渗透率非均质性预测具有一定实践意义．     

煤显微组分热解过程中含硫气体逸出特性

在TG-151热天平上利用在线质谱仪考察了兖州煤及其显微组分热解过程中含硫气体的逸出特征，并根据不同含硫气体的逸出规律对兖州煤镜质组和惰质组中硫的存在形态进行了分析，果表明：镜质组在480C左右有较强的H2S和COS选出，惰质组较低，而惰质组在600℃有较强的HzS和CoS逸出，镜质组则基本没有，说明镜质组中有机硫含量较高而惰质组中黄铁矿硫含量较高，质组和惰质组不同的SO2选出说明镜质组合有较高的脂肪硫和芳香硫，极少的黄铁矿硫，而惰质组则含有较少脂肪硫和芳香硫，很高的黄铁矿硫．镜质组比惰质组有较高的C4H4S和C8H6S逸出，说明镜质组中的噻吩环和苯并环有较多的以弱的桥键与煤主体结构相连，而惰质组中的噻吩环和苯并环多与缩合芳香体系缩聚在一起，热稳定性较高，难以断裂分解，种含硫气体不同的逸出强度和分布反映了镜质组和惰质组中硫存在形态和含量的差异而导致的镜质组和惰质组在热解过程中硫的不同变迁规律。     

焦作矿区二1煤储层特征评价

对焦作矿区二１煤储层特征及其主要影响因素进行了系统的分析,结果表明,本区煤层气具有含量高、煤储层压力略高于静水压力、气饱和度较高和煤吸附性能较强,但煤层的渗透性较差和储层温度较低等特征．由于煤变质及其演化、断块构造及其差异升降运动和三叠纪末抬升剥蚀以及第三、四纪局部快速沉降等因素,对煤储层特性产生了显著的影响,使本区煤储层特征分布具有明显的差异性．     

构造煤的电子顺磁共振实验研究

选择平顶山矿区不同煤层３０个煤样进行电子顺磁共振实验和煤的最大反射率测试．结果表明，构造煤的顺磁共振谱图线宽、自由基浓度和最大反射率值增高．在实验基础上进一步探讨了构造煤的动力变质作用和自由基浓度在煤和瓦斯突出预测中的作用．     

煤岩显微组分加氢热解过程中含硫气体逸出特性

在热天平上进行了兖州煤及其显微组分加氢热解的TG-MS实验,研究了氢气气氛下兖州煤及其显微组分的热失重特征和加氢热解含硫气体的逸出特征.结果表明,镜质组在470℃左右有较强的H2S和COS逸出,惰质组较低,而惰质组在570℃左右有较强的H2S和COS逸出,镜质组则基本没有,说明镜质组中有机脂肪硫含量较高而惰质组中黄铁矿硫含量较高.镜质组和惰质组不同的SO2逸出说明镜质组含有较高的脂肪硫和较少芳香硫,而惰质组则含有较少脂肪硫和较高的芳香硫.镜质组比惰质组有较高的C4H4S和C8H6S逸出,说明镜质组中的噻吩环和苯并噻吩环有较多的以弱的桥键与煤主体结构相连,而惰质组中的噻吩环和苯并噻吩环多与缩合芳香体系缩聚在一起,热稳定性较高,难以断裂分解.各种含硫气体不同的逸出强度和分布反映了镜质组和惰质组中硫存在形态和含量的差异而导致的镜质组和惰质组在加氢热解过程中硫的不同变迁规律.     

神华煤有机显微组分富集物热重研究

利用热天平与红外光谱仪联机，研究了神华煤有机显微组分富集物的热解和气化反应性．结果表明，神华镜质组分富集物在氩气环境下热解在380～590℃之间有一个明显的失重峰，而惰质组分富集物在410～590℃之间有一个明显的失重峰；神华镜质组分富集物在二氧化碳环境下在350～550℃之间、惰质组分富集物在450～550℃之间各有一个失重峰，分析表明此温度段为热解过程；镜质组分富集物在850～1050℃之间、惰质组分富集物在900～1040℃之间又各有一个气化反应的明显失重峰．动力学计算结果表明神华煤显微组分富集物气化行为可用未反应收缩核模型来描述．通过比较反应速度和活化能可知，镜质组分富集物热解反应性大于惰质组分富集物，而惰质组分富集物气化反应性大于镜质组分富集物．     

河南省下二叠统山西组二_1煤煤层气储层描述

从煤厚、煤岩组成、煤级、煤体结构、裂隙系统、渗透性、吸附／解吸特性等方面对河南省的主可采煤层二１煤的煤层气的储层特征进行了详细论述．指出镜质组含量较高、割理比较发育、外生裂隙发育适中的原生结构煤和碎裂煤渗透性最好,是最有利的储层;外生裂隙发育适中的无烟煤是有利储层;碎粒煤为不利储层;糜棱煤为不可开发储层．临界解吸压力较高、含气量较高的中煤级煤分布区是煤层气勘探开发的首选地区．     

岩相对煤在CS2—NMP混合溶剂中溶解性的影响

选用褐煤、气煤和肥煤３个煤阶共５个煤种,着重从岩相角度研究了它们在二硫化碳－Ｎ－甲基－２－吡咯烷酮混合溶剂中的溶解特性．结果表明,在宏观煤岩组分方面,５种煤的溶解性均按亮煤＞暗亮煤＞亮暗煤＞暗煤＞丝炭的顺序减小,而镜煤在这一顺序中的位置则因是否含有壳质组分而不同;在显微煤岩组分方面,溶解性则是镜质组＞壳质组＞惰质组,镜质组中一般又以无结构镜质体溶解性最大,但随着煤变质程度的加深而逐渐与其它镜质组组分趋于一致．此外,矿物质对煤的溶解性也产生影响．     

液态水对煤吸附甲烷影响的机理分析

为了研究液态水对煤吸附甲烷影响的机理,进行了不同煤级干燥煤样、平衡水煤样和注水煤样等温吸附实验,基于分子间作用力对液态水影响机理进行分析,并用维里方程拟合等温吸附实验结果来验证.结果表明,煤基质的润湿程度是液态水影响煤吸附甲烷的主要因素.干燥煤样中煤与甲烷分子间作用力远大于甲烷分子间作用力,第二维里系数较低,吸附能力强;平衡水煤样中煤与水分子氢键能高于范德华力,气态水分子竞争吸附,第二维里系数偏高,煤基质吸附能力弱;注水煤样中煤与甲烷分子之间长程作用力和甲烷与水分子之间短程作用力之和较小,与甲烷分子间作用力相当,第二维里系数最高,煤基质吸附能力很低.煤级增高,煤基质表面极性及其润湿程度降低,第二维里系数随之降低.     

吸附平衡时间对瓦斯吸附常数测值的影响

煤的瓦斯吸附常数是煤矿瓦斯防治的重要基础参数,它的准确测定对煤矿瓦斯预测、瓦斯抽采和瓦斯突出防治均有重要的意义.煤炭行业标准MT/T 752—1997《煤的甲烷吸附量测定方法(高压容量法)》要求测定过程中煤对瓦斯吸附的平衡时间为7 h,但研究发现大部分煤样在7 h内并不能达到吸附平衡.选用无烟煤、贫煤和气肥煤3类不同煤阶的煤样,进行了不同吸附时间下的瓦斯吸附常数的对比测试.结果表明,吸附时间对瓦斯吸附常数影响非常明显;对固定煤阶煤样,吸附时间越长,吸附常数a值有增大的趋势;煤阶越高,瓦斯吸附常数a值受吸附时间的影响程度越大,煤对瓦斯的饱和吸附平衡时间越长.因此,对于高阶煤样,吸附时间应适当延长,从而提高测值可信度和工程应用价值.     

Preferential adsorption behaviour of CH4 and CO2 on high-rank coal from Qinshui Basin,China

In order to better understand the prevailing mechanism of CO₂ storage in coal and estimate CO₂ sequestration capacity of a coal seam and enhanced coalbed methane recovery (ECBM) with CO₂ injection into coal, we investigated the preferential adsorption of CH₄ and CO₂ on coals. Adsorption of pure CO₂, CH₄ and their binary mixtures on high-rank coals from Qinshui Basin in China were employed to study the preferential adsorption behaviour. Multiple regression equations were presented to predict CH₄ equilibrium concentration from equilibrium pressure and its initial-composition in feed gas. The results show that preferential adsorption of CO₂ on coals over the entire pressure range under competitive sorption conditions was observed, however, preferential adsorption of CH₄ over CO₂ on low-volatile bituminous coal from higher CH₄-compostion in source gas was found at up to 10 MPa pressure. Preferential adsorption of CO₂ increases with increase of CH₄ concentration in source gas, and decreases with increasing pressure. Although there was no systematic investigation of the effect of coal rank on preferential adsorption, there are obvious differences in preferential adsorption of gas between low-volatile bituminous coal and anthracite. The obtained preferential adsorption gives rise to the assumption that CO₂ sequestration in coal beds with subsequent CO₂-ECBM might be an option in Qinshui Basins, China.     

再燃烧条件下煤粉热解特性的实验研究

利用携带流反应装置，研究了煤粉在高温烟气环境中热解时的质量损失和c、H、N元素释放特性，采用扫描电镜和氮吸附方法观测了煤焦的显微结构、比表面积和总孔容积．结果表明，随着煤阶的降低，其煤焦比表面积和总孔容均升高，小龙潭褐煤增加最多，六枝贫煤增加最少；随着煤粉初始挥发分含量的增加和热解烟气温度升高，煤的质量损失增加，烟气气氛对煤粉质量损失份额影响较小；在实验条件下，煤中C、N析出份额与煤的质量损失份额基本相同，H释放份额远大于C、N和煤质量损失，达80％以上．     

水煤浆制浆试验研究与制备因素分析

采用两种低阶煤－阜新长焰煤和神木不粘煤进行了成浆性试验研究。结果发现,它们的成浆性很差,属难制浆煤种。全面分析了制浆的影响因素,对低阶煤而言,成浆性差是由于煤中富含含氧官能团,较高的最高内在水分和较差的可磨性,因此提出了采用低温热解的方法以提高煤粒表面的疏水性,从而改善其成浆性,本研究对低阶煤制浆进行了有益的尝试。     

不同粒度的煤样等温吸附研究

根据不同粒度的干燥煤样、含平衡水煤样的等温吸附实验，结合压汞法对煤样孔隙结构的测试实验，分析了粒度变化对孔隙结构的影响，探讨了粒度和孔隙结构变化对干燥煤样和含平衡水煤样吸附甲烷的影响及其作用机理．研究结果表明：实验范围内的粒度对干燥煤样吸附甲烷气体的影响只是在吸附时间上。而对含平衡水煤样的同等压力下吸附的甲烷量、Langmuir压力参数(pL)和吸附时间都有明显影响，但对Langmuir体积参数(VL)影响不大，并根据实验中出现的到了某一压力之后随着压力增大煤样吸附量下降的现象，研究认为Langmuir等温吸附模型已不适用，需要建立一种新的等温吸附理论模型。     

Estimation of correction coefficients for measured coal bed methane contents

Improving the accuracy and precision of coal bed methane (CBM) estimates requires correction of older data from older coal exploration surveys to newer standards. Three methods, the depth gradient method, the contour aerial weight method, and the well-point aerial weight method, were used to estimate the correction coefficient required to predict CBM gas content from coal exploration data. The data from the Nos. 3 and 15 coal seams provided the coal exploration data while the CBM exploration stages within the X1 well block located in the southern part of the Qinshui Basin provided the data obtained using newer standards. The results show the correction coefficients obtained from the two aerial weight methods are similar in value but lower than the one obtained from the depth gradient method. The three methods provide similar results for the Nos. 3 and 15 seams in that the correction factor is lower for the former seam. The results from the depth gradient method taken together with the coal seam burial depth and the coal rank suggest that variations in the correction factor increase linearly along with coal seam burial depth and coal rank. The correlation obtained can be applied to exploration and the evaluation of coal bed gas resources located in coalfields.     

长城窝堡井田煤中砷赋存状态的初步研究

对长城窝堡井田煤中砷的含量和赋存状态的研究得出：研究区煤中砷含量较高,算术平均含量高达95.5m g/kg,远高于中国煤中砷的含量;砷与灰分之间关系不明显,砷主要赋存在以黄铁矿为主的硫化物中,有机硫是导致煤中有机结合态砷存在的一个因素。     

The impact of depositional environment and tectonic evolution on coalbed methane occurrence in West Henan,China

A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which geological factors(depositional environment and tectonic evolution) control the occurrence of coalbed methane(CBM) is important for the utilization of CBM resources via surface-drilled wells and the elimination of coal-methane outbursts, the latter of which is a key issue for coal mine safety. Based on drill core data, high-pressure isothermal adsorption experiments, scanning electron microscopy experiments, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and X-ray diffraction experiments, the impact of the depositional environment and tectonic evolution on CBM occurrence of the II-1 coal seam of the Shanxi Formation in West Henan was analyzed. Results showed that the depositional environment led to the epigenetic erosion of tidal flat coal-accumulating structures by shallow-delta distributary channel strata. This resulted in the replacement of the original mudstonesandy mudstone coal seam immediate roof with fine-to-medium grained sandstones, reducing methane storage capacity. Epigenetic erosion by the depositional environment also increased coal body ash content(from 6.9% to 21.4%) and mineral content, filling the cleat system and reducing porosity, reducing methane storage capacity. The maximum methane adsorption capacity of the coal body reduced from35.7 cm3/g to 30.30 cm3/g, and Langmuir pressure decreased from 1.39 MPa to 0.909 MPa. Hence, the methane adsorption capacity of the coal body decreased while its capacity for methane desorption increased. Owing to the tectonic evolution of West Henan, tectonically deformed coal is common; as it evolves from primary cataclastic coal to granulitic coal, the angle of the diffraction peak increases, d002 decreases, and La, Lc, and Nc increase; these traits are generally consistent with dynamic metamorphism.This is accompanied by increases in the total pore volume and specific surface area of the coal body, further increasing the capacity for methane storage. Increases in micropore volume and specific surface area also increase the ability of the coal body to adsorb methane.