声矢量阵自适应抵消稳健波束形成算法

常规自适应波束形成算法在期望信号导向矢量存在误差时,性能严重下降。为了改善被动声呐的探测能力,结合声矢量自适应抵消技术,提出了一种新的稳健自适应波束形成算法。通过组合声压和振速分量在波束方向上形成零点,并以之作为自适应抵消的参考输入,去除接收数据中的期望信号成分;然后对协方差矩阵进行特征分解,平滑噪声子空间的特征值;最后利用重构的协方差矩阵求解自适应波束形成的权向量。理论分析和仿真结果表明,新算法重构出的协方差矩阵仅包含干扰和噪声,显著改善了声矢量阵自适应波束形成的稳健性,在期望信号存在大的阵列流形误差和高信噪比情况下,都能给出令人满意的输出信干噪比。     

声矢量阵波束域宽带聚焦MUSIC算法

和阵元域处理相比，波束域处理具有计算量小，分辨信噪比门限低的优点．同时，声矢量传感器拾取了更多的声场信息，联合处理这些信息可以提高声呐的性能．把声压阵的波束域高分辨算法的思想和相干子空间方法(CSM)的思想引入到声矢量阵列信号处理，在Michael Zoltowsk提出的矢量阵的数学模型的基础上推导出了声矢量阵波束域宽带聚焦MUSIC算法，并作了计算机仿真研究，仿真的结果表明：基于矢量阵的波束域宽带聚焦MUSIC、算法无论是在分辨信噪比门限还是在角度分辨能力上都要优于声压阵波束域宽带聚焦MUSIC算法，而二者的计算量相当，和矢量阵阵元域宽带聚焦MUSIC算法相比，矢量阵波束域处理的计算量要远远小于阵元域处理。     

声矢量阵快速子空间方位估计算法

针对声矢量阵高分辨方位估计算法运算量大的问题,基于声压振速联合信息处理,提出了一种快速的声矢量阵高分辨方位估计算法．该算法选择参考阵元的电子旋转矢量作为期望信号,运用多级维纳滤波器(MSWF)对信号子空间进行快速估计,不需要计算声矢量阵的互协方差矩阵,不用进行特征值分解,从而大大缩减了计算量．另外,该算法基于矢量传感器声压与振速的相干性原理,充分利用了声压振速组合抗干扰能力,有效抑制了各向同性噪声．理论分析和计算机仿真表明,该算法在拥有良好DOA估计性能的同时,大大减小计算量．     

一种新的声矢量阵最小范数算法

现有的声矢量阵方位估计算法基本都是将声矢量传感器(AVS)的振速信息作为与声压相同的独立阵元信息来处理,没有充分利用AVS中声压和振速的相干性,以及由此带来的抗各向同性噪声能力.基于AVS中声压和振速的相干性原理,提出了一种新的声矢量阵最小范数算法.新算法充分利用了AVS中声压和振速联合信息处理的优势,能更好地将最小范数(MN)算法的高分辨能力与AVS的抗噪能力有机地结合起来,实现远程高分辨DOA估计.理论分析和基于湖试数据的仿真实验证明了所提算法的有效性.     

矢量阵自初始化MUSIC算法的试验研究

利用单个矢量阵元的阵簇估计提供的初始参数,对MUSIC噪声子空间谱进行迭代搜索谱峰,实现目标的方位估计.该方法减少了运算量,同时提高了目标方位估计的精度.为了检验算法的性能,进行了外场试验.利用3个矢量水听器组成了三元矢量阵,对比了矢量阵自初始化MUSIC算法和MUSIC空间谱估计以及常规波束形成的性能.试验结果表明,矢量阵常规波束形成的目标方位估计精度较差,MUSIC空间谱的估计性能较好,而迭代搜索MUSIC谱峰方法的定向精度最高.当空间严重降采样时,常规波束图的栅瓣高度接近主瓣高度,MUSIC空间谱表现出较强的栅瓣抑制能力,而自初始化MUSIC算法不受空间降采样的影响,总能给出正确的目标方位估计值.     

矢量水听器扩展孔径线阵方位估计技术

矢量水听器由声压水听器和质点振速水听器复合而成,可以同时测量声场中的声压和质点振速的正交分量,将矢量水听器布成阵列对目标方位进行估计.在不增加阵元个数的情况下,可以把阵布成稀疏阵来增加阵孔径,提高对目标方位的估计精度.按照耐奎斯特空间采样定理,阵元间距超过半波长将会带来方位估计的周期性模糊.该研究利用扩展孔径矢量线阵对目标进行方位估计,以及研究如何去掉方位估计中的周期性模糊,最终获得目标方位的高精度无模糊估计.研究结果表明,在相同的信噪比条件下,利用扩展孔径矢量线阵可获得比具有相同输出路数的声压阵更好的方位估计性能.     

基于ESPRIT算法的L-型矢量阵源方位估计

建立了水平L-型矢量水听器阵列的数据模型,研究了利用ESPRIT算法同时对目标的水平方位角和仰角进行高分辨率角度估计,仿真L-型矢量水听器阵对单个源和多个源的方位估计情况,并和相同阵型的声压阵方位估计性能进行比较,结果表明,相对于声压阵,矢量阵可以在不增加阵孔径的前提下提高对单源方位估计的精度,获得的增益为6dB左右,同时提高了对多目标方位的分辨能力。     

基于矢量阵的自初始化MUSIC方位估计算法

MUSIC空间谱估计突破了常规波束形成中的锐利限,能够对目标进行高精度方位估计.探讨了MUSIC算法在矢量阵上的应用,给出了矢量线阵MUSIC噪声子空间谱估计表达式,利用单个矢量阵元的阵簇估计提供的初始参数,对MUSIC噪声子空间谱进行迭代搜索谱峰实现目标的方位估计,用以提高目标方位估计的精度.对单目标和双目标方位估计进行了仿真研究,在文中的仿真条件下,当满足信噪比大于5dB的条件时,可对目标方位进行较好估计.研究结果表明,通过单个矢量阵元阵簇得出的目标方位估计精度较差,而迭代搜索MUSIC谱峰方法提高了方位估计精度.     

阵元利用率最高的MIMO雷达阵列结构优化算法

提出了一种多输入多输出雷达阵列结构优化新算法．首先要求在实际物理阵元数最少的条件下能够在接收端获得尽可能多的有效虚拟阵元数,即系统总的物理阵元利用率最高; 然后约束多输入多输出雷达的虚拟阵列满足最小冗余阵的要求,从而提高系统的分辨率并克服栅瓣和高旁瓣的影响．理论分析和算法求解结果都表明,该算法优化出的多输入多输出雷达阵列是收发为同一阵列的非均匀线阵,在物理阵元总数相同的条件下,较其他阵列结构具有更好的波束性能．     

一种新的声矢量阵远程ESPRIT方位估计算法

为解决水下目标远程高分辨定向问题,文章提出了一种新的声矢量阵ESPRIT方位估计算法.与现有的将声矢量传感器(AVS)的振速信息作为独立阵元来处理的声矢量阵方位估计算法不同,新算法完全基于声压与振速联合信息处理,充分利用了声矢量阵(AVSA)中声压与振速的相干性原理,能更好地将ESPRIT算法的高分辨能力与AVSA的抗噪能力有机地结合起来,实现远程、高分辨方位估计.理论分析和基于湖试背景噪声的仿真实验证明了新算法的有效性.     

FBG阵列的多重反射性能优化

为抑制光脉冲经过布拉格光纤光栅(FBG)阵列时所产生的冗余次级迭代多重反射,运用模式耦合理论和行列式法分析了FBG的反射特性及各项参数,得到了在固定结构低损耗二阶FBG阵列中抑制光脉冲多重反射的最优化光栅各参数.将优化参数应用于基于二阶FBG阵列的相关函数(检验光系统)的结果显示,光脉冲的自相关程度提高了约28.6%,互相关程度降低了约37.0%.这表明通过优化配置参数可有效降低FBG阵列的多重反射,进而可提高光通信与光传感系统的信号精度.     

Development of silicon-based microelectrode array

This paper introduces in details a kind of silicon-based microelectrode array. MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) technology is used in the fabrication of the microelectrode array, which is designed to perform signal recording and electrical stimulation for nerves in neural engineering. A simple fabrication process is developed. An improved model of microelectrodes is brought forward and successfully validated by the excellent match between circuit simulations and electrical measurements, including both magnitude and phase of microelectrode impedance. Compared with the simple one that is usually used, the improved model is believed to be an advance and more accurate. This modeling helps to improve the design of microelectrodes and understand the behavior of interface between electrode and cell. Furthermore, the microelectrode is proved to be a feasible tool for researches in neural engineering by successfully recording neural activities of sciatic nerve of a bullfrog. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (Grant No. Y106448) and State Key Laboratories of Transducer Technology (Grant No. SKT0506)     

蜂窝式立体元图像阵列的生成

提出了一种蜂窝式透镜阵列立体元图像的生成方法。首先,通过分析真实透镜的成像原理,建立了成像模型。然后,利用虚拟相机阵列模拟透镜阵列,根据显示端透镜阵列和显示器的参数设置虚拟相机的采集参数。最后,采用投影的方式生成立体元图像阵列。实验结果表明:利用本文方法生成的蜂窝式立体元图像阵列在水平和垂直方向均具有连续的视差变化,且满足子图像与立体元图像之间的投影关系,可以真实再现3D物体的空间信息。本文方法既克服了透镜阵列直接采集存在的空间反转和串扰等问题,又可避免光学采集设备带来的误差,节约成本,可为基于组合成像系统研究提供各种图像来源。     

基于线列阵组合圆周阵声源的远场指向性分析

利用Bridge乘积定理推导出线列阵组合圆周阵声源的远场指向性函数,采用数值方法对声源的指向性进行仿真分析,并与线列阵及点源均匀圆周阵声源的远场指向性进行比较。结果表明,在相同指向性要求下,线列阵组合圆周阵声源比线列阵及点源均匀圆周阵所构成声源的指向性都好,更有利于声源的小型化。     

Simulation analysis of directivity and optimization of the array of the AlN thin film PMUT array

The relatively low piezoelectric constant of the aluminum nitride piezoelectric film limits the development and application of the piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducer based on the aluminum nitride. Therefore, the directivity of the piezoelectric micro-machined ultrasonic transducer array is studied for this problem. First, the far-field sound pressure and normalized directivity function of the transducer array are calculated according to the Rayleigh principle. Furthermore, the effects of array element radius, array element spacing, array element number and operating frequency on the beam width, direction sharpness angle and sidelobe level of the array are analyzed, and the transducer array is optimized. Finally, based on the optimization results, area and filling efficiency, the final structure size of the transducer array is determined and the sound pressure distribution visually simulated. The results show that the optimized transducer array has an ideal sound pressure distribution, good directivity and sharp main lobe. The-3dB beamwidth of the main lobe is about 9 ° and the sidelobe level is about 0.228.     

Sensor array calibration for uniform rectangular array in presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors

The sensor array calibration methods tailored to uniform rectangular array （URA） in the presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors were addressed. First, the mutual coupling model of the URA was studied, and then a set of steering vectors corresponding to distinct locations were numerically computed with the help of several time-disjoint auxiliary sources with known directions. Then, the optimization modeling with respect to the array error matrix （defined by the product of mutual coupling matrix and sensor gain-and-phase errors matrix） was constructed. Two preferable algorithms （called algorithm I and algorithm II） were developed to minimize the cost function. In algorithm I, the array error matrix was regarded as a whole parameter to be estimated, and the exact solution was available. Compared to some existing algorithms with the similar computation framework, algorithm I can make full use of the potentially linear characteristics of URA＇s error matrix, thus, the calibration precision was obviously enhanced. In algorithm II, the array error matrix was decomposed into two matrix parameters to be optimized. Compared to algorithm I, it can further decrease the number of unknowns and, thereby, yield better estimation accuracy. However, algorithm II was incapable of producing the closed-form solution and the iteration operation was unavoidable. Simulation results validate the excellent performances of the two novel algorithms compared to some existing calibration algorithms.     

二维数组数据结构分析

在逻辑上,二维数组可以用两种不同的方式表示,矩阵表示每个元素是独立的,而数组的数组则表示每行中的元素为一个整体.两种形式的二维数组在C语言中都可以在概念的层面上用typedef定义,根据不同的二维数组可以创建矩阵、数组的数组、字符串数组、动态矩阵等不同的数据结构.这些不同的数据结构的二维数组可广泛应用于科学、工程和数学领域.     

微透镜阵列的加工技术研究

我们运用紫外光刻及热熔成形的方法,制作 了２０ｍｍ＊２０ｍｍ的折射型微透镜阵列,单元微透镜相对口径为Ｆ／２单元透镜直径９０μｍ,中心间隔１００μｍ。     

Performance analysis of microcantilever array sensing

Array sensing is increasingly important in the development of microcantilever(MC) sensors, and response consistency is the foundation for MC array sensing. In the present work, we investigated the response consistency of MC array sensing. The responses of two types of commercially available MC arrays were studied under conditions of temperature change, solution replacement and biochemical molecular interaction. For the thermal response, the deflections of both arrays were found to be proportional to temperature, and the responses of the MCs in both arrays were consistent with each other. The thermal response sensitivity for each MC during temperature increase and decrease also showed good consistency. Moreover, the MC array showed good consistency for the response induced by solution replacement. Finally, we also demonstrated that the MC array had good consistency in biochemical detection, exemplified by aflatoxin antibody-anti gen binding. The good response consistency makes this technology reliable and accurate for biochemical sensing.     

一种改进的共面波导馈电圆极化天线阵

针对传统平面阵列天线圆极化轴比带宽窄的不足,将顺序旋转馈电技术与共面波导馈电相结合,对一种共面波导馈电的圆极化天线阵进行了改进,适当选择天线单元的旋转角度并对馈线进行相应的相位补偿,就可以增加圆极化天线阵的轴比带宽.仿真结果表明,改进后的阵列天线轴比带宽由传统的0.9%增加到3.7%,同时阵列天线的阻抗带宽也由传统的3.2%增加到6.9%.