铝锂合金/FM94胶接接头内聚力模型参数识别

为了正确预测铝锂合金/FM94胶接接头的强度与失效特征,采用ABAQUS软件建立胶接接头的内聚力仿真模型. 针对内聚力模型关键参数的确定问题,利用材料力学和断裂力学相关理论推导I、II型断裂失效形式下断裂能的计算公式;通过实验测定FM94胶接铝锂合金标准双悬臂梁（I型失效）和三点弯曲试样（II型失效）的力-位移曲线,计算并确定不同失效模式下的内聚力模型参数;采用三角形内聚力理论模型和所确定的模型参数进行双悬臂梁标准试样、三点弯曲标准试样及单搭接接头的强度与断裂失效过程的数值仿真. 结果表明：仿真结果与实验数据较一致,在不同加载速率下断裂载荷最大误差为4.4%,断裂位移最大误差为3.8%,验证内聚力模型参数确定方法合理,模型参数正确.     

A combined continuous-discontinuous approach for failure process of quasi-brittle materials

Rock,concrete and other geo-materials,due to the presence of microstructural inhomogeneity,their fracture processes and damage characteristics are associated with the distribution of micro-cracks contained in the materials.In this study,by introducing a cohesive zone model based on fracture mechanics into the framework of deformable discrete element method,a continuous-discontinuous coupling analysis approach for simulating the fracture of quasi-brittle materials is proposed.The cohesive interface elements are inserted into certain engineering or research region.It is assumed that damage and fracture occur only in the interface elements,while bulk material is modeled to be elastic.The Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tension cut-off is adopted as the damage initiation criterion,and a scalar damage variable representing damage in the material is used to describe the rate at which the material stiffness is degraded.Cracks are simulated explicitly by the failure of the interface elements.Numerical simulations are performed in order to validate the suggested method.Partial applications are also listed.The results show that this method provides a simple but effective tool for the simulation of crack initiation and propagation,and it can reflect the whole process of quasi-brittle materials from small deformation to large deformation and failure.     

多铁性复合材料非理想界面的模拟及其影响

为研究多铁性复合材料中界面特性对磁电耦合的影响,建立一种采用界面内聚力单元的多铁性复合材料有限元分析模型.基于压电和压磁材料本构关系的模拟特性,采用压电有限单元模拟各单相材料;将内聚力模型用于表征界面上相间相互作用力和位移间断之间的关系,可描述非理想界面的刚度和强度,并通过相应的内聚力单元来实现.各种非理想界面状况可通过调节内聚力模型参数来表征,而理想界面可通过对界面刚度加强来模拟.具有理想界面的层状多铁性复合材料的算例分析结果与文献一致.采用本文的有限元模型分析了非理想界面的刚度对磁电耦合的影响,计算了相应的磁电耦合系数.结果表明,界面刚度对复合材料的磁电系数有重要影响,当界面刚度足够大时,界面特性接近于理想界面,磁电系数趋于恒定.本文方法和结果对理论和实际中界面处理、磁电耦合性能的预测具有参考意义.     

Strength evolution law of cracked rock based on localized progressive damage model

In the light of the localized progressive damage model, the evolution law of cohesive and frictional strength with irreversible strains was determined. Then, the location and the extent of the excavation disturbed zone in one deep rock engineering were predicted by using the strength evolution law. The theoretical result is close to the result of in-situ test. The strength evolution law excels the elastic-perfectly plastic model and elasto-brittte plastic model in which the cohesive and frictional strength are mobilized simultaneously. The results obtained indicate that the essential failure mechanism of the cracked rock can be described by the cohesion weakening and friction strengthening evolution law.     

基于预插黏性界面单元的混凝土细观拉伸断裂过程数值模拟

为确定预插黏性界面单元法模拟混凝土细观拉伸断裂的有效性和适用性,基于黏性裂缝模型理论,在实体单元中嵌入黏性界面单元(cohesive interface elements),对东江拱坝二级配混凝土试件单轴受拉的断裂过程进行数值模拟.按照试件的实际配比计算出各种粒径骨料的数目,采用Monte-Carlo法对混凝土骨料进行随机投放,生成试件的随机骨料模型,研究黏性界面单元的网格密度、骨料随机分布形式及界面单元的断裂参数对混凝土宏观力学性能及断裂模式的影响.结果表明:采用黏性界面单元可有效地模拟混凝土材料细观断裂破坏过程和宏观力学性能.     

Analysis of pre-crack kinking and delamination in terms of SLB test of honeycomb sandwich structure

The flatwise tension(FWT) and single leg bending(SLB) tests were used to investigate the fracture behavior of honeycomb sandwich specimens.In the FWT test,only the interlaminar delamination was observed.The test results show that the interfacial peel strength is higher than the interlaminar peel strength.In terms of SLB experiment,a new fracture mode was found,namely IKP(initiation of interlaminar delamination,kinking into facesheet and propagation of interlaminar delamination).The virtual crack closure technique was applied to separate the values of Mode I and Mode II components of the strain energy release rate in SLB experiment.The finite element analysis result shows that the Mode I strain energy release rate is higher than the Mode II strain energy release rate.To simulate the failure of SLB test of honeycomb sandwich specimens,a new computational model based on the Tsai-Hill failure criterion and the cohesive zone model is proposed.In comparison with experimental results,it can be concluded that the computational model can validly simulate the IKP of a honeycomb sandwich structures with reasonable accuracy.     

高温后混凝土断裂全过程的裂缝扩展阻力曲线

采用楔入劈拉法试验,设置20～600 ℃共10组温度,试件尺寸统一采用230 mm×200 mm×200 mm,初始缝高比为0.4.根据试验得到的荷载-开口位移曲线（P-CMOD）求得应力强度因子曲线（K曲线）.基于虚拟裂缝黏聚应力,对高温后混凝土断裂全过程的裂缝扩展阻力曲线进行求解.将混凝土断裂全过程划分为4个部分,裂缝黏聚应力呈Petersson双线性软化曲线分布.计算表明,在某一特定温度下,裂缝扩展阻力曲线随裂缝扩展长度的增加而增长;阻力曲线随温度的上升呈下降趋势.对应力强度因子曲线与裂缝扩展阻力曲线进行裂缝扩展的稳定性分析.结果表明,当裂缝扩展阻力曲线位于应力强度因子曲线上方时,裂缝稳定发展;反之,裂缝将失稳发展.该判据可以等同于双K断裂准则,起裂韧度、失稳韧度是裂缝扩展阻力曲线上的2个关键点.     

箱形节点域不锈钢端板连接梁柱弱轴节点受力性能

为了探究不锈钢弱轴节点的静力性能和抗震性能,设计并加工了4个端板连接不锈钢梁柱弱轴节点试件,包括奥氏体型和双相型两种不锈钢牌号试件各2个,且均设置了箱形节点域进行加强。对节点试件分别开展单调静力和低周反复加载试验,得到了节点的整体受力性能和局部受力特征,包括节点在单调静力和低周反复荷载作用下的失效破坏形态、荷载–位移曲线和螺栓力发展过程,以及节点在低周反复荷载作用下的刚度、强度退化和耗能能力。结果表明：在静力和循环荷载作用下,节点的最终破坏形态为柱子蒙皮板与柱翼缘的对接焊缝均出现断裂,奥氏体型不锈钢节点的初始刚度约为双相型不锈钢节点的90%,塑性承载力约为后者的60%~70%。节点在循环荷载作用下,滞回曲线较为饱满无明显捏拢现象,出现了刚度和强度退化,奥氏体型不锈钢节点的累积耗能约为双相型不锈钢节点的3倍。设置箱形节点域之后,弱轴端板连接节点受力性能对焊缝质量要求更高,焊缝的提前断裂导致不锈钢材的优良延性未能充分发挥。采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了精细数值模型对试验节点的受力性能进行模拟,并基于试验结果验证了所建立模型的准确性。得到的试验结果和建立的有限元模型可以为后续箱形节点域不锈钢弱轴节点受力性能研究提供参考。     

复合材料层合板低速冲击后剩余压缩强度研究

应用有限元显式算法计算层合板冲击后压缩强度(CAI值)。建立实体单元与cohesive界面单元相结合的层合板有限元分析模型。首先进行层合板受离面低速冲击中损伤过程的数值模拟,再以该步分析结果(损伤状态)作为初始损伤,进行面内压缩下层合板破坏过程数值模拟。从而实现了层合板从冲击损伤到冲击后压缩破坏的全过程分析。模型应用面内和层间损伤逐渐累积的算法。通过不同加载速率下的分析,考察了显式算法在准静态CAI计算中的可用性。冲击损伤特征、冲击后压缩破坏特征及CAI的计算值与试验结果有良好的一致性,表明文中所采用的模型、算法与损伤处理方法是合理的。     

混凝土四相复合模型的三维细观破坏模拟

考虑到混凝土内部细微裂隙的存在对混凝土强度和变形的重要影响,提出将混凝土视为砂浆、骨料、界面和随机缺陷组成的四相复合材料模型。混凝土细观单元服从应变空间内增量形式的弹塑性损伤本构,采用破坏单元网格消去法模拟混凝土裂纹扩展,数值模拟了三维混凝土单轴压缩和不同均质度试样的单轴拉伸弹塑性损伤破坏过程。结果表明：文中建立的混凝土四相复合材料模型中增加随机缺陷的模拟,一定程度上符合混凝土成形实际情况;随机缺陷的体积百分比是决定弱化混凝土宏观强度程度的主要因素;均质度低的单轴拉伸试样裂纹咬合明显,均质度高的试样断裂更清晰,数值模拟结果与试验结果较吻合。     

基于预插粘性界面单元的全级配混凝土梁弯拉破坏模拟

为确定预插粘性界面单元法模拟全级配混凝土梁在弯拉荷载作用下断裂破坏过程的有效性和适用性,基于粘结裂缝模型的基本原理,在混凝土梁的中心区域采用Monte—Carlo法生成随机骨料模型,通过自编程序实现了砂浆单元间和界面处粘性界面单元的预插,对全级配细观混凝土梁的弯拉断裂破坏过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果与相关文献结果吻合良好。研究结果表明：预插粘性界面单元法能够有效地模拟细观混凝土材料的弯拉断裂破坏过程和宏观力学特性。     

Simulation of Fatigue Stiffness Degradation in Prestressed Concrete Beams under Cyclic Loading

In order to investigate and research the fatigue cracking of prestressed concrete fatigue properties and loading and stiffness degeneration process,cyclic loading tests were carried out on six prestressed concrete beams and the stiffness degradation under fatigue was investigated. A simulation model of stiffness degradation is proposed based on the stiffness analysis of the fatigue-damaged section. The elastic modulus of damaged concrete and the effective residual area of steel were introduced as well as an adjusted three-stage concrete fatigue damage evolution model. The strip method was used to analyze concrete damage due to changing stress along the depth of the beam section. The simulation and test results were compared and a method of predicting fatigue deflection was presented based on the simulation model. The predicted results were compared with that of the neural network method. It is in good agreement for the simulation results with the test results. It is only less than 5% error for the simulation model which can reveal the two-stage degradation of prestressed concrete beams under cyclic loading. It is more precise for the simulation prediction method under proper conditions.     

钢铝板材压-胶复合连接性能

为提高钢铝混合轻量化车身结构中钢和铝异种材料的连接性能,对钢铝板材的压-胶复合连接技术进行仿真与实验研究.以A5052铝合金板和Q235钢板为被连接件,环氧树脂为胶粘剂,采用内聚力模型模拟胶层的失效行为,建立压-胶复合连接的剪切和剥离仿真模型.在实验验证仿真模型有效性的基础上,基于响应面近似模型对连接工艺参数进行多目标优化,得到关于剪切强度和剥离强度的Pareto前沿解集以及各参数的优化组合.结果表明:优化解集中的多个工艺方案均能保证连接点剪切强度在9 400 N以上,而剥离强度均在700 N以上.实验证明钢铝板材压-胶复合连接强度比无胶单独的压力连接提高一倍以上,且可以达到同条件下钢板焊接拉伸强度的80%左右.     

Rock parameters inversion for estimating the maximum heights of two failure zones in overburden strata of a coal seam

In order to enter effective parameters of rock mass in a numerical model, the relationships between mechanical parameters of rock and rock mass were obtained by an inversion method and an orthogonal test, given our measurements of the maximum heights of two failure zones in the Longdong coal mine.Using the maximum heights of the caving zone and the water-conducting fractured zone as test indices the modulus of elasticity, the Poisson ratio, cohesion and tension strength as test factors and different values of reduction enhancement factors as test levels, an orthogonal test was designed to obtain an optimum simulation scheme. From the analysis of different values of reduction enhancement factors which affect the test indices, an optimum factor combination for modification of parameters could be inferred. By using modified parameters in our numerical simulation, the maximum heights oftbe caving zone and the water-conducting fractured zone in the extensive Xiyi area were determined as 15.06 m and 36.92 m. These values were almost the same as those obtained by similar material simulation (8.5 m and 37.0 m) and empirical prediction (8.4 m and 34.4 m). These results indicate that the modification of parameters is a rational method.     

型钢混凝土自复位双肢墙板的恢复力模型

为明确型钢混凝土（steel reinforced concrete,SRC）自复位双肢墙板的恢复力模型和参数确定方法,在低周往复加载试验的基础上,研究了双肢墙板在水平荷载作用下的破坏形态和工作机制。墙板的变形及破坏历程为:墙板摇摆和耗能器剪切屈服。墙板的破坏主要集中在耗能器上,具有良好的自复位能力。根据墙板的滞回特征,提出恢复力模型,包括骨架规则、卸载规则和反向加载规则三部分,并提出影响恢复力模型的10个参数。其中,3个刚度参数和3个强度参数确定骨架规则,4个位移参数确定卸载规则和反向加载规则。基于双肢墙板、预应力筋、耗能器和框架梁的协同工作机制,提出了影响恢复力模型的刚度参数、强度参数和位移参数的确定方法。与试验结果进行对比,试验滞回曲线与模拟得到的滞回曲线吻合较好,试验耗能和模拟耗能也基本一致。研究结果表明:本文提出的恢复力模型能较好地描述型钢混凝土双肢墙板的滞回特征,参数确定方法具有较好的分析精度。     

混凝土断裂能的统计模型和标准值研究

采用三点弯曲法测定不同工况的混凝土断裂能,并就其中一个工况进行大样本试验。根据试验和收集文献中的数据建立断裂能基于混凝土强度和粗骨料最大粒径的双因素统计模型,将该统计模型与其他统计模型对比发现,其预测能力更好。应用统计分析软件SAS针对选用工况的试验数据进行了4种概率分布、5种拟合优度检验,得到该工况断裂能最符合的概率分布为对数正态分布,从而计算得到具有95%保证率的断裂能标准值GFk=66.0 N/m。     

大跨度PC连续刚构桥徐变预测模型

为了能准确预测混凝土收缩徐变,提出了一系列徐变预测模型,但传统的徐变理论研究主要是针对普通混凝土进行的,所提出的徐变模型并不能完全适用于高强混凝土。对各徐变预测模型进行分析比较,最终参考了日本混凝土示方书建议模型,并在高强混凝土徐变试验的基础上,提出了一个适用于高强混凝土的徐变预测模型。基于Abaqus平台,使用Python语言进行二次开发,定义了修正模型的徐变规律,并采用修正后的模型计算牛角坪大桥的徐变应变。结果表明,修正模型的精度,能很好的满足工程需求。     

基于床面阻力划分的沙波波高模型研究

本文针对沙波波高计算的问题,采用了一种更符合冲积河流当中水沙运动的机理的床面阻力划分方法,通过能量守恒方程建立数学模型分析得出沙波波高与背水面边界层分离区域长度的关系,结合了前人对边界层分离区域长度的研究,得出一种沙波波高的计算方法。将实验和野外测量数据代入公式验证并与各家代表公式对比,发现该方法适用于各种沙波形态(沙纹——逆行沙垄),并具有较高精度。     

改进的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构

针对现有的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型的缺陷,利用能够反映混凝土拉压方向不同强度特性的Hsieh-Ting-Chen四参数屈服函数,基于热力学耗散原理提出了一种新的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型,并且进行单轴拉伸和单轴压缩下,应力-应变关系的数值试验。和其它混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型相比,提出的弹塑性损伤本构模型有其优点:只有一个未知参数,其余的参数都和Hsieh-Ting-Chen混凝土四参数屈服函数的参数相同,易于确定未知参数;并且拉压损伤演化定律采用相同的计算公式,能够较好地反映混凝土在复杂应力状态下的拉压不同的损伤特性及应力-应变曲线。     

基于SCAD-ESN的时间序列预测模型

回声状态网络（ESN）是一种重要的时间序列预测方法,但在训练数据存在噪声或野点情况下,ESN将会出现过拟合问题。针对该问题,提出基于平滑消边绝对偏离罚函数的回声状态网络（SCAD-ESN）模型。不同于在模型中加入岭回归、L₁范数罚函数及小波降噪等常规方法,该模型利用SCAD罚函数对变量进行选择,将小变量置为零以满足变量稀疏性,将大变量直接置为常数,从而能够很好地解决ESN过拟合问题并满足近似无偏估计。对于SCAD罚函数的非凸函数优化问题,提出基于局部二次近似（LQA）的求解方法,将最小角回归（LQR）方法用于SCAD罚函数求解,避免了计算量巨大的问题。使用基于粒子群优化（PSO）的超参数选取方法快速确定平滑消边绝对偏离-回声状态网络模型的超参数,克服利用经验选取超参数时存在的盲目性较大且难以确定整体最优的超参数问题。混沌系统数值仿真和网络流量仿真结果表明,相对于常规模型,该模型能有效地降低测试误差,从而克服过拟合问题。