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1.
The basic factors relating to the rheological stress in the constitutive equations were introduced.Carbon constructional quality steels were regarded as a kind of elastic-viscoplastic materials under high temperature and the elastic-viscoplastic constitutive models were summarized.A series of tension experiments under the same temperature and different strain rates,and the same strain rate and different temperatures were done on 20 steel,35 steel and 45 steel.52 groups of rheological stress-strain curves were obtained.The experimental results were analyzed theoretically.The rheological stress constitutive models of carbon steels were built combining the strong points of the Perzyna model and Johnson-Cook model.Comparing the calculation results conducted from the model with the experiment results,the results proves that the model can reflect the temperature effect and strain rate effect of carbon constructional quality steels better.  相似文献   

2.
The hot deformation experiments of ultra-low carbon steel in ferrite range were carried out in a hot simulator in order to research hot deformation behaviors of ultra-low carbon steel in ferrite range at low temperature. The results show that the influences of deformation parameters on flow stress are different to those in austenitic deformation. The deformation characteristic parameters were calculated for ultra-low carbon steel in ferrite region. The flow stress equation for ultra-low carbon steel in ferritic deformation at low temperature was obtained.  相似文献   

3.
A creep technique was applied on a Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator for monitoring the aging precipitation in ultra-low carbon steels containing various coppers. The aging hardening curve was obtained by the hardness testing. With the aid of an optical microscope and TEM, the microstructure and the aging precipitates were detected. The results indicate that when the precipitation occurs during the creep a plateau will appear on the creep curve; the left-hand and right-hand endings of the plateau correspond to the precipitation start (Ps) and finish (Pf) times, respectively. The Pf obtained from the creep curve coincides with the peak hardness time (tp) at the aging hardening curve. A precipitation-time-temperature (PTT) diagram of the steel can be obtained.  相似文献   

4.
The hot deformation behaviors of two medium carbon ultra-high strength steels with different niobium contents were investigated by using Zener-Hollmom parameter and processing map,and the effect of niobium addition on the hot deformation behavior of medium carbon steel was determined.The hot compression tests were conducted on a Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator deformed at temperatures from 850 to 1 200 ℃ and strain rates from 0.001 to 1 s~(-1).The processing maps of two test steels were built at a true strain of 0.7 based on dynamic materials model(DMM).There are two peak efficiency domains and two flow instability regions in both test steels.However,the peak efficiency domains of Nb-bearing steel move to higher temperature due to the inhibition of dynamic recrystaUization(DRX),and the instability domains of Nb-bearing steel are enlarged due to the precipitation of Nb-containing particles during hot deformation.The optimum process parameters of Nb-bearing and Nb-free steels for industrial production were determined according to the processing map and the microstructural observation.  相似文献   

5.
Based on the current situation of studying the thermodynamic property of Fe-C-Cr melt using the carbon saturated solubility,an experimental data treatment method of the carbon satureated solubility was put forward.With this method a linear relationship expression of the carbon saturated solubility in Fe-C-Cr melt was botained,which intercept is dependent on temperature and independent of third component[Cr],but which slope is dependent on third component [Cr] and independent of temperature,Through this expression activity interaction coefficients at different temperatures were calculated and the relationship between activity interaction coefficients and temperature is also obtained.  相似文献   

6.
A stress relaxation test has been carried out for Hastelloy C-276 at temperature of 800 ~C and initial stress level of 250 MPa. Based on the experimental stress relaxation curve, the relationship between creep strain rate and stress has been derived. Then, a set of creep constitutive equations has been built and the values of constants arising in the constitutive equations have been determined by fitting the creep strain rate-stress curve. Close agreement between computed results and experimental ones is obtained for stress relaxation data. The creep constitutive equation set has been integrated with the commercial FE (finite element) solver MSC.Marc via the user defined subroutine, CRPLAW, for the vacuum hot bulge forming process modelling of Hastelloy C-276 thin-walled cylindrical workpiece. The temperature field, the radius-direction displacement field and the stress-strain field are calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, the bulging dimension and the final internal diameter of workpiece are predicted and the test results verify the reliability of the finite element method.  相似文献   

7.
Stress relaxation was chosen as the best method for monitoring the precipitation process. Tests were carried out on an ultra-low carbon bainitic steel containing Mn, Nb and B over 800~950℃. Specimens were solu- tion treated at 1250℃ for a certain holding period. A prestain of 20% was applied at a strain rate of 0.1/s. The exper- imental results are displayed by a set of stress vs. 1g(time) curves different from the typical stress relaxation curves. There are two singularities forming a stress plateau on the stress vs.1g(time) curves when precipitates could be observed. Suppose the first one is the start of precipitation (Ps), and the second represcnts the fihish (Pf). As a result Precipitation-Time-Temperature relationship is described as C-shape curves based on two points. This mechanical method is suitable and precise for measuring precipitates in microalloyed steels during hot working.  相似文献   

8.
In hot deformation, the flow stress curves of steels always present as two typical types: at relatively high temperature and low strain rate, the flow stress may first increase and then attain a steady value without reaching an obvious peak stress; in other situations, the flow stress decreases after reaching peak stress and then attains a steady value. A new phenomenological model,described by a sine-function equation, is proposed to define the relationship between flow stress and deformation parameters. A series of isothermal compressions for a carbon steel were carried out, as a case study, to obtain basic experimental data.Parameters of the new model were sequentially determined. The predicted results of the proposed model were compared with actual measured data. Good accuracy was found in the standard statistical parameters of correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and average absolute relative error with the values of 0.935, 7.137 MPa and 4.352%, respectively. Discussion of applications of different models in finite-element simulation demonstrated the benefit of the new model. When comparing the simulation results of three different deformation patterns with large strain, the new model showed 10%–20% lower predicted forming load than the original Arrhenius equation, and better applicability and reliability than modified Arrhenius equations.  相似文献   

9.
Corrosion behavior of tempered dual-phase steel embedded in concrete   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Dual-phase(DP) steels with different martensite contents were obtained by appropriate heat treatment of an SAE1010 structural carbon steel,which was cheap and widely used in the construction industry. The corrosion behavior of DP steels in con-crete was investigated under various tempering conditions. Intercritical annealing heat treatment was applied to the reinforcing steel to obtain DP steels with different contents of martensite. These DP steels were tempered at 200,300,and 400°C for 45 min and then coo...  相似文献   

10.
In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s~(-1) to 1 s~(-1) on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.  相似文献   

11.
混凝土徐交对组合梁内力的影响与钢筋混凝土梁不同,表现为混凝土在徐变发展过程中。要受到钢梁约束的影响,导致混凝土本身交形与在相同温度和湿度等外界条件下的钢筋混凝土梁不同.笔者制作了一片钢筋混凝土组合梁进行徐交加载试验。通过最小二乘法修正了在一定的温度和湿度下,考虑受钢梁约束作用的混凝土板的徐变度;然后根据有效模量法通过在一定时域内的叠加计算,得到组合梁中混凝土板的徐变系数;最后通过与钢筋混凝土梁的计算对比。得出了混凝土徐变变形对连续组合梁次内力的影响特点.  相似文献   

12.
一种青藏高原冻结砂土蠕变本构模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为描述青藏铁路沿线冻结砂土的蠕变特性,建立一个考虑应力和时间耦合的蠕变本构模型.首先进行一系列不同温度、干密度条件下的冻结砂土三轴蠕变试验;其次以Nishihara模型为基础,考虑应力和时间对模型元件的耦合影响,将黏弹性元件中定常的黏滞系数修正为时间和应力的函数,引入损伤变量改进黏塑性元件,构建新的冻结砂土蠕变本构模型;最后基于试验数据验证其科学性.结果表明:试验数据与拟合数据吻合良好,改进模型能较好地描述不同温度和应力水平下冻结砂土的衰减、稳态和加速蠕变特性;改进模型中黏弹性元件的黏滞系数、剪切模量和黏塑性元件的黏滞系数均随温度升高和应力水平增大而减小,损伤变量参数随着温度升高、应力水平增大而增大.成果可为冻结砂土蠕变沉降预测提供一种新的选择,为蠕变理论研究积累资料.  相似文献   

13.
为研究第三系红层软岩在低温下的蠕变特性。对冻结红层进行单轴蠕变试验,试验结果表明,在应力水平较低时,软岩只存在衰减蠕变,随着应力水平的增大,当超过流变长期强度时,出现了非稳定蠕变;同时,随着温度的降低,软岩的瞬时应变量和蠕变量都会明显减少,而长期强度则有较大幅度的增长,说明温度对软岩及冻结壁的流变性质影响十分显著。引入与时间和应力相关的非线性黏滞系数和时间开关函数,对西原模型进行改进,得到了可以描述加速蠕变的非线性流变本构模型,通过试验数据对冻结红层软岩的参数进行了辨识。将流变模型嵌入到abaqus有限元程序,并对井筒开挖进行数值模拟,获得冻结壁最大位移与时间曲线,通过与实测值进行比较,两者较为吻合。可见,建立的流变模型能够很好的描述冻结红层软岩的蠕变规律。  相似文献   

14.
火灾下钢筋混凝土热弹塑性徐变本构方程研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
火灾高温作用下钢筋和混凝土材料的力学性能变化非常复杂.为了研究钢筋混凝土材料的抗火性能,基于热弹塑性徐变理论,考虑了材料性能随温度的变化,并根据不同的屈服法则,推导出了钢筋和混凝土材料热弹塑性徐变问题的增量本构方程.采用了向后Euler积分法和隐式积分的广义中心法,根据给出的求解步骤对推导得出的钢筋和混凝土热弹塑性徐变本构方程进行了数值模拟,所得结果与现有试验模型基本吻合.从计算结果可以看出,高温下钢筋混凝土材料的徐变应变是不可忽略的,并且随着温度的升高而升高.该研究为进行钢筋混凝土结构在火灾高温作用下的耐火性能分析提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

15.
为了研究钢筋混凝土结构在火灾作用下的力学性能,利用弹塑性理论,根据材料不同的屈服法则,分别给出了钢筋和混凝土材料考虑温度变形和徐变变形热弹塑性问题的增量本构方程。考虑钢筋和混凝土力学性能随温度的变化,编制程序对钢筋混凝土简支板进行了非线性分析,并利用相关文献的试验结果,对本构方程的正确性和适用性进行了验证。对火灾作用下1榀单层单跨钢筋混凝土框架进行了非线性分析,并给出了部分节点位移随受火时间的变化规律。结果表明,钢筋混凝土结构在高温下会产生很大变形,钢筋混凝土框架梁柱节点位移随受火时间变化的曲线并不是呈单调变化趋势,有拐点存在,梁柱节点竖向位移值小于梁跨中节点值。  相似文献   

16.
0 INTRODUCTIONNormaltestingprogrammesofpolymericmateri alsreadily providecomprehensiveinformationaboutstress/strain/timefunctionsforshort termbe haviours,andthereareseveralwayscanbedisplayed ,suchasfamilyofcreepcurvesorofisometriccurves .However,itisnotpra…  相似文献   

17.
The effects of stress,ageing time and ageing temperature on creep behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate) were studied.After annealing above its glass transition temperature for a period of time to eliminate the stress and thermal history,the specimens were quenched and aged at various ageing temperatures for different ageing time,and then the short-term creep tests under different stress levels were carried out at room temperature.The creep strains were modeled by means of time-ageing time equivalence and ti...  相似文献   

18.
混凝土的徐变包括低应力水平下的近似线性徐变和高应力水平下的非线性徐变.在低应力水平下,混凝土的徐变与加载应力为近似线性关系,可以应用线性本构模型;在高应力水平下,混凝土的徐变与加载应力表现为明显的非线性关系,线性本构模型不再适用.本文分析探讨了混凝土徐变的非线性本构模型,并以ANSYS有限元软件为开发平台,开发了混凝土结构徐变效应的仿真分析程序,程序仿真模拟了混凝土结构徐变的依时性.文中给出了混凝土重力坝徐变效应分析的仿真分析算例.  相似文献   

19.
0 INTRODUCTIONThetwomaintechniquestopredictthelong termmechanicalbehaviorsandlifetimeforpolymericmaterialsaretime temperatureandstress timesuperposition .Bothexploitthefactthatcreeporrelaxationratesincreasewithincreasingtemperatureandstress.Theircommond…  相似文献   

20.
As the depth of exploitation increases, studies on constitutive models of rock affected by temperature and humidity become very important. Based on the Nishihara model, a visco-elastic-plastic rock model was established by using the coefficients of thermal and humidity expansion, thermal viscosity attenuation, humid viscosity attenuation and acceleration rheology components. We used the definition of a controlled heat circle to explain the model. The results show that the behavior of rock, affected by temperature and humidity, is stable as a function of time when the stress is lower than the first yield stress σS1;the creep rate will increase due to the effect of temperature and humidity when the stress is greater than or equal to σS1;the creep rate will accelerate at an increasing rate when the stress is greater than or equal to the second yield stress σS2,which results in a failure of the roadway. The model derived in this study can completely describe visco-elastic-plastic characteristics and reflects the three stages of rock creep.  相似文献   

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